Decolonisation: In Africa

Question 1

how had East Africa become increasingly more problematic for the British after the war?

Answer 1

• towns such as Mombasa and Ar-es-surna had grown considerably after the war
• growth and urbanisation had caused several significant factors. More political consciousness and overcrowding fuelled protests
• attempts to grow the areas was disastrous such as the Groundnut scheme in Tanganyika, only fuelled more protest and nationalism

Question 2

What was the Groundnut project?

Answer 2

• 1947, Labour government planned ambitious project
• in mandated Tanganyika aimed to increase the production of edible oil.
• the building of infrastructure for the project would in turn provide jobs and improve local economy

Question 3

Why did the Groundnut project fail?

Answer 3

• planners completely disregarded the peculiarities of the region and its climate conditions
• swell as encounters with lions and rhinos etc, African workers went on strike and agriculural machines and means of transport broke down

Question 4

What was the consequence of the failed Groundnut project?

Answer 4

• The African labourers went on strike
• On 9th jan 1951 project was cancelled and site was left I ruin
• left questions as to why britians expenses were wasted on failures in empire

Question 5

Who were the Man-Mau

Answer 5

• an independence movement, led by the Kikuyu people
• used ritualistic oaths

Question 6

What occurred in 1952 with the Man-Mau

Answer 6

• there was an escalation of murders by the man-mau, targeting white farmers and Christian Kenyans who refused to take the Mac-Mau oath
• the chief of Kikuyu spoke out against the atrocities and he himself was assasinated in October of 1952

Question 7

ow did the British react to the Mad-Mau

Answer 7

• a backlash, Evelyn Baring declared a state of emergency, suspended black African political rights and imprisoned black leaders despite whether they were involved with the Mau-Mau group.
• placed Britain in an awkward moral position

Question 8

What were the consequences of the Mau-Mau rebellion and British action

Answer 8

-Kikuyu villages were uprooted and transported elsewhere many of the people were displaced

decline in British colonial influence eventually led to the British exit and Kenyan independence in 1963

Question 9

What led to South Africa independence from Britain

Answer 9

• the white minority government had been in control in South Africa since the Statute of Westminster 1931
• apartheid became entrenched in the country even after afrikaners Nationalist party took over.

Question 10

When did South Africa become Independent

Answer 10

• departed form the commonwealth and became fully independent in 1961

Question 11

what was the Central African Federation

Answer 11

• formed in 1953
• attempt to join Northern Rhodesia, Southern Rhodesia and Nyasaland
• the nationalist movement continued to grow and forced Britain to realise decolonisation was necessary.

Question 12

What occurred in Southern Rhodesia

Answer 12

• 126,000 white settlers in S.Rhodesia made decolonisation more difficult
• white people managed to maintain self-government in 1923 and wanted to remain in control

Question 13

what was the UD (Southern Rhodesia)

Answer 13

UD (unilateral declaration of independence)

• triggered 15 year long war
• culminating in the formation of Zimbabwe in 1980 with Robert Mgabe in power