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Question 2

Glomerular endothelial cells

Answer 2

Aff and eff arteriolesFenestrated endotheliumPart of glomerular filtration barrier

Question 3

Podocytes

Answer 3

Visceral layer of bowmans capsulePart of glomerular filtration barriermodified epithelial cells

Question 4

Parietal layer of bowmans capsule

Answer 4

Squamous epithelial cellsLines urinary space

Question 5

Intraglomerular mesangial cells

Answer 5

Modified smooth muscle cellsSupport glomerulusClean filtration barrier via phagocytosis

Question 6

Extraglomerular mesangial cells

Answer 6

Modified smooth muscle cellsFunction unknown

Question 7

JG cells

Answer 7

JG apparatus in Tunica media of aff and eff arteriolesModified smooth muscle cellsSyn and secrete renin

Question 8

Macula densa cells

Answer 8

Cuboidal or columnar epithelial cellsIn dct at vascular poleMonitor urine volume and concentrationStim JG to release renin

Question 9

Proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 9

Simple CuboidalSpecialized for resorption - most in proximal portionMicrovilli brush borderBasal infoldings, mitochondriaEndosomal and lysosomal compartments

Question 10

Loop of henle

Answer 10

Squamous cellsType I - cortical nephronsType II, III, IV - juxtamedullary nephronDescending permeable to water, urea and ionsAscending less permeable

Question 11

Distal tubule cells

Answer 11

Low simple cuboidal cellsNot permeable to water or ureaActively transport Na and Cl Apical nuclei, less microvilli and less mitochondria

Question 12

Principal cells

Answer 12

Light cells of collecting ductSecrete KReabsorb NaImpermeable to water unless ADH is present

Question 13

Intercalated cell

Answer 13

Dark cell of collecting duct (mostly cortical)Active transport of H - acid base controlImpermeable to water unless ADH present

Question 14

Syn and secrete epo

Answer 14

Endothelium of peritubular capillary networkFrom efferent arterioles (w/ diaphragms)Cortical nephrons

Question 15

Endothelium of vasa recta

Answer 15

From juxtamedullary nephron efferent arteriolesPermeable to water and saltCounter current exchange - maintain osmotic gradient

Question 16

Transitional epithelium

Answer 16

Renal calyces, ureters, urinary bladder, portions of urethraTop layer is domed

Question 17

Podocalyxin

Answer 17

Negatively charged protein in podocyte pediclesKeep large negative charges proteins from crossing filtration border

Question 18

Vasa Recta

Answer 18

parallel with juxtamedullary nephronmaintains interstitial osmotic gradient Arteriola recta: lose H2O and gain salt - increase osmolalityVenula recta: gain H2O and lose salt -decrease osmolality

Question 19

Glomerular filtration barrier

Answer 19

EndotheliumBasal Lamina (GBM): Podocytes (visceral layer bowman’s capsule)

Question 20

Basal Lamina

Answer 20

Lamina Densa – physical barrier due to collagen IV, restricts molecules > 70,000 D’sLamina Rara externa – adjacent to podocyte processes, electrostatic barrierLamina interna – adjacent to endothelium also electrostatic barrier

Question 21

Blood supply

Answer 21

Renal a. - Segmental artery - lobar artery - interlobar a. - arcuate a. - interlobular a. afferent a.  glomerulus  efferent a.  vasa recta or peritubular

Question 22

arterial portal system

Answer 22

glomerulus (cap bed) –> efferent arterioles –> peritubular capillaries and vasa recta

Question 23

medullary rays

Answer 23

Cortical structures projecting from base of pyramidaxis of lobulesstraight portions of proximal and distal tubules and collecting ducts

Question 24

Tubuloglomerular feedback at

Answer 24

•Macula densa cells monitor Na+ concentration•JG Cells secrete renin (receives signal from macula densa)•Renin converts Angiotensinogen (hepatocytes) to Angiotensin I•ACE (endothelial cells lung, kidney) converts Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II• Vasoconstriction of arterial smooth muscle• Posterior pituitary secretes ADH  reabsorption of H2O• Adrenal cortex secretes aldosterone  decrease excretion of NaCl in kidney

Question 25

Metanephrogenic mesynchyme

Answer 25

nephron (develops distal to proximal)

Question 26

Mesonephrogenic mesynchyme

Answer 26

collection ducts