deck_4452279

Question 1

primitive vertebrate CV plan begins.. and present by..

Answer 1

begins mid-week 3 present by week 4

Question 2

as they migrate PHF cells specified to form left and righ t sides of heart and to form

Answer 2

atrialeft ventricle part of right ventricle

Question 3

secondary heart field (SHF) forms

Answer 3

remainder of right ventricleoutflow tract - conus cordis and truncus arteriosus

Question 4

the 5HT PITX2 pathway specificies .. and programs..

Answer 4

left side of bodyprograms heart cells in priamry and SHFs

Question 5

master gene for left sidedness

Answer 5

PITX2

Question 6

patterning of cardiac progenitor celsl occurs at the same time as

Answer 6

laterality (left-right sidedness) is established

Question 7

circuit that supplies and drains the yolk sac ; separate from umbilical artery and vein; called the “nursery for blood vessels”

Answer 7

vitelline vein and artery

Question 8

features of embryonic circuit

Answer 8

• series of aortic arches connecting to dorsal aortae - d. aortae subdivides into smaller vessels to supply embryo- blood drained by anterior and posterior cardinal veins- common cardinal vein

Question 9

bulbus cordis consists of

Answer 9

truncus arteriosusconus cordis

Question 10

sinus venosus gives rise to

Answer 10

smooth part of right atrium (sinus venarum)coronary sinusoblique vein of left atrium

Question 11

primitive atrium gives rise to

Answer 11

trabeculated part of right and left atria (auricles)

Question 12

primitive ventricule gives rise to

Answer 12

trabeculated part of right and left ventricles

Question 13

bulbus cordis gives rise to

Answer 13

conus cordis: smooth part of right ventricleaortic vestibule: smooth part of left ventricle

Question 14

truncus arteriosus gives rise to

Answer 14

aorta, pulmonary trunk

Question 15

blood flow in embryonic dilation

Answer 15

sinus venosus —> primitive atrium –> primitive ventricle –> bulbus cordis —> truncus arteriosus

Question 16

more anterior structures (ventricles and outflow tract) are specified as such because of

Answer 16

lower RA concentrations

Question 17

cardiac looping, the correct folding of heart (due to its rapid growth) is controlled by

Answer 17

PITX2 and the laterality pathwayif messed, heart could fold in different direction (could still work just fine)

Question 18

grow the fastest during cardiac looping

Answer 18

ventricles and outflow tract

Question 19

dextrocardia caused by - presents as - can be found with - when does it occur embryologically?

Answer 19

• heart bends to left instead of right- displaced to right with transposition of heart and great vessels- most common positional abnormality- can be found with situs inversus- during gastrulation or later during cardiac looping

Question 20

large ocmmunication between chambers that occurs when endocardial cushions fail to fuse – called? what does it result in? blood flow? treatment?

Answer 20

atrioventricular communisresults in common AV canalgiant atrial and ventricular septal defectenlarged pulmonary trunk (less resistance in pulmonary circ. vs. systemic so all blood flows through there)- Tx - put band on pulmonary artery to tie it off (lungs less congested now), then patch between right and left chambers then divide the one valve into two valves

Question 21

formation of interventricular septum

Answer 21

2 parts:muscular portion devleoping in midline on floor of the PV; growing upward towards ECC - bublar ridges growing downwards to ECC

Question 22

most VSDs occur in

Answer 22

muscular portion but close spontaneously!

Question 23

most commonly, surgically corrected VSD defects

Answer 23

membranous!

Question 24

opening between L & R ventriclesassociated shunting of blood

Answer 24

ventricular septal defects (VSDs)

Question 25

presenting baby, signs of cyanosis at 1 year check up right ventricle has hypertrophied; signs of pulmonary congestion and edemaauscultation and US shoe normal valvesdiagnosis? disease mechanism?

Answer 25

VSD!- initial lung inflation, RV pressure decreases- get left to right shunting (acyanotic) - causes increased work by RV, hypertrophy and eventual, right-to-left shunting —> cyanosis- rate depends on size of VSD

Question 26

vsd 2 facts

Answer 26

25% of congenital heart defects4 types based on position and severity

Question 27

which types of VSDs can have more significance for conudciton

Answer 27

centralproximalbasal

Question 28

valve of foramen ovale is derived from

Answer 28

septum primum

Question 29

foramen ovale upper boundary and lower boundary

Answer 29

upper: septum secundum (upper limb)lower: septum primum

Question 30

foramen ovale once fused is called

Answer 30

fossa ovalis

Question 31

RA features in terms of fossa ovale

Answer 31

limbus (septum secundum)fossa ovale( floor, septum primum)

Question 32

LA features in terms of fossa ovale

Answer 32

fossa ovale (floor, septum SECUNDUM)valve of fossa ovale (septum primum)

Question 33

ASD, stats, types of defects and what they involve

Answer 33

ASD - common, 10-15% of congenital heart defectsostium (foramen) primum defects - similar to ECC defectssecundum type - involve foramen ovale and septum primum sinus venosus - usually near opening of SVC

Question 34

ASD is a characteristic finding in this TBX5 gene mutation

Answer 34

Holt-Oram SYndrome [ H for heart!! ]- abnormality of upper extremities- can also have VSD

Question 35

in the embryo:nutritional circuits are(intra) embryonic circuits are..

Answer 35

nutritional: vitelline and umbilicalintra: cardinal veins

Question 36

connects umbilical vein with IVC

Answer 36

ductus venosus

Question 37

marks division between embryonic sinus venosus and embryonic primitive atrium (auricles)

Answer 37

crista terminalis

Question 38

SVC derived from joining

Answer 38

right anterior cardinal and common cardinal v. via brachiocephalic vein anastamosis

Question 39

embryo starts out getting drained by umbilical vein, vitelline veins and common cardinal but once sinus venosus is finished developing, we are left with these 3 vessels drianing what

Answer 39

SVC - head & neckIVC - placenta and caudal regions of embryocoronary sinus - heart itself

Question 40

partition of this forms the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves

Answer 40

Truncus Arteriosus!

Question 41

disease pathology of eisenmenger’s syndrome; whats failed to form/ fuse? how is the blood shunting initially? later? why?

Answer 41

• equal division of truncus, incomplete fusions of bulbar ridges inferiorly –> VSD - initial L –> R shunt, increased pulmonary blood flow and hypertension- prolif. in intima and media to narrow lumen- increased pulmonary resistance causes R to L shunt and cyanosis

Question 42

tetralogy of fallotwhat is IT?components? how/ why do they develop?

Answer 42

• pulmonary stenosis- VSD [blood being shunted from right to left ventricle into the aorta]- overriding aorta- rt. ventricular hypertrophy [pulmonary trunk too small so ventricle hypertrophies to compensate][PS listen to H.O.V. ]

Question 43

breathing new born exhibits severe cyanosis immediately after birth and dies- boh ventricles of normal size, no A or V septal defects- lungs of normal size and well inflateddiagnosis?

Answer 43

transposition of great vessels