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Question 1

well-heeled

Answer 1

nadziany (bogaty)Seven years ago Uber launched itself as an app connecting well-heeled users with nearby limousines.

Question 2

prominent

Answer 2

wiodący, czołowy, rzucający się w oczyIt has since become the most prominent tech startup in the world, with a valuation of $70bn.

Question 3

hard-charging

Answer 3

agresywny, zdeterminowany, ambitnyThe company’s hard-charging culture—embodied in Travis Kalanick, Uber’s co-founder and boss—was celebrated, not questioned.

Question 4

to embody

Answer 4

uosabiaćThe company’s hard-charging culture—embodied in Travis Kalanick, Uber’s co-founder and boss—was celebrated, not questioned.

Question 5

to fend off

Answer 5

odpieraćThe firm is fending off accusations of stealing autonomous-car technology.

Question 6

allegedlyÂ

Answer 6

rzekomoIt is being investigated for allegedly designing software to identify and evade transport regulators.

Question 7

to evade

Answer 7

unikaćIt is being investigated for allegedly designing software to identify and evade transport regulators.

Question 8

reminiscent of sth

Answer 8

przypominajÄ…cy coÅ›, przywoÅ‚ujÄ…cy coÅ› Mr Kalanick and his band of brothers created a workplace more reminiscent of a bar than a business.Â

Question 9

belated

Answer 9

spóźnionyUber is belatedly making efforts to fix things.

Question 10

underling

Answer 10

podwładnyThe firm will do other things differently, too: more performance reviews, less booze and no sex between a manager and an underling.

Question 11

indefiniteÂ

Answer 11

nieokreÅ›lony, bezterminowyHe said this week that he will take an indefinite leave of absence, in part to grieve for his mother, who was killed in a recent accident, and in part to “work on himself”.Â

Question 12

culpableÂ

Answer 12

winny, karygodnyHe is culpable for its failings; its culture was created in his image.

Question 13

to take a toll

Answer 13

zbierać żniwoThe firm’s problems have started to take a toll.

Question 14

to loom large

Answer 14

spędzać sen z powiekThe spectre of the past will continue to loom large, thanks to litigation and government probes.

Question 15

probe

Answer 15

śledztwoThe spectre of the past will continue to loom large, thanks to litigation and government probes.

Question 16

to inflict

Answer 16

wyrządzić, zadać, zadawać One is that a tolerance of casual sexism can inflict real commercial damage.

Question 17

to be wary of

Answer 17

mieć siÄ™ na bacznoÅ›ci przedAnother is to be wary of the power handed to founders.Â

Question 18

misstep

Answer 18

gafaUber’s missteps would have become clear much sooner with better governance and a visible share price.

Question 19

nadziany (bogaty)

Answer 19

well-heeledSeven years ago Uber launched itself as an app connecting well-heeled users with nearby limousines.

Question 20

wiodący, czołowy, rzucający się w oczy

Answer 20

prominentIt has since become the most prominent tech startup in the world, with a valuation of $70bn.

Question 21

agresywny, zdeterminowany, ambitny

Answer 21

hard-chargingThe company’s hard-charging culture—embodied in Travis Kalanick, Uber’s co-founder and boss—was celebrated, not questioned.

Question 22

uosabiać

Answer 22

to embody The company’s hard-charging culture—embodied in Travis Kalanick, Uber’s co-founder and boss—was celebrated, not questioned.

Question 23

odpierać

Answer 23

to fend offThe firm is fending off accusations of stealing autonomous-car technology.

Question 24

rzekomo

Answer 24

allegedlyÂIt is being investigated for allegedly designing software to identify and evade transport regulators.

Question 25

unikać

Answer 25

to evadeIt is being investigated for allegedly designing software to identify and evade transport regulators.

Question 26

przypominający coś, przywołujący coś

Answer 26

reminiscent of sthMr Kalanick and his band of brothers created a workplace more reminiscent of a bar than a business.Â

Question 27

spóźniony

Answer 27

belatedUber is belatedly making efforts to fix things.

Question 28

podwładny

Answer 28

underlingThe firm will do other things differently, too: more performance reviews, less booze and no sex between a manager and an underling.

Question 29

nieokreślony, bezterminowy

Answer 29

indefiniteÂHe said this week that he will take an indefinite leave of absence, in part to grieve for his mother, who was killed in a recent accident, and in part to “work on himself”.Â

Question 30

winny, karygodny

Answer 30

culpableÂHe is culpable for its failings; its culture was created in his image.

Question 31

zbierać żniwo

Answer 31

to take a tollThe firm’s problems have started to take a toll.

Question 32

spędzać sen z powiek

Answer 32

to loom largeThe spectre of the past will continue to loom large, thanks to litigation and government probes.

Question 33

śledztwo

Answer 33

probeThe spectre of the past will continue to loom large, thanks to litigation and government probes.

Question 34

wyrządzić, zadać, zadawać

Answer 34

to inflictOne is that a tolerance of casual sexism can inflict real commercial damage.

Question 35

mieć się na baczności przed

Answer 35

to be wary ofAnother is to be wary of the power handed to founders.Â

Question 36

gafa

Answer 36

misstepUber’s missteps would have become clear much sooner with better governance and a visible share price.

Question 37

pot

Answer 37

pula, garnekTo compete with the Vision Fund’s pot of moolah, and with the forays of other unconventional investors, incumbents are having to bulk up.

Question 38

foray

Answer 38

najazdTo compete with the Vision Fund’s pot of moolah, and with the forays of other unconventional investors, incumbents are having to bulk up.

Question 39

to bulk up

Answer 39

budować mięśnie, zyskać masę ciałaTo compete with the Vision Fund’s pot of moolah, and with the forays of other unconventional investors, incumbents are having to bulk up.

Question 40

to be in short supply

Answer 40

brakowaćMr Son is also bringing capital to places where it is still in fairly short supply—to India, to South-East Asia and to several European countries.

Question 41

sheer

Answer 41

tu: sam; zwykły, kompletnyThe concept of portfolio companies collaborating is familiar from private equity, but the fund’s sheer breadth marks it out.

Question 42

to nurture

Answer 42

wspieraćAnd it may nurture competition against the tech giants.

Question 43

fraught with

Answer 43

pełen (czegoś), obarczony (czymś)HERMAN NARULA named his company Improbable for a business plan so outlandish and fraught with computing problems that only two outcomes are plausible.

Question 44

flop

Answer 44

fiasko, klapaBut even if the fund ends up flopping, it will have several lasting effects on technology investing.

Question 45

to deploy

Answer 45

rozlokowaćThe first is that the deployment of so much cash now will help shape the industries of the future.

Question 46

to outgun

Answer 46

pokonaćIts money, often handed to entrepreneurs in multiples of the amounts they initially demand and accompanied by the threat that the cash will go to the competition if they balk, gives startups the wherewithal to outgun worse-funded rivals.

Question 47

to notch up

Answer 47

zdobyćHe has notched up some triumphs in his career, including an early bet on Alibaba.

Question 48

singular

Answer 48

niezwykłyHis pursuit of the “singularity”, the point at which computer intelligence exceeds the human kind, might make him a visionary—or just an eccentric.

Question 49

gargantuan

Answer 49

olbrzymiThis combination of gargantuanism, grandiosity and guaranteed payouts may end up in financial disaster.

Question 50

grandiosity

Answer 50

pretensjonalnośćThis combination of gargantuanism, grandiosity and guaranteed payouts may end up in financial disaster.

Question 51

giddy

Answer 51

przyprawiający o zwrot głowyIndeed, the Vision Fund could mark the giddy top of the tech boom.

Question 52

pula, garnek

Answer 52

potTo compete with the Vision Fund’s pot of moolah, and with the forays of other unconventional investors, incumbents are having to bulk up.

Question 53

najazd

Answer 53

forayTo compete with the Vision Fund’s pot of moolah, and with the forays of other unconventional investors, incumbents are having to bulk up.

Question 54

budować mięśnie, zyskać masę ciała

Answer 54

to bulk upTo compete with the Vision Fund’s pot of moolah, and with the forays of other unconventional investors, incumbents are having to bulk up.

Question 55

brakować

Answer 55

to be in short supplyMr Son is also bringing capital to places where it is still in fairly short supply—to India, to South-East Asia and to several European countries.

Question 56

tu: sam; zwykły, kompletny

Answer 56

sheerThe concept of portfolio companies collaborating is familiar from private equity, but the fund’s sheer breadth marks it out.

Question 57

wspierać

Answer 57

to nurtureAnd it may nurture competition against the tech giants.

Question 58

pełen (czegoś), obarczony (czymś)

Answer 58

fraught withHERMAN NARULA named his company Improbable for a business plan so outlandish and fraught with computing problems that only two outcomes are plausible.

Question 59

fiasko, klapa

Answer 59

flopBut even if the fund ends up flopping, it will have several lasting effects on technology investing.

Question 60

rozlokować

Answer 60

to deployThe first is that the deployment of so much cash now will help shape the industries of the future.

Question 61

pokonać

Answer 61

to outgunIts money, often handed to entrepreneurs in multiples of the amounts they initially demand and accompanied by the threat that the cash will go to the competition if they balk, gives startups the wherewithal to outgun worse-funded rivals.

Question 62

zdobyć

Answer 62

to notch upHe has notched up some triumphs in his career, including an early bet on Alibaba.

Question 63

niezwykły

Answer 63

singularHis pursuit of the “singularity”, the point at which computer intelligence exceeds the human kind, might make him a visionary—or just an eccentric.

Question 64

olbrzymi

Answer 64

gargantuanThis combination of gargantuanism, grandiosity and guaranteed payouts may end up in financial disaster.

Question 65

pretensjonalność

Answer 65

grandiosityThis combination of gargantuanism, grandiosity and guaranteed payouts may end up in financial disaster.

Question 66

przyprawiający o zwrot głowy

Answer 66

giddy Indeed, the Vision Fund could mark the giddy top of the tech boom.

Question 67

to chuck

Answer 67

wyrzucićIf you no longer wanted it, you sold it or chucked it away.

Question 68

to muscle in

Answer 68

rozpychać się łokciami; wpychać się (np. do kolejki)Some firms found tricks to muscle in on the aftermarket, using warranties, authorised repair shops, and strategies such as selling cheap printers and expensive ink.

Question 69

aftermarket

Answer 69

rynek części zapasowych, zamienników i dodatkowych akcesoriów (także nieoryginalnych)Some firms found tricks to muscle in on the aftermarket, using warranties, authorised repair shops, and strategies such as selling cheap printers and expensive ink.

Question 70

to squeeze out

Answer 70

wyciskać (np. sok)But these ways of squeezing out more profit did not challenge the nature of what it means to be an owner.

Question 71

slippery

Answer 71

śliski; drażliwy; delikatny (np. o temacie rozmowy)In the digital age ownership has become more slippery.

Question 72

advent

Answer 72

pojawienie się, nadejścieSince the advent of smartphones, consumers have been forced to accept that they do not control the software in their devices; they are only licensed to use it.

Question 73

malign

Answer 73

zły, szkodliwy, wrogiThe trend is not always malign.

Question 74

to seek

Answer 74

starać się; usiłować; próbowaćManufacturers seeking to restrict what owners do with increasingly complex technology have good reasons to protect their copyright, ensure that their machines do not malfunction, uphold environmental standards and prevent hacking.

Question 75

to malfunction

Answer 75

psuć sięManufacturers seeking to restrict what owners do with increasingly complex technology have good reasons to protect their copyright, ensure that their machines do not malfunction, uphold environmental standards and prevent hacking.

Question 76

to uphold

Answer 76

przestrzegaćManufacturers seeking to restrict what owners do with increasingly complex technology have good reasons to protect their copyright, ensure that their machines do not malfunction, uphold environmental standards and prevent hacking.

Question 77

rudimentary

Answer 77

elementarny, pierwotnyAVA, a customer-service chatbot for Autodesk, has rudimentary emotional intelligence.

Question 78

proprietary

Answer 78

prawnie zastrzeżonyAlmost to the day 17 years ago Steve Ballmer, then boss of Microsoft, the world’s biggest software firm, called Linux a “cancer”, meaning that the open-source operating system would spell the death of proprietary software.

Question 79

to gobble up

Answer 79

wchÅ‚aniaćThe founder of SoftBank, a Japanese telecoms and internet firm, has put together an enormous investment fund that is busy gobbling up stakes in the world’s most exciting young companies.Â

Question 80

to disrupt

Answer 80

zdezorganizować, przerwać, zakłócićThe Vision Fund is disrupting both the industries in which it invests and other suppliers of capital.

Question 81

moolah

Answer 81

mamonaTo compete with the Vision Fund’s pot of moolah, and with the forays of other unconventional investors, incumbents are having to bulk up.

Question 82

wyrzucić

Answer 82

to chuckIf you no longer wanted it, you sold it or chucked it away.

Question 83

rozpychać się łokciami; wpychać się (np. do kolejki)

Answer 83

to muscle inSome firms found tricks to muscle in on the aftermarket, using warranties, authorised repair shops, and strategies such as selling cheap printers and expensive ink.

Question 84

rynek części zapasowych, zamienników i dodatkowych akcesoriów (także nieoryginalnych)

Answer 84

aftermarketSome firms found tricks to muscle in on the aftermarket, using warranties, authorised repair shops, and strategies such as selling cheap printers and expensive ink.

Question 85

wyciskać (np. sok)

Answer 85

to squeeze outBut these ways of squeezing out more profit did not challenge the nature of what it means to be an owner.

Question 86

śliski; drażliwy; delikatny (np. o temacie rozmowy)

Answer 86

slipperyIn the digital age ownership has become more slippery.

Question 87

pojawienie się, nadejście

Answer 87

adventSince the advent of smartphones, consumers have been forced to accept that they do not control the software in their devices; they are only licensed to use it.

Question 88

zły, szkodliwy, wrogi

Answer 88

malignThe trend is not always malign.

Question 89

starać się; usiłować; próbować

Answer 89

to seekManufacturers seeking to restrict what owners do with increasingly complex technology have good reasons to protect their copyright, ensure that their machines do not malfunction, uphold environmental standards and prevent hacking.

Question 90

psuć się

Answer 90

to malfunctionManufacturers seeking to restrict what owners do with increasingly complex technology have good reasons to protect their copyright, ensure that their machines do not malfunction, uphold environmental standards and prevent hacking.

Question 91

przestrzegać

Answer 91

to upholdManufacturers seeking to restrict what owners do with increasingly complex technology have good reasons to protect their copyright, ensure that their machines do not malfunction, uphold environmental standards and prevent hacking.

Question 92

elementarny, pierwotny

Answer 92

rudimentaryAVA, a customer-service chatbot for Autodesk, has rudimentary emotional intelligence.

Question 93

prawnie zastrzeżony

Answer 93

proprietaryAlmost to the day 17 years ago Steve Ballmer, then boss of Microsoft, the world’s biggest software firm, called Linux a “cancer”, meaning that the open-source operating system would spell the death of proprietary software.

Question 94

wchłaniać

Answer 94

to gobble upThe founder of SoftBank, a Japanese telecoms and internet firm, has put together an enormous investment fund that is busy gobbling up stakes in the world’s most exciting young companies.Â

Question 95

zdezorganizować, przerwać, zakłócić

Answer 95

to disruptThe Vision Fund is disrupting both the industries in which it invests and other suppliers of capital.

Question 96

mamona

Answer 96

moolahTo compete with the Vision Fund’s pot of moolah, and with the forays of other unconventional investors, incumbents are having to bulk up.

Question 97

watershed

Answer 97

punkt zwrotnyThe Year of Living Dangerously. Was 2014 a watershed?

Question 98

consensual

Answer 98

kompromisowyOne of their biggest concerns is “I don’t want to hurt you”… when in reality, I’m into it! (consensually).

Question 99

predicament

Answer 99

tarapatyWalter Russell Mead paints a disturbing portrait of the United States’ geopolitical predicament.

Question 100

to depict

Answer 100

przedstawićIt is a misreading of the logic and character of the existing world order, which is more stable and expansive than Mead depicts, leading him to overestimate the ability of the “axis of weevils” to undermine it.

Question 101

appealing

Answer 101

przyciągający; interesującyBut even these conflicts are fueled more by weakness—their leaders’ and regimes’—than by strength. They have no appealing brand.

Question 102

overriding

Answer 102

nadrzędneAnd when it comes to their overriding interests, Russia and, especially, China are deeply integrated into the world economy and its governing institutions.

Question 103

to enforce

Answer 103

egzekwowaćBut it has no enforcement mechanism and its decision-making process is highly politicized and easy for the manipulators to block.

Question 104

turf

Answer 104

teren, terytorium, obaszar wpływówEach coterie guards its turf jealously, and coordination between them is infrequent.

Question 105

shortcoming

Answer 105

brak, wadaTheir likes, dislikes, and even shortcomings are something they are thankful for.

Question 106

to strive

Answer 106

dążyć do czegoś, walczyć o coś, starać się, próbowaćNobody is perfect, but you should always strive to be better and to have more meaningful encounters with people.

Question 107

topical

Answer 107

tutaj: miejscowy; aktualnyShe had resigned herself to buying tube after tube of topical painkillers - until she discovered the menstrual cup.

Question 108

to discern

Answer 108

rozpoznaćA hundred years ago it was perhaps already possible to discern the rising powers whose interaction and competition would shape the 20th century.

Question 109

caveat

Answer 109

zastrzeżenieSo caveats abound. Yet as the years roll forward, the chances are that it will increasingly come down once again to the two Asian giants facing each other over a disputed border

Question 110

to burgeon

Answer 110

rosnąćWitness America’s alliances with Japan and South Korea, its legal obligation to help Taiwan defend itself and its burgeoning friendships with China’s rivals, notably India but also now Vietnam.

Question 111

to fall out

Answer 111

poróżnić sięRecent weeks have seen China fall out with South Korea (as well as the West) over how to respond to the sinking in March, apparently by a North Korean torpedo, of a South Korean navy ship.

Question 112

punkt zwrotny

Answer 112

watershedThe Year of Living Dangerously. Was 2014 a watershed?

Question 113

kompromisowy

Answer 113

consensualOne of their biggest concerns is “I don’t want to hurt you”… when in reality, I’m into it! (consensually).

Question 114

tarapaty

Answer 114

predicamentWalter Russell Mead paints a disturbing portrait of the United States’ geopolitical predicament.

Question 115

przedstawić

Answer 115

to depictIt is a misreading of the logic and character of the existing world order, which is more stable and expansive than Mead depicts, leading him to overestimate the ability of the “axis of weevils” to undermine it.

Question 116

przyciÄ…gajÄ…cy; interesujÄ…cy

Answer 116

appealingBut even these conflicts are fueled more by weakness—their leaders’ and regimes’—than by strength. They have no appealing brand.

Question 117

nadrzędne

Answer 117

overridingAnd when it comes to their overriding interests, Russia and, especially, China are deeply integrated into the world economy and its governing institutions.

Question 118

egzekwować

Answer 118

to enforceBut it has no enforcement mechanism and its decision-making process is highly politicized and easy for the manipulators to block.

Question 119

teren, terytorium, obaszar wpływów

Answer 119

turfEach coterie guards its turf jealously, and coordination between them is infrequent.

Question 120

brak, wada

Answer 120

shortcomingTheir likes, dislikes, and even shortcomings are something they are thankful for.

Question 121

dążyć do czegoś, walczyć o coś, starać się, próbować

Answer 121

to striveNobody is perfect, but you should always strive to be better and to have more meaningful encounters with people.

Question 122

tutaj: miejscowy; aktualny

Answer 122

topicalShe had resigned herself to buying tube after tube of topical painkillers - until she discovered the menstrual cup.

Question 123

rozpoznać

Answer 123

to discernA hundred years ago it was perhaps already possible to discern the rising powers whose interaction and competition would shape the 20th century.

Question 124

zastrzeżenie

Answer 124

caveatSo caveats abound. Yet as the years roll forward, the chances are that it will increasingly come down once again to the two Asian giants facing each other over a disputed border

Question 125

rosnąć

Answer 125

to burgeonWitness America’s alliances with Japan and South Korea, its legal obligation to help Taiwan defend itself and its burgeoning friendships with China’s rivals, notably India but also now Vietnam.

Question 126

poróżnić się

Answer 126

to fall outRecent weeks have seen China fall out with South Korea (as well as the West) over how to respond to the sinking in March, apparently by a North Korean torpedo, of a South Korean navy ship.

Question 127

to conceive

Answer 127

pojąćIt is no longer inconceivable that its growth could outpace China’s for a considerable time.

Question 128

bargaining chip

Answer 128

karta przetargowaIt has the territory it really wants and has maintained its claim to Arunachal Pradesh only as a bargaining chip.

Question 129

bout

Answer 129

atakGripped by a bout of madness, they overpaid for firms at the top of the economic cycle and loaded them with too much debt.

Question 130

murky

Answer 130

mrocznyUnsurprisingly, clients are disillusioned. Measuring performance is a depressingly murky affair, but the typical endowment or pension fund saw its private-equity holdings drop by 20-30% in fiscal 2009 alone, and their illiquidity also proved a serious pain during the crisis.

Question 131

endowment

Answer 131

fundacjaUnsurprisingly, clients are disillusioned. Measuring performance is a depressingly murky affair, but the typical endowment or pension fund saw its private-equity holdings drop by 20-30% in fiscal 2009 alone, and their illiquidity also proved a serious pain during the crisis.

Question 132

prickly

Answer 132

kąśliwy; złośliwyThe prickly inner confidence that most buy-out firms have in their DNA can seem insular when applied to other fields.

Question 133

vintage

Answer 133

rocznik (wina)Blackstone’s 2003 buy-out fund had a net internal rate of return (IRR) of nearly 40%. The 2006 vintage had a net IRR of -11.2% as of March.

Question 134

to abound

Answer 134

obfitować; tu: się mnożyć sięHe’s drawing rock star crowds, but questions abound. As this issue went to press, it was unclear what team he would be riding for when the Tour begins on July 4 in Monaco.

Question 135

superstition

Answer 135

przesÄ…dArmstrong imported industrial-grade efficiency to a romantic sport rich with superstition. He left nothing to chance: Training was no-expenses-spared, beta teammates were handpicked to serve the Lance alpha, every inch of body and bike was examined in a wind tunnel to reduce aerodynamic drag.

Question 136

to rankle

Answer 136

nurtować, dręczyćStill, the media hype over “clean teams” seemed to rankle Armstrong, as if the subtext was that all others were dirty.

Question 137

pristine

Answer 137

dziewiczyHe’d hired Catlin, he said, to publish his drug test results online. You want a clean rider? Armstrong appeared to be saying. I’ll give you pristine.

Question 138

deadbeat

Answer 138

leń, skonanyAs a protest, Astana’s riders at the Giro start wearing uniforms that obscure the logos of their deadbeat underwriters. Armstrong begins scrambling to find new sponsors, and it’s possible he’ll be riding for a new team for the Tour de France. Meanwhile, rumors are flying that Contador will jump to another team.

Question 139

underwriter

Answer 139

gwarant, ubezpieczyciel, asekurantAs a protest, Astana’s riders at the Giro start wearing uniforms that obscure the logos of their deadbeat underwriters. Armstrong begins scrambling to find new sponsors, and it’s possible he’ll be riding for a new team for the Tour de France. Meanwhile, rumors are flying that Contador will jump to another team.

Question 140

to scramble

Answer 140

ubiegać sięAs a protest, Astana’s riders at the Giro start wearing uniforms that obscure the logos of their deadbeat underwriters. Armstrong begins scrambling to find new sponsors, and it’s possible he’ll be riding for a new team for the Tour de France. Meanwhile, rumors are flying that Contador will jump to another team.

Question 141

merit

Answer 141

zasługaAnd because India does not threaten the West, it has powerful friends both on its own merits and as a counterweight to China.

Question 142

pojąć

Answer 142

to conceiveIt is no longer inconceivable that its growth could outpace China’s for a considerable time.

Question 143

karta przetargowa

Answer 143

bargaining chipIt has the territory it really wants and has maintained its claim to Arunachal Pradesh only as a bargaining chip.

Question 144

atak

Answer 144

boutGripped by a bout of madness, they overpaid for firms at the top of the economic cycle and loaded them with too much debt.

Question 145

mroczny

Answer 145

murkyUnsurprisingly, clients are disillusioned. Measuring performance is a depressingly murky affair, but the typical endowment or pension fund saw its private-equity holdings drop by 20-30% in fiscal 2009 alone, and their illiquidity also proved a serious pain during the crisis.

Question 146

fundacja

Answer 146

endowmentUnsurprisingly, clients are disillusioned. Measuring performance is a depressingly murky affair, but the typical endowment or pension fund saw its private-equity holdings drop by 20-30% in fiscal 2009 alone, and their illiquidity also proved a serious pain during the crisis.

Question 147

kąśliwy; złośliwy

Answer 147

pricklyThe prickly inner confidence that most buy-out firms have in their DNA can seem insular when applied to other fields.

Question 148

rocznik (wina)

Answer 148

vintageBlackstone’s 2003 buy-out fund had a net internal rate of return (IRR) of nearly 40%. The 2006 vintage had a net IRR of -11.2% as of March.

Question 149

obfitować; tu: się mnożyć się

Answer 149

to aboundHe’s drawing rock star crowds, but questions abound. As this issue went to press, it was unclear what team he would be riding for when the Tour begins on July 4 in Monaco.

Question 150

przesÄ…d

Answer 150

superstitionArmstrong imported industrial-grade efficiency to a romantic sport rich with superstition. He left nothing to chance: Training was no-expenses-spared, beta teammates were handpicked to serve the Lance alpha, every inch of body and bike was examined in a wind tunnel to reduce aerodynamic drag.

Question 151

nurtować, dręczyć

Answer 151

to rankleStill, the media hype over “clean teams” seemed to rankle Armstrong, as if the subtext was that all others were dirty.

Question 152

dziewiczy

Answer 152

pristineHe’d hired Catlin, he said, to publish his drug test results online. You want a clean rider? Armstrong appeared to be saying. I’ll give you pristine.

Question 153

leń, skonany

Answer 153

deadbeatAs a protest, Astana’s riders at the Giro start wearing uniforms that obscure the logos of their deadbeat underwriters. Armstrong begins scrambling to find new sponsors, and it’s possible he’ll be riding for a new team for the Tour de France. Meanwhile, rumors are flying that Contador will jump to another team.

Question 154

gwarant, ubezpieczyciel, asekurant

Answer 154

underwriterAs a protest, Astana’s riders at the Giro start wearing uniforms that obscure the logos of their deadbeat underwriters. Armstrong begins scrambling to find new sponsors, and it’s possible he’ll be riding for a new team for the Tour de France. Meanwhile, rumors are flying that Contador will jump to another team.

Question 155

ubiegać się

Answer 155

to scrambleAs a protest, Astana’s riders at the Giro start wearing uniforms that obscure the logos of their deadbeat underwriters. Armstrong begins scrambling to find new sponsors, and it’s possible he’ll be riding for a new team for the Tour de France. Meanwhile, rumors are flying that Contador will jump to another team.

Question 156

zasługa

Answer 156

meritAnd because India does not threaten the West, it has powerful friends both on its own merits and as a counterweight to China.

Question 157

relevant

Answer 157

istotnyIt is giving new opportunities to entrepreneurs and forcing Silicon Valley’s best to stay relevant

Question 158

outright

Answer 158

absolutny, niekwestionowany As the British entrepreneur tells it, the result will be outright failure or success unmatched.

Question 159

immersive

Answer 159

wciÄ…gajÄ…cyHe wants to create virtual worlds as detailed, immersive and persistent as reality, where millions of people can live as their true selves, earn their main income and interact with artificially intelligent robots.Â

Question 160

outsize

Answer 160

bardzo duży, nietypowej wielkościAn outsize investment in an unconventional business is typical of a fund that itself is both vast and resistant to definition.

Question 161

brainchild

Answer 161

pomysł, owoc wyobraźniIt is the brainchild of Masayoshi Son, an unusually risk-loving Japanese telecoms and internet entrepreneur.

Question 162

to eschew

Answer 162

unikać, powstrzymać się (od czegoś)It eschews many of the practices of private-equity funds, such as shaking up management and applying plenty of debt.

Question 163

mind-boggling

Answer 163

zadziwiający, niesamowityThis is partly because of his belief in mind-boggling futuristic scenarios such as the “singularity”, when computer intelligence is meant to overtake the human kind.

Question 164

to shy away

Answer 164

cofać się, wzbraniać sięBut it is also because Mr Son’s method is to do things rapidly and on a scale other investors would shy away from.

Question 165

old hand

Answer 165

stary wygaMany old hands of the tech industry snootily dismiss his bets on Yahoo and Alibaba as flukes.

Question 166

fluke

Answer 166

fuksMany old hands of the tech industry snootily dismiss his bets on Yahoo and Alibaba as flukes.

Question 167

bent

Answer 167

skłonnośćMr Son is bent on proving them wrong.

Question 168

to beat a retreat

Answer 168

dać sygnał do odwrotuHe spent a decade focusing on SoftBank’s Japanese telecoms and internet-infrastructure businesses and on trying to turn around struggling Sprint, an American mobile-phone operator acquired in 2013 (on April 29th Mr Son beat a retreat, agreeing to merge it with T-Mobile to create an enterprise worth $146bn)

Question 169

to wean off

Answer 169

odzwyczaić sięMuhammad bin Salman, now Saudi Arabia’s crown prince, was preparing to launch a programme to wean the country off oil and diversify the economy.

Question 170

sales pitch

Answer 170

zachwalanie towaru przez sprzedawcę, pozyskiwanie klientaMr Son’s sales pitch on how he could use the kingdom’s wealth to grab a stake in future technologies, rather than buying the usual Western trophy assets, saw him leave with a pledge of $45bn.

Question 171

to set about

Answer 171

przystÄ…pić [do czegoÅ›]Having amassed the wherewithal, Mr Son set about collecting stakes.Â

Question 172

istotny

Answer 172

relevantIt is giving new opportunities to entrepreneurs and forcing Silicon Valley’s best to stay relevant

Question 173

absolutny, niekwestionowany

Answer 173

outrightAs the British entrepreneur tells it, the result will be outright failure or success unmatched.

Question 174

wciÄ…gajÄ…cy

Answer 174

immersiveHe wants to create virtual worlds as detailed, immersive and persistent as reality, where millions of people can live as their true selves, earn their main income and interact with artificially intelligent robots.Â

Question 175

bardzo duży, nietypowej wielkości

Answer 175

outsizeAn outsize investment in an unconventional business is typical of a fund that itself is both vast and resistant to definition.

Question 176

pomysł, owoc wyobraźni

Answer 176

brainchild It is the brainchild of Masayoshi Son, an unusually risk-loving Japanese telecoms and internet entrepreneur.

Question 177

unikać, powstrzymać się (od czegoś)

Answer 177

to eschewIt eschews many of the practices of private-equity funds, such as shaking up management and applying plenty of debt.

Question 178

zadziwiajÄ…cy, niesamowity

Answer 178

mind-bogglingThis is partly because of his belief in mind-boggling futuristic scenarios such as the “singularity”, when computer intelligence is meant to overtake the human kind.

Question 179

cofać się, wzbraniać się

Answer 179

to shy awayBut it is also because Mr Son’s method is to do things rapidly and on a scale other investors would shy away from.

Question 180

stary wyga

Answer 180

old handMany old hands of the tech industry snootily dismiss his bets on Yahoo and Alibaba as flukes.

Question 181

fuks

Answer 181

flukeMany old hands of the tech industry snootily dismiss his bets on Yahoo and Alibaba as flukes.

Question 182

skłonność

Answer 182

bentMr Son is bent on proving them wrong.

Question 183

dać sygnał do odwrotu

Answer 183

to beat a retreatHe spent a decade focusing on SoftBank’s Japanese telecoms and internet-infrastructure businesses and on trying to turn around struggling Sprint, an American mobile-phone operator acquired in 2013 (on April 29th Mr Son beat a retreat, agreeing to merge it with T-Mobile to create an enterprise worth $146bn)

Question 184

odzwyczaić się

Answer 184

to wean offMuhammad bin Salman, now Saudi Arabia’s crown prince, was preparing to launch a programme to wean the country off oil and diversify the economy.

Question 185

zachwalanie towaru przez sprzedawcÄ™, pozyskiwanie klienta

Answer 185

sales pitchMr Son’s sales pitch on how he could use the kingdom’s wealth to grab a stake in future technologies, rather than buying the usual Western trophy assets, saw him leave with a pledge of $45bn.

Question 186

przystąpić [do czegoś]

Answer 186

to set aboutHaving amassed the wherewithal, Mr Son set about collecting stakes.Â

Question 187

to startle

Answer 187

zaskoczyćAbout three hours into the trading day, Mr. Musk startled investors by writing on Twitter: “Am considering taking Tesla private at $420. Funding secured.”

Question 188

guessing game

Answer 188

zgadywankaIt immediately set off a guessing game of where Mr. Musk would get the funds.

Question 189

to break the news [to sb]

Answer 189

powiadomićThe way Mr. Musk broke the news added to the drama, disclosing in a casually worded tweet the prospect of a buyout that would be an enormously complicated transaction for a company struggling to generate cash.

Question 190

comprehensive

Answer 190

wyczerpujÄ…cy, obszernyCompanies usually spell out the details of such proposed complex transactions in comprehensive, lawyered documents.

Question 191

testy

Answer 191

rozdrażniony, drażliwyThe surprise tweets on Tuesday came as Mr. Musk’s long-combative stance against Tesla’s short sellers has grown testier in recent months.

Question 192

to ramp up

Answer 192

zwiększyćMr. Musk has been embattled for several months amid investor concern over whether the company’s Fremont, Calif., factory can ramp up production of the Model 3 sedan.

Question 193

plaintiff

Answer 193

powódka, powódRegulators, who unlike private plaintiffs can subpoena information before filing a lawsuit, could examine the facts behind Mr. Musk’s statement if Tesla doesn’t follow through with regulatory filings that explain the terms of the deal.

Question 194

to subpoenaÂ

Answer 194

wezwać do sąduRegulators, who unlike private plaintiffs can subpoena information before filing a lawsuit, could examine the facts behind Mr. Musk’s statement if Tesla doesn’t follow through with regulatory filings that explain the terms of the deal.

Question 195

mundane

Answer 195

przyziemnyTesla bulls and bears can surely agree on one thing: Chief Executive Elon Musk is capable of making the surreal seem mundane.

Question 196

to beckon

Answer 196

kusić, wabićBeckoning the barbarians.

Question 197

madcap

Answer 197

ekscentrykElon Musk’s latest madcap scheme: taking Tesla private.

Question 198

to exasperate

Answer 198

irytować“I wish we could be private with Tesla.” So said an exasperated and exhausted Elon Musk to Rolling Stone last November.

Question 199

whiz

Answer 199

bystrzakOf late Mr Musk says his company has been in “production hell” trying to increase output of the Model 3, a whizzy mass-market saloon.

Question 200

to deride

Answer 200

szydzić [z kogoś, czegoś]Feeling the heat, Mr Musk earlier this year lashed out at share analysts for “bonehead” questions, and has derided the army of short sellers targeting it.

Question 201

zaskoczyć

Answer 201

to startleAbout three hours into the trading day, Mr. Musk startled investors by writing on Twitter: “Am considering taking Tesla private at $420. Funding secured.”

Question 202

zgadywanka

Answer 202

guessing gameIt immediately set off a guessing game of where Mr. Musk would get the funds.

Question 203

powiadomić

Answer 203

to break the news [to sb]The way Mr. Musk broke the news added to the drama, disclosing in a casually worded tweet the prospect of a buyout that would be an enormously complicated transaction for a company struggling to generate cash.

Question 204

wyczerpujÄ…cy, obszerny

Answer 204

comprehensiveCompanies usually spell out the details of such proposed complex transactions in comprehensive, lawyered documents.

Question 205

rozdrażniony, drażliwy

Answer 205

testyThe surprise tweets on Tuesday came as Mr. Musk’s long-combative stance against Tesla’s short sellers has grown testier in recent months.

Question 206

zwiększyć

Answer 206

to ramp upMr. Musk has been embattled for several months amid investor concern over whether the company’s Fremont, Calif., factory can ramp up production of the Model 3 sedan.

Question 207

powódka, powód

Answer 207

plaintiffRegulators, who unlike private plaintiffs can subpoena information before filing a lawsuit, could examine the facts behind Mr. Musk’s statement if Tesla doesn’t follow through with regulatory filings that explain the terms of the deal.

Question 208

wezwać do sądu

Answer 208

to subpoenaÂRegulators, who unlike private plaintiffs can subpoena information before filing a lawsuit, could examine the facts behind Mr. Musk’s statement if Tesla doesn’t follow through with regulatory filings that explain the terms of the deal.

Question 209

przyziemny

Answer 209

mundaneTesla bulls and bears can surely agree on one thing: Chief Executive Elon Musk is capable of making the surreal seem mundane.

Question 210

kusić, wabić

Answer 210

to beckonBeckoning the barbarians.

Question 211

ekscentryk

Answer 211

madcapElon Musk’s latest madcap scheme: taking Tesla private.

Question 212

irytować

Answer 212

to exasperate“I wish we could be private with Tesla.” So said an exasperated and exhausted Elon Musk to Rolling Stone last November.

Question 213

bystrzak

Answer 213

whizOf late Mr Musk says his company has been in “production hell” trying to increase output of the Model 3, a whizzy mass-market saloon.

Question 214

szydzić [z kogoś, czegoś]

Answer 214

to derideFeeling the heat, Mr Musk earlier this year lashed out at share analysts for “bonehead” questions, and has derided the army of short sellers targeting it.

Question 215

to bear out

Answer 215

potwierdzaćThey will be watching to see if his claim of having “funding secured” is borne out

Question 216

to contend with

Answer 216

zmagać się zGoogle would need to contend with other obstacles.

Question 217

prerequisite

Answer 217

wymógWhen Google announced in 2010 that it would no longer censor results on its Chinese service, a prerequisite for operating in the communist state, internet users laid flowers at the search giant’s Beijing headquarters to mourn its exit.

Question 218

news outlet

Answer 218

serwis informacyjnyThe extent of this blacklist is unknown, even to local internet firms, and it is constantly mutating. It includes social-media websites, like Twitter and Facebook, and news outlets (including The Economist).

Question 219

to elicit

Answer 219

wywoływaćBig technology firms elicit extreme and conflicting reactions.

Question 220

to morph

Answer 220

przeistaczać sięSince its founding in 1997, the company has morphed from a DVD-rental service to a streaming-video upstart to the world’s first global TV powerhouse.

Question 221

powerhouse

Answer 221

potęgaSince its founding in 1997, the company has morphed from a DVD-rental service to a streaming-video upstart to the world’s first global TV powerhouse.

Question 222

heyday

Answer 222

najlepsze czasyIn the heyday of the talkie, Louis B. Mayer, head of the biggest studio, was Hollywood’s lion king.

Question 223

talkie

Answer 223

film z dzwiękiemIn the heyday of the talkie, Louis B. Mayer, head of the biggest studio, was Hollywood’s lion king.

Question 224

to be on the wane

Answer 224

słabnąćIn the 1980s, with the studio system on the wane, “superagent” Michael Ovitz was often described as the most powerful man in town.

Question 225

statement of intent

Answer 225

oświadczenie woliThe nine-figure statement of intent was widely derided as profligate, showing that Netflix might be a source of cash but scarcely offered serious competition.

Question 226

to deride

Answer 226

wyśmiewaćThe nine-figure statement of intent was widely derided as profligate, showing that Netflix might be a source of cash but scarcely offered serious competition.

Question 227

profligate

Answer 227

rozrzutnyThe nine-figure statement of intent was widely derided as profligate, showing that Netflix might be a source of cash but scarcely offered serious competition.

Question 228

in and of itself

Answer 228

samo w sobieInstead it has become an industry in and of itself

Question 229

to plough back

Answer 229

reinwestowaćWith an average subscription of $10 a month, those customers represent some $14bn in annual revenue which the company will plough straight back into programming, marketing and technology—along with billions more that it will borrow.

Question 230

potwierdzać

Answer 230

to bear outThey will be watching to see if his claim of having “funding secured” is borne out

Question 231

zmagać się z

Answer 231

to contend withGoogle would need to contend with other obstacles.

Question 232

wymóg

Answer 232

prerequisiteWhen Google announced in 2010 that it would no longer censor results on its Chinese service, a prerequisite for operating in the communist state, internet users laid flowers at the search giant’s Beijing headquarters to mourn its exit.

Question 233

serwis informacyjny

Answer 233

news outletThe extent of this blacklist is unknown, even to local internet firms, and it is constantly mutating. It includes social-media websites, like Twitter and Facebook, and news outlets (including The Economist).

Question 234

wywoływać

Answer 234

to elicitBig technology firms elicit extreme and conflicting reactions.

Question 235

przeistaczać się

Answer 235

to morphSince its founding in 1997, the company has morphed from a DVD-rental service to a streaming-video upstart to the world’s first global TV powerhouse.

Question 236

potęga

Answer 236

powerhouseSince its founding in 1997, the company has morphed from a DVD-rental service to a streaming-video upstart to the world’s first global TV powerhouse.

Question 237

najlepsze czasy

Answer 237

heydayIn the heyday of the talkie, Louis B. Mayer, head of the biggest studio, was Hollywood’s lion king.

Question 238

film z dzwiękiem

Answer 238

talkieIn the heyday of the talkie, Louis B. Mayer, head of the biggest studio, was Hollywood’s lion king.

Question 239

słabnąć

Answer 239

to be on the waneIn the 1980s, with the studio system on the wane, “superagent” Michael Ovitz was often described as the most powerful man in town.

Question 240

oświadczenie woli

Answer 240

statement of intentThe nine-figure statement of intent was widely derided as profligate, showing that Netflix might be a source of cash but scarcely offered serious competition.

Question 241

wyśmiewać

Answer 241

to derideThe nine-figure statement of intent was widely derided as profligate, showing that Netflix might be a source of cash but scarcely offered serious competition.

Question 242

rozrzutny

Answer 242

profligateThe nine-figure statement of intent was widely derided as profligate, showing that Netflix might be a source of cash but scarcely offered serious competition.

Question 243

samo w sobie

Answer 243

in and of itselfInstead it has become an industry in and of itself

Question 244

reinwestować

Answer 244

to plough backWith an average subscription of $10 a month, those customers represent some $14bn in annual revenue which the company will plough straight back into programming, marketing and technology—along with billions more that it will borrow.

Question 245

to entice

Answer 245

kusić, wabićEnticed by such prospects, the market values Netflix at $170bn, which is more than Disney.

Question 246

outlandish

Answer 246

dziwacznySome analysts see this as outlandish for a company which is spending far more than it collects in revenues, which has $8.5bn in debt and hasn’t even had that many hit programmes.

Question 247

reversal

Answer 247

zwrotFor Mr Bewkes that was quite a reversal.

Question 248

scorn

Answer 248

pogardaAt the beginning of this decade he poured scorn on the idea that Netflix could be a competitor, comparing it to the “Albanian army”.

Question 249

morsel

Answer 249

kÄ…sekThat company would need two things: a big, broad, frequently renewed range of programming; and an understanding of its consumers deep enough to serve up to each of them the morsels most likely to appeal.

Question 250

haste

Answer 250

pośpiechOne of the reasons that Netflix is spending in such haste is that Netflixonomics is a winner-takes-most proposition.

Question 251

to splash out

Answer 251

zaszalećIf you can provide them with entertainment they genuinely enjoy for that length of time, they will have little reason to pay anyone else for further screen-based entertainment—though they may splash out more for sport, and put up with adverts for news, real or fake.

Question 252

to put up

Answer 252

znosićIf you can provide them with entertainment they genuinely enjoy for that length of time, they will have little reason to pay anyone else for further screen-based entertainment—though they may splash out more for sport, and put up with adverts for news, real or fake.

Question 253

advert

Answer 253

reklamaIf you can provide them with entertainment they genuinely enjoy for that length of time, they will have little reason to pay anyone else for further screen-based entertainment—though they may splash out more for sport, and put up with adverts for news, real or fake.

Question 254

to drive up

Answer 254

powodować wzrostAnd the dash towards size has the helpful side-effect of driving up rivals’ production costs at the same time as it eats into their revenues.

Question 255

dash

Answer 255

wyścig, sprintAnd the dash towards size has the helpful side-effect of driving up rivals’ production costs at the same time as it eats into their revenues.

Question 256

on top of

Answer 256

opróczWith investors expecting further growth on top of that, its market value would be a lot higher.

Question 257

to pursue

Answer 257

realizować, wykonaćDecisions about what projects to pursue, and whether to make them, are up to the executives in Hollywood; Mr Sarandos has 20 people working for him who have the coveted power to “green light” a project.

Question 258

to covet

Answer 258

pożądaćDecisions about what projects to pursue, and whether to make them, are up to the executives in Hollywood; Mr Sarandos has 20 people working for him who have the coveted power to “green light” a project.

Question 259

boffin

Answer 259

specBut the boffins at headquarters in Los Gatos help set the budgets.

Question 260

kusić, wabić

Answer 260

to enticeEnticed by such prospects, the market values Netflix at $170bn, which is more than Disney.

Question 261

dziwaczny

Answer 261

outlandish Some analysts see this as outlandish for a company which is spending far more than it collects in revenues, which has $8.5bn in debt and hasn’t even had that many hit programmes.

Question 262

zwrot

Answer 262

reversalFor Mr Bewkes that was quite a reversal.

Question 263

pogarda

Answer 263

scornAt the beginning of this decade he poured scorn on the idea that Netflix could be a competitor, comparing it to the “Albanian army”.

Question 264

kÄ…sek

Answer 264

morselThat company would need two things: a big, broad, frequently renewed range of programming; and an understanding of its consumers deep enough to serve up to each of them the morsels most likely to appeal.

Question 265

pośpiech

Answer 265

hasteOne of the reasons that Netflix is spending in such haste is that Netflixonomics is a winner-takes-most proposition.

Question 266

zaszaleć

Answer 266

to splash outIf you can provide them with entertainment they genuinely enjoy for that length of time, they will have little reason to pay anyone else for further screen-based entertainment—though they may splash out more for sport, and put up with adverts for news, real or fake.

Question 267

znosić

Answer 267

to put upIf you can provide them with entertainment they genuinely enjoy for that length of time, they will have little reason to pay anyone else for further screen-based entertainment—though they may splash out more for sport, and put up with adverts for news, real or fake.

Question 268

reklama

Answer 268

advertIf you can provide them with entertainment they genuinely enjoy for that length of time, they will have little reason to pay anyone else for further screen-based entertainment—though they may splash out more for sport, and put up with adverts for news, real or fake.

Question 269

powodować wzrost

Answer 269

to drive upAnd the dash towards size has the helpful side-effect of driving up rivals’ production costs at the same time as it eats into their revenues.

Question 270

wyścig, sprint

Answer 270

dashAnd the dash towards size has the helpful side-effect of driving up rivals’ production costs at the same time as it eats into their revenues.

Question 271

oprócz

Answer 271

on top ofWith investors expecting further growth on top of that, its market value would be a lot higher.

Question 272

realizować, wykonać

Answer 272

to pursueDecisions about what projects to pursue, and whether to make them, are up to the executives in Hollywood; Mr Sarandos has 20 people working for him who have the coveted power to “green light” a project.

Question 273

pożądać

Answer 273

to covetDecisions about what projects to pursue, and whether to make them, are up to the executives in Hollywood; Mr Sarandos has 20 people working for him who have the coveted power to “green light” a project.

Question 274

spec

Answer 274

boffinBut the boffins at headquarters in Los Gatos help set the budgets.

Question 275

corny

Answer 275

kiczowatyOnce a show is ready for delivery, it is up to executives in Los Gatos like Todd Yellin, vice-president of product, to work out how to get it to the appropriate users and check that they are, in the corny parlance of the company, “delighted” by it.

Question 276

parlance

Answer 276

żargonOnce a show is ready for delivery, it is up to executives in Los Gatos like Todd Yellin, vice-president of product, to work out how to get it to the appropriate users and check that they are, in the corny parlance of the company, “delighted” by it.

Question 277

to tweak

Answer 277

poprawiaćThe choice can come down to details like the poster art, which Netflix tweaks algorithmically according to the aspects of a film or show that would appeal most to a given user.

Question 278

to turn down

Answer 278

odrzucićIts quantitative understanding, and personalised marketing, of niche projects has seen Netflix revive cancelled shows with loyal fan bases, such as “Gilmore Girls”, and take up shows others turned down, such as “The Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt”.

Question 279

to dispense [with]

Answer 279

zrezygnować [z czegoś]It has also led millions of American households to dispense with pay-TV.

Question 280

to commission

Answer 280

zamówićTo stay in the game, cable networks and other streaming services have commissioned hundreds of hours of high-quality scripted programming, providing an unprecedented glut of good television drama.

Question 281

glut

Answer 281

przesytTo stay in the game, cable networks and other streaming services have commissioned hundreds of hours of high-quality scripted programming, providing an unprecedented glut of good television drama.

Question 282

mark-up

Answer 282

podwyzka, narzutNetflix usually buys up exclusive worldwide rights to the shows it makes and acquires, paying a mark-up over production costs.

Question 283

to forgo

Answer 283

rezygnowaćCreators forgo lucrative licensing of their shows to secondary markets because, in Netflixonomics, there are no secondary markets.

Question 284

to unwind

Answer 284

rozwijać [się]It is investing more in shows developed outside America, too, and unwinding partnerships with foreign distributors so that it can stream its own wares worldwide.

Question 285

ware

Answer 285

wyrobyIt is investing more in shows developed outside America, too, and unwinding partnerships with foreign distributors so that it can stream its own wares worldwide.

Question 286

to pull off

Answer 286

ściągaćDisney is pulling its films off Netflix and launching its own streaming service next year, hoping that its roster of Pixar, Marvel and “Star Wars” movies, not to mention copious princesses, gives it a must-have edge.

Question 287

roster

Answer 287

wykaz; lista; spisDisney is pulling its films off Netflix and launching its own streaming service next year, hoping that its roster of Pixar, Marvel and “Star Wars” movies, not to mention copious princesses, gives it a must-have edge.

Question 288

copious

Answer 288

obfityDisney is pulling its films off Netflix and launching its own streaming service next year, hoping that its roster of Pixar, Marvel and “Star Wars” movies, not to mention copious princesses, gives it a must-have edge.

Question 289

precedence

Answer 289

pierszeństwoIn markets that lack net-neutrality protections (such as America), dominant internet providers might decide to give their own streaming services precedence over Netflix.

Question 290

kiczowaty

Answer 290

cornyOnce a show is ready for delivery, it is up to executives in Los Gatos like Todd Yellin, vice-president of product, to work out how to get it to the appropriate users and check that they are, in the corny parlance of the company, “delighted” by it.

Question 291

żargon

Answer 291

parlanceOnce a show is ready for delivery, it is up to executives in Los Gatos like Todd Yellin, vice-president of product, to work out how to get it to the appropriate users and check that they are, in the corny parlance of the company, “delighted” by it.

Question 292

poprawiać

Answer 292

to tweakThe choice can come down to details like the poster art, which Netflix tweaks algorithmically according to the aspects of a film or show that would appeal most to a given user.

Question 293

odrzucić

Answer 293

to turn downIts quantitative understanding, and personalised marketing, of niche projects has seen Netflix revive cancelled shows with loyal fan bases, such as “Gilmore Girls”, and take up shows others turned down, such as “The Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt”.

Question 294

zrezygnować [z czegoś]

Answer 294

to dispense [with]It has also led millions of American households to dispense with pay-TV.

Question 295

zamówić

Answer 295

to commissionTo stay in the game, cable networks and other streaming services have commissioned hundreds of hours of high-quality scripted programming, providing an unprecedented glut of good television drama.

Question 296

przesyt

Answer 296

glutTo stay in the game, cable networks and other streaming services have commissioned hundreds of hours of high-quality scripted programming, providing an unprecedented glut of good television drama.

Question 297

podwyzka, narzut

Answer 297

mark-upNetflix usually buys up exclusive worldwide rights to the shows it makes and acquires, paying a mark-up over production costs.

Question 298

rezygnować

Answer 298

to forgoCreators forgo lucrative licensing of their shows to secondary markets because, in Netflixonomics, there are no secondary markets.

Question 299

rozwijać [się]

Answer 299

to unwindIt is investing more in shows developed outside America, too, and unwinding partnerships with foreign distributors so that it can stream its own wares worldwide.

Question 300

wyroby

Answer 300

wareIt is investing more in shows developed outside America, too, and unwinding partnerships with foreign distributors so that it can stream its own wares worldwide.

Question 301

ściągać

Answer 301

to pull offDisney is pulling its films off Netflix and launching its own streaming service next year, hoping that its roster of Pixar, Marvel and “Star Wars” movies, not to mention copious princesses, gives it a must-have edge.

Question 302

wykaz; lista; spis

Answer 302

rosterDisney is pulling its films off Netflix and launching its own streaming service next year, hoping that its roster of Pixar, Marvel and “Star Wars” movies, not to mention copious princesses, gives it a must-have edge.

Question 303

obfity

Answer 303

copiousDisney is pulling its films off Netflix and launching its own streaming service next year, hoping that its roster of Pixar, Marvel and “Star Wars” movies, not to mention copious princesses, gives it a must-have edge.

Question 304

pierszeństwo

Answer 304

precedenceIn markets that lack net-neutrality protections (such as America), dominant internet providers might decide to give their own streaming services precedence over Netflix.

Question 305

about-face

Answer 305

zwrot, obrót, zwrot o 180 stopni, woltaAware of such risks, the company is increasingly persuading internet and pay-TV distributors like Comcast, T-Mobile and Sky to bundle its service with theirs, an about-face for some of these incumbents.

Question 306

slur

Answer 306

oszczerstwoNetflix dropped Mr Spacey from “House of Cards” after allegations of sexual misconduct and recently got rid of a senior executive over his use of a racial slur; there is no way to insure against future scandals.

Question 307

putative

Answer 307

domniemanyAnd if the economy were to turn, reducing both consumers’ appetite for paid entertainment and investors’ appetite for junk bonds, a company which is valued entirely on the basis of putative profits after 2022 would be badly hit.

Question 308

to eat into

Answer 308

nadgryźćSuch a setback would slow Netflix’s growth—and give deep-pocketed competitors like Amazon or Apple time to eat into its leads in inventory, tied-up talent and personalisation.

Question 309

setback

Answer 309

komplikacja, niepowodzenieSome think that, even without such a setback, Netflix’s prospects are being exaggerated.

Question 310

malicious

Answer 310

złośliwyIt was not supposed to be this way. Bitcoin, the first and still the most popular cryptocurrency, began life as a techno-anarchist project to create an online version of cash, a way for people to transact without the possibility of interference from malicious governments or banks.

Question 311

proponent

Answer 311

orędownikProponents believe these features can help solve all sorts of problems, from streamlining bank payments and guaranteeing the provenance of medicines to securing property rights and providing unforgeable identity documents for refugees.

Question 312

to streamline

Answer 312

usprawnićProponents believe these features can help solve all sorts of problems, from streamlining bank payments and guaranteeing the provenance of medicines to securing property rights and providing unforgeable identity documents for refugees.

Question 313

provenance

Answer 313

pochodzenieProponents believe these features can help solve all sorts of problems, from streamlining bank payments and guaranteeing the provenance of medicines to securing property rights and providing unforgeable identity documents for refugees.

Question 314

to stoke

Answer 314

podsycaćMany are made by cryptocurrency speculators, who hope that stoking excitement around blockchains will boost the value of their related cryptocurrency holdings.

Question 315

to shuttle

Answer 315

kursowaćAnd shuttling data continuously between users makes them slower than conventional databases.

Question 316

on the face of it

Answer 316

na pierwszy rzut okaOn the face of it, that hardly matters: Google+ is a ghost town.

Question 317

at length

Answer 317

szczegółowoPerhaps to soften such accusations, the rest of the blog post talked at length about better privacy protections for users of Google’s other products.

Question 318

to come into force

Answer 318

wchodzić w życieThe EU’s General Data Protection Regulation came into force in May, two months after Google found its bug; it requires firms to disclose data breaches within 72 hours or face steep fines.

Question 319

hen

Answer 319

kuraThe foxes have decided their best bet is to try to help build the henhouse.

Question 320

zwrot, obrót, zwrot o 180 stopni, wolta

Answer 320

about-faceAware of such risks, the company is increasingly persuading internet and pay-TV distributors like Comcast, T-Mobile and Sky to bundle its service with theirs, an about-face for some of these incumbents.

Question 321

oszczerstwo

Answer 321

slurNetflix dropped Mr Spacey from “House of Cards” after allegations of sexual misconduct and recently got rid of a senior executive over his use of a racial slur; there is no way to insure against future scandals.

Question 322

domniemany

Answer 322

putativeAnd if the economy were to turn, reducing both consumers’ appetite for paid entertainment and investors’ appetite for junk bonds, a company which is valued entirely on the basis of putative profits after 2022 would be badly hit.

Question 323

nadgryźć

Answer 323

to eat intoSuch a setback would slow Netflix’s growth—and give deep-pocketed competitors like Amazon or Apple time to eat into its leads in inventory, tied-up talent and personalisation.

Question 324

komplikacja, niepowodzenie

Answer 324

setbackSome think that, even without such a setback, Netflix’s prospects are being exaggerated.

Question 325

złośliwy

Answer 325

maliciousIt was not supposed to be this way. Bitcoin, the first and still the most popular cryptocurrency, began life as a techno-anarchist project to create an online version of cash, a way for people to transact without the possibility of interference from malicious governments or banks.

Question 326

orędownik

Answer 326

proponentProponents believe these features can help solve all sorts of problems, from streamlining bank payments and guaranteeing the provenance of medicines to securing property rights and providing unforgeable identity documents for refugees.

Question 327

usprawnić

Answer 327

to streamlineProponents believe these features can help solve all sorts of problems, from streamlining bank payments and guaranteeing the provenance of medicines to securing property rights and providing unforgeable identity documents for refugees.

Question 328

pochodzenie

Answer 328

provenanceProponents believe these features can help solve all sorts of problems, from streamlining bank payments and guaranteeing the provenance of medicines to securing property rights and providing unforgeable identity documents for refugees.

Question 329

podsycać

Answer 329

to stokeMany are made by cryptocurrency speculators, who hope that stoking excitement around blockchains will boost the value of their related cryptocurrency holdings.

Question 330

kursować

Answer 330

to shuttleAnd shuttling data continuously between users makes them slower than conventional databases.

Question 331

na pierwszy rzut oka

Answer 331

on the face of itOn the face of it, that hardly matters: Google+ is a ghost town.

Question 332

szczegółowo

Answer 332

at lengthPerhaps to soften such accusations, the rest of the blog post talked at length about better privacy protections for users of Google’s other products.

Question 333

wchodzić w życie

Answer 333

to come into forceThe EU’s General Data Protection Regulation came into force in May, two months after Google found its bug; it requires firms to disclose data breaches within 72 hours or face steep fines.

Question 334

kura

Answer 334

henThe foxes have decided their best bet is to try to help build the henhouse.

Question 335

to let go of

Answer 335

puścićletting go of the wheel. Elon Musk’s grip on Tesla loosens.

Question 336

oft

Answer 336

częstoThe resulting surge in Tesla’s share price, and Mr Musk’s oft-stated desire to “burn” the short sellers that have targeted his firm, stoked the SEC’s anger.

Question 337

to iron out

Answer 337

rozwiązaćBut Tesla still has big distribution problems to iron out.

Question 338

the nuts and bolts [of sth]

Answer 338

praktyczne aspekty [czegoÅ›]But the idea of appointing a new chief operating officer to oversee the nuts and bolts of the business has long hung in the air.

Question 339

hands-off

Answer 339

z dalaThe day-to-day running of SpaceX, his thriving rocket business, is handled by Gwynne Shotwell, a talented aerospace veteran, with Mr Musk taking more of a hands-off role

Question 340

steep

Answer 340

wygórowana (cena)On August 7th it announced it had managed to raise $2.3 billion in the capital markets, although at a steep price.

Question 341

tattered

Answer 341

nadszarpniętyInvestors will take a lot of convincing that it is fully seaworthy, having looked so tattered just days ago

Question 342

wistful

Answer 342

smutnyIn quiet moments veteran hedge-fund managers sound a little wistful these days.

Question 343

accolade

Answer 343

zaszczytThe accolades bestowed upon Alan Greenspan ahead of his retirement on January 31st have a strong whiff of irrational exuberance.

Question 344

myopia

Answer 344

krótkowzrocznośćMonetary myopia

Question 345

to bestow

Answer 345

obdarzaćThe accolades bestowed upon Alan Greenspan ahead of his retirement on January 31st have a strong whiff of irrational exuberance.

Question 346

exuberance

Answer 346

wylewnośćThe accolades bestowed upon Alan Greenspan ahead of his retirement on January 31st have a strong whiff of irrational exuberance.

Question 347

tenure

Answer 347

etatAnd after the accolades have faded, what will economists conclude about his tenure?

Question 348

dodgy

Answer 348

ryzykownyFrom dodgy American mortgages to the British high street

Question 349

to taint

Answer 349

skazićLike a toffee apple with a maggot inside, the debt markets have been tainted by their links with America’s subprime mortgage crisis.

Question 350

puścić

Answer 350

to let go ofletting go of the wheel. Elon Musk’s grip on Tesla loosens.

Question 351

często

Answer 351

oftThe resulting surge in Tesla’s share price, and Mr Musk’s oft-stated desire to “burn” the short sellers that have targeted his firm, stoked the SEC’s anger.

Question 352

rozwiązać

Answer 352

to iron outBut Tesla still has big distribution problems to iron out.

Question 353

praktyczne aspekty [czegoÅ›]

Answer 353

the nuts and bolts [of sth]But the idea of appointing a new chief operating officer to oversee the nuts and bolts of the business has long hung in the air.

Question 354

z dala

Answer 354

hands-off The day-to-day running of SpaceX, his thriving rocket business, is handled by Gwynne Shotwell, a talented aerospace veteran, with Mr Musk taking more of a hands-off role

Question 355

wygórowana (cena)

Answer 355

steepOn August 7th it announced it had managed to raise $2.3 billion in the capital markets, although at a steep price.

Question 356

nadszarpnięty

Answer 356

tatteredInvestors will take a lot of convincing that it is fully seaworthy, having looked so tattered just days ago

Question 357

smutny

Answer 357

wistfulIn quiet moments veteran hedge-fund managers sound a little wistful these days.

Question 358

zaszczyt

Answer 358

accoladeThe accolades bestowed upon Alan Greenspan ahead of his retirement on January 31st have a strong whiff of irrational exuberance.

Question 359

krótkowzroczność

Answer 359

myopiaMonetary myopia

Question 360

obdarzać

Answer 360

to bestowThe accolades bestowed upon Alan Greenspan ahead of his retirement on January 31st have a strong whiff of irrational exuberance.

Question 361

wylewność

Answer 361

exuberanceThe accolades bestowed upon Alan Greenspan ahead of his retirement on January 31st have a strong whiff of irrational exuberance.

Question 362

etat

Answer 362

tenureAnd after the accolades have faded, what will economists conclude about his tenure?

Question 363

ryzykowny

Answer 363

dodgyFrom dodgy American mortgages to the British high street

Question 364

skazić

Answer 364

to taintLike a toffee apple with a maggot inside, the debt markets have been tainted by their links with America’s subprime mortgage crisis.

Question 365

crackdown

Answer 365

rozprawienie się, atak, zastosowanie sankcji,China’s gaming crackdown should worry the industry elsewhere. Gaming firms’ skill at extracting money from players risks a regulatory backlash.

Question 366

backlash

Answer 366

ostry sprzeciw; gwałtowna reakcja China’s gaming crackdown should worry the industry elsewhere. Gaming firms’ skill at extracting money from players risks a regulatory backlash.

Question 367

old hat

Answer 367

przeżytekMoral panics over new media are old hat.

Question 368

grump

Answer 368

zrzędaThe social effects of novels, films, comic books and pop music were condemned by the grumpy reactionaries of the time.

Question 369

to exasperate

Answer 369

irytować; drażnićExasperated parents and opportunistic politicians have long fretted that they make players lazy and listless, or else unpredictable and violent.

Question 370

to fret

Answer 370

przejmować sięExasperated parents and opportunistic politicians have long fretted that they make players lazy and listless, or else unpredictable and violent.

Question 371

listless

Answer 371

apatycznyExasperated parents and opportunistic politicians have long fretted that they make players lazy and listless, or else unpredictable and violent.

Question 372

misplaced

Answer 372

nieuzasadnionyThose concerns turned out to be largely misplaced.

Question 373

to clamp down

Answer 373

ukrócić; podjąć zdecydowane krokiThe government clamped down on the approval of new games earlier this year, and stopped approvals altogether in October.

Question 374

to fine-tune

Answer 374

wyrególowaćThis allows publishers to monitor exactly how customers are playing games, and fine-tune them to make them as compelling as possible.

Question 375

compelling

Answer 375

istotny, robiący wrażenie, nie do odparciaThis allows publishers to monitor exactly how customers are playing games, and fine-tune them to make them as compelling as possible.

Question 376

to nag

Answer 376

dręczyćThat has given rise to a “freemium” business model, of which Tencent was a pioneer, whereby games are given away cheaply or free but players are constantly nagged to spend money on in-game items.

Question 377

to supercharge

Answer 377

wzmocnićAll this has been supercharged by smartphones, which mean people can keep playing—and paying—at all hours of the day.

Question 378

to placate

Answer 378

udobruchaćTencent is trying to placate the Chinese government. It is expanding its age-verification scheme and limiting screen time for children.

Question 379

forbearance

Answer 379

wyrozumiałośćA little voluntary forbearance now could save a lot of regulatory pain later.

Question 380

rozprawienie siÄ™, atak, zastosowanie sankcji,

Answer 380

crackdownChina’s gaming crackdown should worry the industry elsewhere. Gaming firms’ skill at extracting money from players risks a regulatory backlash.

Question 381

ostry sprzeciw; gwałtowna reakcja

Answer 381

backlashChina’s gaming crackdown should worry the industry elsewhere. Gaming firms’ skill at extracting money from players risks a regulatory backlash.

Question 382

przeżytek

Answer 382

old hatMoral panics over new media are old hat.

Question 383

zrzęda

Answer 383

grumpThe social effects of novels, films, comic books and pop music were condemned by the grumpy reactionaries of the time.

Question 384

irytować; drażnić

Answer 384

to exasperateExasperated parents and opportunistic politicians have long fretted that they make players lazy and listless, or else unpredictable and violent.

Question 385

przejmować się

Answer 385

to fretExasperated parents and opportunistic politicians have long fretted that they make players lazy and listless, or else unpredictable and violent.

Question 386

apatyczny

Answer 386

listlessExasperated parents and opportunistic politicians have long fretted that they make players lazy and listless, or else unpredictable and violent.

Question 387

nieuzasadniony

Answer 387

misplacedThose concerns turned out to be largely misplaced.

Question 388

ukrócić; podjąć zdecydowane kroki

Answer 388

to clamp downThe government clamped down on the approval of new games earlier this year, and stopped approvals altogether in October.

Question 389

wyrególować

Answer 389

to fine-tuneThis allows publishers to monitor exactly how customers are playing games, and fine-tune them to make them as compelling as possible.

Question 390

istotny, robiący wrażenie, nie do odparcia

Answer 390

compellingThis allows publishers to monitor exactly how customers are playing games, and fine-tune them to make them as compelling as possible.

Question 391

dręczyć

Answer 391

to nagThat has given rise to a “freemium” business model, of which Tencent was a pioneer, whereby games are given away cheaply or free but players are constantly nagged to spend money on in-game items.

Question 392

wzmocnić

Answer 392

to superchargeAll this has been supercharged by smartphones, which mean people can keep playing—and paying—at all hours of the day.

Question 393

udobruchać

Answer 393

to placateTencent is trying to placate the Chinese government. It is expanding its age-verification scheme and limiting screen time for children.

Question 394

wyrozumiałość

Answer 394

forbearanceA little voluntary forbearance now could save a lot of regulatory pain later.

Question 395

to champion

Answer 395

bronić; opowiadać się zaThe establishment of the European single market, a project championed by Margaret Thatcher, prised open stale domestic markets to dynamic foreign firms.

Question 396

to lurk

Answer 396

czaić się, czyhaćSeveral old-economy industries with high prices and fat profits lurk beneath the surface of commerce: credit cards, pharmaceutical distribution and credit-checking.

Question 397

ire

Answer 397

gniewIn some cases public ire opens the door to newcomers, such as Netflix.

Question 398

stingy

Answer 398

skÄ…pyDespite low interest rates, firms have reinvested a stingy share of their bumper profits.