Deck no. 22 Flashcards

Question

zastrzeżony (np. o informacji)

Answer 1

proprietary “It’s reducing a **proprietary** advantage companies like Tesla have,” says Lester Ross, a Beijing-based lawyer at WilmerHale, who advises American firms operating in China.

Answer 2

propulsion In May, London-listed Tirupati Graphite said it had developed a graphene-aluminium composite material that it said had conductivity similar to copper. The company is working with Rolls-Royce on using it to replace copper in thermal, power and **propulsion** systems, according to a person familiar with the company.

Answer 3

zapomnienie, niepamięć A new entrant needs a trusted name, deep pockets and a proven ability to come up with clever tech. One company that has all those in spades is Apple. The iPhonemaker has been working on an EV for several years. The latest chatter is that it will have one in production by the middle of the decade. Some of its potential competitors will by then be well on the way to **oblivion**.

Answer 4

dobrze zrobiony ale bez głębi, powierzchowny, płytki, trywialny (np. film, reklama, prezentacja) We imagine the satisfaction of traveling to exotic places or being surrounded by interesting company and expensive gadgets. If we cannot afford those goals that **slick** commercials and colorful ads keep reminding us to pursue, then we are happy to settle for a quiet evening in front of the television set with a glass of liquor close by.

Answer 5

gourmet A **gourmet** enjoys eating, as does anyone who pays enough attention to a meal so as to discriminate the various sensations provided by it.

Answer 6

craven The state trumps biology nowadays by defining who can call themselves the child’s parents. Under assault from the bullying power of LGBT activists, the chronic dishonesty and abdication of journalists, the say-so of multinational corporations, and the **craven** self-interest of politicians, virtually the entirety of family protections was being dismantled and rewritten.

Answer 7

czerpać z zasobów finansowych The United States’ most successful use of economic sanctions in this period came during the 1956 Suez crisis. Outraged by the British-French-Israeli invasion of Egypt, Washington prevented the United Kingdom from **drawing down** its International Monetary Fund reserves to defend its currency. The subsequent run on the pound forced London to withdraw its troops.

Answer 8

tu: spowalniać (np. postęp) Beijing is also intensifying the pressure on foreign firms operating in China to keep records gathered from local customers inside the country, so the government has more authority over the records. Western ompanies have long complained such “data-localization” requirements could **stifle** innovation in their global operations or enable Chinese authorities to steal their proprietary information.

Answer 9

wyzywać kogoś, przezywać, obrzucać wyzwiskami It’s not that I mind **being called names**, but there needs to be a prize worth winning or preserving in order to justify running such gauntlets, and I'm not sure that this is the case here.

Answer 10

to pitch in In idle moments between remote classes conducted on Zoom, their 15- and 16-year-old daughters help pack boxes, and write personalized notes thanking customers. Their 25-year-old son, their eldest daughter and Mrs. Wilsondebriano’s mother all **pitch in** when they’re available.

Answer 11

nagana, upomnienie, reprymenda (za coś) Darren Woods, who currently does Mr Raymond’s old job, does not deny that climate change is real. And he must now contend with the biggest **rebuke** to the firm’s management in living memory.

Answer 12

clampdown Authorities are taking action even before the laws take effect, as part of the tech **clampdown**.

Answer 13

dzień po dniu, dzień w dzień, codziennie Without enjoyment life can be endured, and it can even be pleasant. But it can be so only precariously, depending on luck and the cooperation of the external environment. To gain personal control over the quality of experience, however, one needs to learn how to build enjoyment into what happens **day in, day out.**

Answer 14

to amp up The Obama administration **amped up** sanctions against Iran, which drove the country to negotiate a deal restricting its nuclear program in return for the lifting o some sanctions.

Answer 15

dodatek, uzupełnienie “For the Japanese, foreign markets were an **afterthought**. The Chinese cut their platforms off from the rest of the world. But for the Koreans, it has always been about exports.”

Answer 16

derivative “You’ve never seen so many prominent Asians looked upon as equal, you never saw those images,” he adds. “We’re contributing something to the culture that’s not watered down, that’s not **derivative** — it’s the ultimate validation.”

Answer 17

pochlebca, lizus Yet the Turkish president, surrounded by **sycophants** and dogged by rumours about his health, appears either unable or unwilling to listen to those urging him to change course.

Answer 18

to chase down As a young lawyer in a small partnership, she is fortunate to be involved in complex, challenging cases. She spends hours in the library, **chasing down** references and outlining possible courses of action for the senior partners of the firm to follow.

Answer 19

to backslide Activists have also clamored for sanctions on China for its persecution o the Uyghurs, on Hungary for its democratic **backsliding**, and on Israel for its treatment o the Palestinians.

Answer 20

wit I enjoy the clash of **wits** involved in bargaining, when two persons try to outdo each other with ruses and with eloquence. She didn’t even flinch. She didn’t know any better.

Answer 21

wzrastający When one brave soul from Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s ruling party decided to confront him about **mounting** public discontent over the economy, he was met with short shrift.

Answer 22

to peter out Many economists believe the current boom in commodity prices is cyclical rather than structural and can be explained by strong Chinese demand, a post-pandemic economic recovery in Europe and the US overlaid with supply chain disruptions. They expect the rally to **peter out** as China — still the world’s biggest buyer of commodities — tightens credit.

Answer 23

nabywać udziały w czymś (np. w firmie) At the same time, the Korean gaming sector, which dwarfs those of K-pop, film and television is **buying into** Korean and western content producers and companies specialising in creating virtual worlds known as the “metaverse”.

Answer 24

odzyskać coś, odrobić coś; odzyskanie pieniędzy, które wcześniej przeznaczyło się na jakiś cel But deep down many investors may still worry that the green shift will destroy shareholder value. Thanks to dearer oil ExxonMobil has **clawed back** $110bn in market capitalisation since October, handily besting the European giants whose promised wind and solar projects are years away from profitability and could meanwhile eat into their dividends.

Answer 25

to claw back But deep down many investors may still worry that the green shift will destroy shareholder value. Thanks to dearer oil ExxonMobil has **clawed back** $110bn in market capitalisation since October, handily besting the European giants whose promised wind and solar projects are years away from profitability and could meanwhile eat into their dividends.

Answer 26

maniak motoryzacyjny, automaniak Another potentially lucrative niche is the hypercar. Wealthy **petrolheads** seem willing to fork out $2m or so to add to their stables. Rimac and Pininfarina of Italy also see these cars as testbeds for EV technology to sell to other car firms.

Answer 27

stodgy Identifying the right segment may not be enough, however. Brian Gu, president of Xpeng, admits that the new firms must offer something truly different. For years the industry’s technologically **stodgier** incumbents “didn’t realise it was a tech race”, says Peter Rawlinson, who runs Lucid.

Answer 28

huta Surrounded by small villages, the mine employs about 7,000 workers and has its own road for trucks to carry rock to a nearby **smelter**. The company is also upgrading a 40-year-old hydropower station on the Congo River to provide electricity to run the mine.

Answer 29

powstrzymywać (np. postęp wojsk); zakazywać (gdy sąd zabrania czegoś) The Trump administration threatened to raise tarifs and shut down the U.S.-Mexican border to compel Mexico to **interdict** Central American migrants; in response, the Mexican government deployed its new National Guard to restrict the flow.

Answer 30

unwieldy All these varieties of disorder force attention to be diverted to undesirable objects, leaving us no longer free to use it according to our preferences. Psychic energy becomes **unwieldy** and ineffective.

Answer 31

rządzić się, panoszyć się, szarogęsić się The truth is that Washington’s fixation with sanctions has little to do with their efficacy and everything to do with something else: American decline. No longer an unchallenged superpower, the United States can’t **throw its weight around** the way it used to.

Answer 32

day in day out Without enjoyment life can be endured, and it can even be pleasant. But it can be so only precariously, depending on luck and the cooperation of the external environment. To gain personal control over the quality of experience, however, one needs to learn how to build enjoyment into what happens **day in, day out.**

Answer 33

oblivion A new entrant needs a trusted name, deep pockets and a proven ability to come up with clever tech. One company that has all those in spades is Apple. The iPhonemaker has been working on an EV for several years. The latest chatter is that it will have one in production by the middle of the decade. Some of its potential competitors will by then be well on the way to **oblivion**.

Answer 34

go-to Sanctions—measures taken by one country to disrupt economic exchange with another—have become the **go-to** solution for nearly every foreign policy problem.

Answer 35

wzmacniający, odnawiający Pleasure is an important component of the quality of life, but by itself it does not bring happiness. Sleep, rest, food, and sex provide **restorative** homeostatic experiences that return consciousness to order after the needs of the body intrude and cause psychic entropy to occur.

Answer 36

postawić na swoim Engine No.1 didn’t quite **get its way**: it had put forward four candidates. But as David Larck er of Stanford’ s Graduate School of Business observes, it is “extremely rare” for a compan y the size of Exx onMobil to elect even one dissident director, let alone two or three.

Answer 37

bigot “It’s not that the executives were **bigoted**, necessarily. But they go by the numbers, and we didn’t have the metrics to convince them.”

Answer 38

by the same token A self that is only differentiated—not integrated—may attain great individual accomplishments, but risks being mired in self-centered egotism. **By the same token**, a person whose self is based exclusively on integration will be connected and secure, but lack autonomous individuality.

Answer 39

kodeks drogowy Digital markets. New **rules of the road**. Trustbusters compete to look tough on technology giants.

Answer 40

dyżurny Sanctions—measures taken by one country to disrupt economic exchange with another—have become the **go-to** solution for nearly every foreign policy problem.

Answer 41

ustępować, zgadzać się, ulegać In every case, the target suffered severe economic costs yet made no concessions. Not even Venezuela, a bankrupt socialist state experiencing hyperinflation in the United States’ backyard, **acquiesced**.

Answer 42

z łatwością But deep down many investors may still worry that the green shift will destroy shareholder value. Thanks to dearer oil ExxonMobil has clawed back $110bn in market capitalisation since October, **handily** besting the European giants whose promised wind and solar projects are years away from profitability and could meanwhile eat into their dividends.

Answer 43

to throw one's weight around The truth is that Washington’s fixation with sanctions has little to do with their efficacy and everything to do with something else: American decline. No longer an unchallenged superpower, the United States can’t **throw its weight around** the way it used to.

Answer 44

kończyć się, wyczerpywać się, zanikać Many economists believe the current boom in commodity prices is cyclical rather than structural and can be explained by strong Chinese demand, a post-pandemic economic recovery in Europe and the US overlaid with supply chain disruptions. They expect the rally to **peter out** as China — still the world’s biggest buyer of commodities — tightens credit.

Answer 45

to get by “Right now there is a large group of people who cannot meet their basic needs. About 30 per cent of the electorate cannot **get by**. This is the fundamental reason why people are leaving the AKP.”

Answer 46

bohater pierwszych stron gazet Testing times for Israel’s **man of the moment**

Answer 47

właśnie ten, dokładnie ten Activities that provide enjoyment are often those that have been designed for this **very** purpose. Games, sports, and artistic and literary forms were developed over the centuries for the express purpose of enriching life with enjoyable experiences.

Answer 48

cognoscenti The more the non-**cognoscenti** took over the club scene, the more the comedians tailored their acts along crowd pleasing lines to survive.

Answer 49

być pokrytym czymś, być powleczonym czymś Many economists believe the current boom in commodity prices is cyclical rather than structural and can be explained by strong Chinese demand, a post-pandemic economic recovery in Europe and the US **overlaid with** supply chain disruptions. They expect the rally to peter out as China — still the world’s biggest buyer of commodities — tightens credit.

Answer 50

wrócić na złą drogę, wrócić do dawnego nałogu Activists have also clamored for sanctions on China for its persecution o the Uyghurs, on Hungary for its democratic **backsliding**, and on Israel for its treatment o the Palestinians.

Answer 51

slick We imagine the satisfaction of traveling to exotic places or being surrounded by interesting company and expensive gadgets. If we cannot afford those goals that **slick** commercials and colorful ads keep reminding us to pursue, then we are happy to settle for a quiet evening in front of the television set with a glass of liquor close by.

Answer 52

enthralling It is enough to know that he can do it, because when he is working at top performance the experience is so **enthralling** that it is almost painful for him to slow down.

Answer 53

prestiż; renoma; wysoki status In theory, superpowers should possess a range o foreign policy tools: military might, cultural **cachet**, diplomatic persuasion, technological prowess, economic aid, and so on. But to anyone paying attention to U.S. foreign policy for the past decade, it has become obvious that the United States relies on one tool above all: economic sanctions.

Answer 54

to wear out Unfortunately, this natural connection between growth and enjoyment tends to disappear with time. Perhaps because “learning” becomes an external imposition when schooling starts, the excitement of mastering new skills gradually **wears out**.

Answer 55

testbed Another potentially lucrative niche is the hypercar. Wealthy petrolheads seem willing to fork out $2m or so to add to their stables. Rimac and Pininfarina of Italy also see these cars as **testbeds** for EV technology to sell to other car firms.

Answer 56

table stakes But it is not enough to stick big touchscreens onto a standard electric power train, as many of the Chinese Tesla copycats are doing. The over-the-air software updates, proprietary charging networks and online direct sales pioneered by the American firm are now seen as **table stakes**.

Answer 57

wyczerpywać się Unfortunately, this natural connection between growth and enjoyment tends to disappear with time. Perhaps because “learning” becomes an external imposition when schooling starts, the excitement of mastering new skills gradually **wears out**.

Answer 58

potomek Heinz Maier-Leibnitz, the famous German experimental physicist and a **descendant** of the eighteenth-century philosopher and mathematician, provides an intriguing example of how one can take control of a boring ituation and turn it into a mildly enjoyable one.

Answer 59

dobry przykład, trafny przykład Sceptics are also quick to point out that not all commodities are in short supply. A **case in point** is oil, where Opec and its allies have yet to fully unwind the huge production cuts from April 2020.

Answer 60

whereby The Trump administration ratcheted up U.S. economic pressure against Iran, North Korea, and Venezuela as part of its “maximum pressure” campaigns to block even minor evasions of economic restrictions. The efforts also relied on what are known as “secondary sanctions,” **whereby** third-party countries and companies are threatened with economic coercion if they do not agree to participate in sanctioning the initial target.

Answer 61

uśmierzyć (np. ból); tłumić The taste of food when we are hungry is pleasant because it reduces a physiological imbalance. Resting in the evening while passively absorbing information from the media, with alcohol or drugs to **dull** the mind overexcited by the demands of work, is pleasantly relaxing.

Answer 62

bullish The same day as the ExxonMobil vote, shareholders of Chevron, its American rival similarly **bullish** on oil, voted for a proposal to reduce emissions from the end use of its products.

Answer 63

zestaw, partia, seria Consumers hungry for new tech and a government keen to support electrification have given China’s insurgents a headstart. Nio , the largest of **the lot**, made 44,000 cars in 2020.

Answer 64

czuć się spełnionym; *to restore to a perfect state; renew; reestablish* “The part of you that maybe you were suppressing — the Korean part of you — all of a sudden that part of you is shining, and it just **makes you whole**,” says Hong, who grew up in New York.

Answer 65

lichwiarz; chciwa osoba, która wyłudza od innych pieniądze (od postaci ze sztuki Williama Szekspira pt. Kupiec wenecki) Robert De Niro got the idea for The King of Comedy by hanging out at open mike night at Catch a Falling Star, the comedy venue opened by Budd Friedman, the man David Brenner referred to as “**Shylock**” because “He never stopped being a bastard.”

Answer 66

sztywny (np. o osobie) Identifying the right segment may not be enough, however. Brian Gu, president of Xpeng, admits that the new firms must offer something truly different. For years the industry’s technologically **stodgier** incumbents “didn’t realise it was a tech race”, says Peter Rawlinson, who runs Lucid.

Answer 67

to snuggle Passing his hand over the warm fabric, Jim remembered the cozy feeling of being **snuggled** up to his dad in the smoky tent, while the loons were laughing across the lake.

Answer 68

bashing Now carbon-**bashing** is spreading beyond tree-hugging Europe. Earlier this year activist badgering had already prompted ExxonMobil to unveil plans for a new “low carbon solutions” division, which will develop technologies to capture carbon and store it underground.

Answer 69

plaudit That investment may have brought Korean content to the world’s attention. But it also highlights the scale of the challenge facing Korean entertainment companies seeking to increase their market share. South Korea may have gained the **plaudits** for the success of Squid Game, say observers, but Netflix made the money.

Answer 70

ukryte pobudki The self becomes complex as a result of experiencing flow. Paradoxically, it is when we act freely, for the sake of the action itself rather than for **ulterior motives**, that we learn to become more than what we were. When we choose a goal and invest ourselves in it to the limits of our concentration, whatever we do will be enjoyable.

Answer 71

w formie czegoś Yet for every success, there were more failures. The United States has imposed decades-long sanctions on Belarus, Cuba, Russia, Syria, and Zimbabwe with little to show **in the way of** tangible results.

Answer 72

dusić; dławić The government grew more aggressive after a now-infamous speech by tech billionaire Jack Ma last October, in which he angered regulators by criticizing them for **smothering** innovation. Mr. Xi halted the IPO of Ant Group, in which Mr. Ma is the controlling shareholder, soon after.

Answer 73

to slip The big reason such arguments no longer fall on deaf ears is ExxonMobil’s once mighty reputation for being tightly run has **slipped**.

Answer 74

nieporęczny (np. pakunek); niewydolny (np. organizacja, system) All these varieties of disorder force attention to be diverted to undesirable objects, leaving us no longer free to use it according to our preferences. Psychic energy becomes **unwieldy** and ineffective.

Answer 75

zdrowy rozum, zdolności I enjoy the clash of **wits** involved in bargaining, when two persons try to outdo each other with ruses and with eloquence. She didn’t even flinch. She didn’t know any better.

Answer 76

kiedyś, dawniej **Back in the day**, the United States needed European markets far more than the United Kingdom and France needed a fledgling country in the New World; the Embargo Act cost the United States far more than it did the European great powers.

Answer 77

stromy (np. pagórek), spadzisty (np. dach) To most people, the **sheer** wall of El Capitan in Yosemite valley is just a huge chunk of featureless rock. But to the climber it is an arena offering an endlessly complex symphony of mental and physical challenges.

Answer 78

gimmick Ultimately, buyers will decide which of these are desirable features and which are **gimmicks**.

Answer 79

man of the moment Testing times for Israel’s **man of the moment**

Answer 80

leeway The vaguely worded clause, analysts and legal experts say, gives authorities considerably more **leeway** to control data deemed essential to the state, while making it harder for businesses, both Chinese and foreign, to say no.

Answer 81

osłabić, spowolnić Investments in renewables are ramping up. But bottlenecks in supply chains, site approvals and finance could still **hobble** deep reductions in emissions.

Answer 82

rażący; jawny Lee Raymond, a formidable former boss of the Texan titan, once told your correspondent to get out of his office after being challenged over his **flagrant** denial of climate science.

Answer 83

high-grade Kamoa-Kakula in the Democratic Republic of Congo is a rare commodity in the modern resources industry: a **high-grade** copper mine that one day could produce enough metal to satisfy more than 5 per cent of China’s annual demand.

Answer 84

zastrzeżony (np. o informacji) “It’s reducing a **proprietary** advantage companies like Tesla have,” says Lester Ross, a Beijing-based lawyer at WilmerHale, who advises American firms operating in China.

Answer 85

say-so The state trumps biology nowadays by defining who can call themselves the child’s parents. Under assault from the bullying power of LGBT activists, the chronic dishonesty and abdication of journalists, the **say-so** of multinational corporations, and the craven self-interest of politicians, virtually the entirety of family protections was being dismantled and rewritten.

Answer 86

not to know any better I enjoy the clash of wits involved in bargaining, when two persons try to outdo each other with ruses and with eloquence. She didn’t even flinch. She **didn’t know any better**.

Answer 87

cieszyć się czyimiś względami Because financial institutions care about their global reputation and wish to **stay in the good graces** o U.S. regulators, they tend to comply eagerly with sanctions and even preemptively dump clients seen as too risky.

Answer 88

to dull The taste of food when we are hungry is pleasant because it reduces a physiological imbalance. Resting in the evening while passively absorbing information from the media, with alcohol or drugs to **dull** the mind overexcited by the demands of work, is pleasantly relaxing.

Answer 89

exhilarating One of our respondents, a well-known West Coast rock climber, explains concisely the tie between the avocation that gives him a profound sense of flow and the rest of his life: “It’s **exhilarating** to come closer and closer to self-discipline. You make your body go and everything hurts; then you look back in awe at the self, at what you’ve done, it just blows your mind. It leads to ecstasy, to self-fulfillment. If you win these battles enough, that battle against yourself, at least for a moment, it becomes easier to win the battles in the world.”

Answer 90

nie zdawać sobie sprawy I enjoy the clash of wits involved in bargaining, when two persons try to outdo each other with ruses and with eloquence. She didn’t even flinch. She **didn’t know any better**.

Answer 91

wyjść na ulicę When Americans **took to the streets** over inflation.

Answer 92

masakra, rzeź Many new firms won’t get that far. Several have already suffered setbacks. Dyson, a British firm better known for vacuum cleaners, sank £500m ($640m) into an EV effort only to conclude in 2019 that it would never make money. The same year Nio teetered on the brink of bankruptcy until the local government in its home city of Hefei bailed it out. A **bloodbath** awaits China’s myriad smaller EV firms as they run out of ideas and money.

Answer 93

rebuke Darren Woods, who currently does Mr Raymond’s old job, does not deny that climate change is real. And he must now contend with the biggest **rebuke** to the firm’s management in living memory.

Answer 94

zakwestionować, podważyć ważność Closing a **contested** business deal, or any piece of work well done, is enjoyable. None of these experiences may be particularly pleasurable at the time they are taking place, but afterward we think back on them and say, “That really was fun” and wish they would happen again.

Answer 95

minimum; minimalny warunek wejścia *(minimum entry requirement for a market or business arrangement)* But it is not enough to stick big touchscreens onto a standard electric power train, as many of the Chinese Tesla copycats are doing. The over-the-air software updates, proprietary charging networks and online direct sales pioneered by the American firm are now seen as **table stakes**.

Answer 96

to mow **Mowing** the lawn or waiting in a dentist’s office can become enjoyable provided one restructures the activity by providing goals, rules, and the other elements of enjoyment to be reviewed below.

Answer 97

close Enjoyment is characterized by this forward movement: by a sense of novelty, of accomplishment. Playing a **close** game of tennis that stretches one’s ability is enjoyable, as is reading a book that reveals things in a new light, as is having a conversation that leads us to express ideas we didn’t know we had.

Answer 98

sporo czegoś At Charleston Gourmet Burger, things have improved **a great deal**. The weather has grown warmer and millions of vaccinated Americans are once again gathering with friends and family—and firing up the grill.

Answer 99

zbierać (owoce pracy), korzystać (z wyniku czegoś) But if one gets to be too complacent, feeling that psychic energy invested in new directions is wasted unless there is a good chance of **reaping** extrinsic rewards for it, one may end up no longer enjoying life, and pleasure becomes the only source of positive experience.

Answer 100

to have legs “We see potential for a multi-decade commodity cycle ahead, driven by decarbonisation of the global economy and a shift to cleaner energy,” says Tal Lomnitzer, a fund manager at Janus Henderson. “It **has more legs** to it than the China boom of the early 2000s.”

Answer 101

to best But deep down many investors may still worry that the green shift will destroy shareholder value. Thanks to dearer oil ExxonMobil has clawed back $110bn in market capitalisation since October, handily **besting** the European giants whose promised wind and solar projects are years away from profitability and could meanwhile eat into their dividends.

Answer 102

shylock Robert De Niro got the idea for The King of Comedy by hanging out at open mike night at Catch a Falling Star, the comedy venue opened by Budd Friedman, the man David Brenner referred to as “**Shylock**” because “He never stopped being a bastard.”

Answer 103

innocuous For instance, if Julio had had more money or some credit, his problem would have been perfectly **innocuous**. If in the past he had invested more psychic energy in making friends on the job, the flat tire would not have created panic, because he could have always asked one of his co-workers to give him a ride for a few days.

Answer 104

wzdłuż The old fable continues to echo **down** the centuries. The waiting rooms of psychiatrists are filled with rich and successful patients who, in their forties or fifties, suddenly wake up to the fact that a plush suburban home, expensive cars, and even an Ivy League education are not enough to bring peace of mind.

Answer 105

ulterior motives The self becomes complex as a result of experiencing flow. Paradoxically, it is when we act freely, for the sake of the action itself rather than for **ulterior motives**, that we learn to become more than what we were. When we choose a goal and invest ourselves in it to the limits of our concentration, whatever we do will be enjoyable.

Answer 106

koneserzy The more the non-**cognoscenti** took over the club scene, the more the comedians tailored their acts along crowd pleasing lines to survive.

Answer 107

uparty; optymistyczny The same day as the ExxonMobil vote, shareholders of Chevron, its American rival similarly **bullish** on oil, voted for a proposal to reduce emissions from the end use of its products.

Answer 108

platforma testowa Another potentially lucrative niche is the hypercar. Wealthy petrolheads seem willing to fork out $2m or so to add to their stables. Rimac and Pininfarina of Italy also see these cars as **testbeds** for EV technology to sell to other car firms.

Answer 109

skwapliwie, z ochotą In 2005, when the United States designated the Macao-based bank Banco Delta Asia as a moneylaundering concern working on behal o North Korea, even Chinese banks responded **with alacrity** to limit their exposure.

Answer 110

pasjonujący It is enough to know that he can do it, because when he is working at top performance the experience is so **enthralling** that it is almost painful for him to slow down.

Answer 111

rule of the road Digital markets. New **rules of the road**. Trustbusters compete to look tough on technology giants.

Answer 112

sheer To most people, the **sheer** wall of El Capitan in Yosemite valley is just a huge chunk of featureless rock. But to the climber it is an arena offering an endlessly complex symphony of mental and physical challenges.

Answer 113

badgering Now carbon-bashing is spreading beyond tree-hugging Europe. Earlier this year activist **badgering** had already prompted ExxonMobil to unveil plans for a new “low carbon solutions” division, which will develop technologies to capture carbon and store it underground.

Answer 114

zwiększyć The Obama administration **amped up** sanctions against Iran, which drove the country to negotiate a deal restricting its nuclear program in return for the lifting o some sanctions.

Answer 115

zdecydowane kroki, ograniczenie, ściślejsza kontrola Authorities are taking action even before the laws take effect, as part of the tech **clampdown**.

Answer 116

układ napędowy But it is not enough to stick big touchscreens onto a standard electric **power train**, as many of the Chinese Tesla copycats are doing. The over-the-air software updates, proprietary charging networks and online direct sales pioneered by the American firm are now seen as table stakes.

Answer 117

actor These sanctions have proved more potent. Whereas restrictions on trade incentivize private-sector **actors** to resort to black-market operations, the opposite dynamic is at play with measures concerning dollar transactions.

Answer 118

to get one's way Engine No.1 didn’t quite **get its way**: it had put forward four candidates. But as David Larck er of Stanford’ s Graduate School of Business observes, it is “extremely rare” for a compan y the size of Exx onMobil to elect even one dissident director, let alone two or three.

Answer 119

drugi (album lub np. film w karierze artysty); uczeń drugiej klasy A more chronic example of psychic entropy is the case of Jim Harris, a greatly talented high school **sophomore** who was in one of our surveys.

Answer 120

to take to the streets When Americans **took to the streets** over inflation.

Answer 121

postrzegać kogoś “You’ve never seen so many prominent Asians **looked upon** as equal, you never saw those images,” he adds. “We’re contributing something to the culture that’s not watered down, that’s not derivative — it’s the ultimate validation.”

Answer 122

bodzieć; impuls; impet Commodities have enjoyed a dizzying run over the past year, initially on the back of strong demand from China and more recently other big economies. Supply disruptions have provided further **impetus**.

Answer 123

a great deal of At Charleston Gourmet Burger, things have improved **a great deal**. The weather has grown warmer and millions of vaccinated Americans are once again gathering with friends and family—and firing up the grill.

Answer 124

to thwart The FBI partnered with law enforcement in 17 countries in total as part of the operation. For these groups, Trojan Shield was an unprecedented coup, yielding some 800 arrests and leading to the seizure of $48m in cash and cryptocurrencies, as well as more than 32 tonnes of drugs. More than 100 murder plots were also **thwarted**.

Answer 125

to be overlaid with something Many economists believe the current boom in commodity prices is cyclical rather than structural and can be explained by strong Chinese demand, a post-pandemic economic recovery in Europe and the US **overlaid with** supply chain disruptions. They expect the rally to peter out as China — still the world’s biggest buyer of commodities — tightens credit.

Answer 126

decrepit On the other hand many individuals continue to go to great lengths to preserve enjoyment in whatever they do. I used to know an old man in one of the **decrepit** suburbs of Naples who made a precarious living out of a ramshackle antique store his family had owned for generations.

Answer 127

rozprawić się z czymś As U.S. sanctions grew more powerful, they scored some notable wins. The George W. Bush administration **cracked down on** terrorist ¼nancing and money laundering, as governments bent over backward to retain their access to the U.S. financial system.

Answer 128

nijaki, mdły “You’ve never seen so many prominent Asians looked upon as equal, you never saw those images,” he adds. “We’re contributing something to the culture that’s not **watered down**, that’s not derivative — it’s the ultimate validation.”

Answer 129

tu: seria Fisker and Nio are taking an assetlight route by using contract manufacturers of the sort used by big carmakers to make small **runs** of cars or those with finicky features such as folding roofs.

Answer 130

the purse strings It can take up to 10 years to develop a new copper project, assuming all the approvals are in place. So even if the mining industry, swayed by higher prices, opened **the purse strings** now it may already be too late to prevent large supply deficits later in the decade.

Answer 131

to call somebody names It’s not that I mind **being called names**, but there needs to be a prize worth winning or preserving in order to justify running such gauntlets, and I'm not sure that this is the case here.

Answer 132

mounting When one brave soul from Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s ruling party decided to confront him about **mounting** public discontent over the economy, he was met with short shrift.

Answer 133

to smother The government grew more aggressive after a now-infamous speech by tech billionaire Jack Ma last October, in which he angered regulators by criticizing them for **smothering** innovation. Mr. Xi halted the IPO of Ant Group, in which Mr. Ma is the controlling shareholder, soon after.

Answer 134

tenuous Rad, however, would accuse IAC of whitewashing the incident in order to keep Blatt in his position as chief executive in 2017 so he could manipulate the Tinder valuation exercise. A New York judge earlier this summer ruled that Rad could not offer this theory at trial, believing it was **tenuous**.

Answer 135

zmniejszyć się, osłabić się (to fall off from a standard) The big reason such arguments no longer fall on deaf ears is ExxonMobil’s once mighty reputation for being tightly run has **slipped**.

Answer 136

to look upon somebody “You’ve never seen so many prominent Asians **looked upon** as equal, you never saw those images,” he adds. “We’re contributing something to the culture that’s not watered down, that’s not derivative — it’s the ultimate validation.”

Answer 137

swoboda działania The vaguely worded clause, analysts and legal experts say, gives authorities considerably more **leeway** to control data deemed essential to the state, while making it harder for businesses, both Chinese and foreign, to say no.

Answer 138

to run the gauntlet It’s not that I mind being called names, but there needs to be a prize worth winning or preserving in order to justify **running such gauntlets**, and I'm not sure that this is the case here.

Answer 139

cachet In theory, superpowers should possess a range o foreign policy tools: military might, cultural **cachet**, diplomatic persuasion, technological prowess, economic aid, and so on. But to anyone paying attention to U.S. foreign policy for the past decade, it has become obvious that the United States relies on one tool above all: economic sanctions.

Answer 140

rzucać grochem o ścianę; trafiać w próżnię (np. prośby, wołania) The big reason such arguments no longer **fall on deaf ears** is ExxonMobil’s once mighty reputation for being tightly run has slipped.

Answer 141

case in point Sceptics are also quick to point out that not all commodities are in short supply. A **case in point** is oil, where Opec and its allies have yet to fully unwind the huge production cuts from April 2020.

Answer 142

to fall on deaf ears The big reason such arguments no longer **fall on deaf ears** is ExxonMobil’s once mighty reputation for being tightly run has slipped.

Answer 143

nadawać, przyznawać (np. tytuł, status) As cars become more like personal electronic devices, being tech firms first and carmakers second may **confer** an advantage.

Answer 144

to stifle Beijing is also intensifying the pressure on foreign firms operating in China to keep records gathered from local customers inside the country, so the government has more authority over the records. Western ompanies have long complained such “data-localization” requirements could **stifle** innovation in their global operations or enable Chinese authorities to steal their proprietary information.

Answer 145

power train But it is not enough to stick big touchscreens onto a standard electric **power train**, as many of the Chinese Tesla copycats are doing. The over-the-air software updates, proprietary charging networks and online direct sales pioneered by the American firm are now seen as table stakes.

Answer 146

to uplift Senior officials have publicly likened Tesla to a “catfish” rather than a “shark,” saying the company could **uplift** the auto sector the way working with Apple and Motorola Mobility LLC helped elevate China’s smartphone and telecommunications industries.

Answer 147

in the way of something Yet for every success, there were more failures. The United States has imposed decades-long sanctions on Belarus, Cuba, Russia, Syria, and Zimbabwe with little to show **in the way of** tangible results.

Answer 148

smelter Surrounded by small villages, the mine employs about 7,000 workers and has its own road for trucks to carry rock to a nearby **smelter**. The company is also upgrading a 40-year-old hydropower station on the Congo River to provide electricity to run the mine.

Answer 149

zawodowy (np. ryzyko zawodowe) Professor Maier-Leibnitz suffers from an **occupational** handicap common to academicians: having to sit through endless, often boring conferences.

Answer 150

crude **Crude** prices are, of course, cyclical by nature. They will fall again at some point, in contrast to the carbon dioxide relentlessly accumulating in the air as more oil is burned.

Answer 151

przez co; z powodu którego The Trump administration ratcheted up U.S. economic pressure against Iran, North Korea, and Venezuela as part of its “maximum pressure” campaigns to block even minor evasions of economic restrictions. The efforts also relied on what are known as “secondary sanctions,” **whereby** third-party countries and companies are threatened with economic coercion if they do not agree to participate in sanctioning the initial target.

Answer 152

to reap But if one gets to be too complacent, feeling that psychic energy invested in new directions is wasted unless there is a good chance of **reaping** extrinsic rewards for it, one may end up no longer enjoying life, and pleasure becomes the only source of positive experience.

Answer 153

afterthought “For the Japanese, foreign markets were an **afterthought**. The Chinese cut their platforms off from the rest of the world. But for the Koreans, it has always been about exports.”

Answer 154

to be in somebody's good graces Because financial institutions care about their global reputation and wish to **stay in the good graces** o U.S. regulators, they tend to comply eagerly with sanctions and even preemptively dump clients seen as too risky.

Answer 155

to acquiesce In every case, the target suffered severe economic costs yet made no concessions. Not even Venezuela, a bankrupt socialist state experiencing hyperinflation in the United States’ backyard, **acquiesced**.

Answer 156

sycophant Yet the Turkish president, surrounded by **sycophants** and dogged by rumours about his health, appears either unable or unwilling to listen to those urging him to change course.

Answer 157

ryzykować coś, narażać się komuś It’s not that I mind being called names, but there needs to be a prize worth winning or preserving in order to justify **running such gauntlets**, and I'm not sure that this is the case here.

Answer 158

flagrant Lee Raymond, a formidable former boss of the T exan titan, once told your correspondent to get out of his office after being challenged over his **flagrant** denial of climate science.

Answer 159

impetus Commodities have enjoyed a dizzying run over the past year, initially on the back of strong demand from China and more recently other big economies. Supply disruptions have provided further **impetus**.

Answer 160

descendant Heinz Maier-Leibnitz, the famous German experimental physicist and a **descendant** of the eighteenth-century philosopher and mathematician, provides an intriguing example of how one can take control of a boring ituation and turn it into a mildly enjoyable one.

Answer 161

run Fisker and Nio are taking an assetlight route by using contract manufacturers of the sort used by big carmakers to make small **runs** of cars or those with finicky features such as folding roofs.

Answer 162

przynęta; sum; *person who pretends to be someone else online to find friends or romantic partners* Senior officials have publicly likened Tesla to a “**catfish**” rather than a “shark,” saying the company could uplift the auto sector the way working with Apple and Motorola Mobility LLC helped elevate China’s smartphone and telecommunications industries.

Answer 163

sophomore A more chronic example of psychic entropy is the case of Jim Harris, a greatly talented high school **sophomore** who was in one of our surveys.

Answer 164

lutować As the movie projectors pass in front of him on the assembly line, he is distracted and can hardly keep up the rhythm of moves necessary for **soldering** the connections that are his responsibility.

Answer 165

down The old fable continues to echo **down** the centuries. The waiting rooms of psychiatrists are filled with rich and successful patients who, in their forties or fifties, suddenly wake up to the fact that a plush suburban home, expensive cars, and even an Ivy League education are not enough to bring peace of mind.

Answer 166

tu: wykorzystywać (np. dane, informacje) Behind China’s moves is a growing sense among leaders that data accumulated by the private sector should in essence be considered a national asset, which can be **tapped** or restricted according to the state’s needs, according to the people involved in policy making.

Answer 167

to drop off Every two weeks, pallets of goods—ranging from 1,500 to 3,000 bottles—are **dropped off** from the factory at a workshop attached to their garage, which serves as a makeshift warehouse.

Answer 168

tree-hugging Now carbon-bashing is spreading beyond **tree-hugging** Europe. Earlier this year activist badgering had already prompted ExxonMobil to unveil plans for a new “low carbon solutions” division, which will develop technologies to capture carbon and store it underground.

Answer 169

bycie przesadnie ekologicznym Now carbon-bashing is spreading beyond **tree-hugging** Europe. Earlier this year activist badgering had already prompted ExxonMobil to unveil plans for a new “low carbon solutions” division, which will develop technologies to capture carbon and store it underground.

Answer 170

by the numbers “It’s not that the executives were bigoted, necessarily. But they go **by the numbers**, and we didn’t have the metrics to convince them.”

Answer 171

handily But deep down many investors may still worry that the green shift will destroy shareholder value. Thanks to dearer oil ExxonMobil has clawed back $110bn in market capitalisation since October, **handily** besting the European giants whose promised wind and solar projects are years away from profitability and could meanwhile eat into their dividends.

Answer 172

very Activities that provide enjoyment are often those that have been designed for this **very** purpose. Games, sports, and artistic and literary forms were developed over the centuries for the express purpose of enriching life with enjoyable experiences.

Answer 173

to interdict The Trump administration threatened to raise tarifs and shut down the U.S.-Mexican border to compel Mexico to **interdict** Central American migrants; in response, the Mexican government deployed its new National Guard to restrict the flow.

Answer 174

pokonać kogoś (np. w walce) But deep down many investors may still worry that the green shift will destroy shareholder value. Thanks to dearer oil ExxonMobil has clawed back $110bn in market capitalisation since October, handily **besting** the European giants whose promised wind and solar projects are years away from profitability and could meanwhile eat into their dividends.

Answer 175

to tap Behind China’s moves is a growing sense among leaders that data accumulated by the private sector should in essence be considered a national asset, which can be **tapped** or restricted according to the state’s needs, according to the people involved in policy making.

Answer 176

on the back of something Commodities have enjoyed a dizzying run over the past year, initially **on the back of** strong demand from China and more recently other big economies. Supply disruptions have provided further impetus.

Answer 177

aplauz, uznanie That investment may have brought Korean content to the world’s attention. But it also highlights the scale of the challenge facing Korean entertainment companies seeking to increase their market share. South Korea may have gained the **plaudits** for the success of Squid Game, say observers, but Netflix made the money.

Answer 178

zapożyczony, naśladowczy (np. styl pisarski), imitujący “You’ve never seen so many prominent Asians looked upon as equal, you never saw those images,” he adds. “We’re contributing something to the culture that’s not watered down, that’s not **derivative** — it’s the ultimate validation.”

Answer 179

z tych samych powodów; tym samym A self that is only differentiated—not integrated—may attain great individual accomplishments, but risks being mired in self-centered egotism. **By the same token**, a person whose self is based exclusively on integration will be connected and secure, but lack autonomous individuality.

Answer 180

catfish Senior officials have publicly likened Tesla to a “**catfish**” rather than a “shark,” saying the company could uplift the auto sector the way working with Apple and Motorola Mobility LLC helped elevate China’s smartphone and telecommunications industries.

Answer 181

with alacrity In 2005, when the United States designated the Macao-based bank Banco Delta Asia as a moneylaundering concern working on behal o North Korea, even Chinese banks responded **with alacrity** to limit their exposure.

Answer 182

wydatki, pieniądze (np. rodziny, organizacji) It can take up to 10 years to develop a new copper project, assuming all the approvals are in place. So even if the mining industry, swayed by higher prices, opened **the purse strings** now it may already be too late to prevent large supply deficits later in the decade.

Answer 183

to cast a pall over something These questions kept intruding in his mind, disrupting concentration on his work and **throwing a pall on** his moods.

Answer 184

zasypywanie pytaniami Now carbon-bashing is spreading beyond tree-hugging Europe. Earlier this year activist **badgering** had already prompted ExxonMobil to unveil plans for a new “low carbon solutions” division, which will develop technologies to capture carbon and store it underground.

Answer 185

odszukiwać coś (np. informację, zdjęcie) As a young lawyer in a small partnership, she is fortunate to be involved in complex, challenging cases. She spends hours in the library, **chasing down** references and outlining possible courses of action for the senior partners of the firm to follow.

Answer 186

tchórz The state trumps biology nowadays by defining who can call themselves the child’s parents. Under assault from the bullying power of LGBT activists, the chronic dishonesty and abdication of journalists, the say-so of multinational corporations, and the **craven** self-interest of politicians, virtually the entirety of family protections was being dismantled and rewritten.

Answer 187

ekscytujący One of our respondents, a well-known West Coast rock climber, explains concisely the tie between the avocation that gives him a profound sense of flow and the rest of his life: “It’s **exhilarating** to come closer and closer to self-discipline. You make your body go and everything hurts; then you look back in awe at the self, at what you’ve done, it just blows your mind. It leads to ecstasy, to self-fulfillment. If you win these battles enough, that battle against yourself, at least for a moment, it becomes easier to win the battles in the world.”

Answer 188

stopniowo zwiększać The Trump administration **ratcheted up** U.S. economic pressure against Iran, North Korea, and Venezuela as part of its “maximum pressure” campaigns to block even minor evasions of economic restrictions. The efforts also relied on what are known as “secondary sanctions,” whereby third-party countries and companies are threatened with economic coercion if they do not agree to participate in sanctioning the initial target.

Answer 189

to draw down The United States’ most successful use of economic sanctions in this period came during the 1956 Suez crisis. Outraged by the British-French-Israeli invasion of Egypt, Washington prevented the United Kingdom from **drawing down** its International Monetary Fund reserves to defend its currency. The subsequent run on the pound forced London to withdraw its troops.

Answer 190

aż za bardzo; bardzo It becomes **all too** easy to settle down within the narrow boundaries of the self developed in adolescence. But if one gets to be too complacent, feeling that psychic energy invested in new directions is wasted unless there is a good chance of reaping extrinsic rewards for it, one may end up no longer enjoying life, and pleasure becomes the only source of positive experience.

Answer 191

kosić (np. trawę) **Mowing** the lawn or waiting in a dentist’s office can become enjoyable provided one restructures the activity by providing goals, rules, and the other elements of enjoyment to be reviewed below.

Answer 192

oznaczać This has **translated into** a proliferation of metaverse platforms where users can use cryptocurrency to purchase digital assets such as virtual clothes, videos, or parcels of land.

Answer 193

nieszkodliwy For instance, if Julio had had more money or some credit, his problem would have been perfectly **innocuous**. If in the past he had invested more psychic energy in making friends on the job, the flat tire would not have created panic, because he could have always asked one of his co-workers to give him a ride for a few days.

Answer 194

udaremnić The FBI partnered with law enforcement in 17 countries in total as part of the operation. For these groups, Trojan Shield was an unprecedented coup, yielding some 800 arrests and leading to the seizure of $48m in cash and cryptocurrencies, as well as more than 32 tonnes of drugs. More than 100 murder plots were also **thwarted**.

Answer 195

smakosz A **gourmet** enjoys eating, as does anyone who pays enough attention to a meal so as to discriminate the various sensations provided by it.

Answer 196

restorative Pleasure is an important component of the quality of life, but by itself it does not bring happiness. Sleep, rest, food, and sex provide **restorative** homeostatic experiences that return consciousness to order after the needs of the body intrude and cause psychic entropy to occur.

Answer 197

media outlet “The only way of finding mainstream success in the US at the time was through traditional **media outlets** such as TV, radio, and the printed press,” says Cho. “It was just before the dawn of social media platforms — he missed out by just a few months.”

Answer 198

osoba nietolerancyjna (np. rasista, antysemita) “It’s not that the executives were **bigoted**, necessarily. But they go by the numbers, and we didn’t have the metrics to convince them.”

Answer 199

thrift “If raw materials prices are rising quickly, you look at opportunities for **thrift**,” he says. “The notion the price will go to fanciful numbers on a sustainable basis . . . that [scenario] tells the market you can’t deliver supplies and consumers will look elsewhere.”

Answer 200

to crack down on As U.S. sanctions grew more powerful, they scored some notable wins. The George W. Bush administration **cracked down on** terrorist ¼nancing and money laundering, as governments bent over backward to retain their access to the U.S. financial system.

Answer 201

wysokogatunkowy; wysokoprocentowy (o rudzie) Kamoa-Kakula in the Democratic Republic of Congo is a rare commodity in the modern resources industry: a **high-grade** copper mine that one day could produce enough metal to satisfy more than 5 per cent of China’s annual demand.

Answer 202

zmącić nastrój czegoś *pall = chmura* These questions kept intruding in his mind, disrupting concentration on his work and **throwing a pall on** his moods.

Answer 203

tania sztuczka, chwyt (np. reklamowy, marketingowy) Ultimately, buyers will decide which of these are desirable features and which are **gimmicks**.

Answer 204

przytulić się (do kogoś), wtulić się (w coś) Passing his hand over the warm fabric, Jim remembered the cozy feeling of being **snuggled** up to his dad in the smoky tent, while the loons were laughing across the lake.

Answer 205

to translate into This has **translated into** a proliferation of metaverse platforms where users can use cryptocurrency to purchase digital assets such as virtual clothes, videos, or parcels of land.

Answer 206

feeding frenzy Arrival and sever al of the American firms have used mergers with special purpose acquisition companies , or spacs, as a shortcut to public markets—and to valuations in the billions. Patrick von Herz of Lincoln International, an in vestment bank, calls it a “ global **feeding frenzy**”.

Answer 207

skrupulatny Like the runner who trains for years to shave a few seconds off his best performance on the track, Rico has trained himself to better his time on the assembly line. With the **painstaking** care of a surgeon, he has worked out a private routine for how to use his tools, how to do his moves.

Answer 208

niewątpliwie, zdecydowanie; bardzo dużo A new entrant needs a trusted name, deep pockets and a proven ability to come up with clever tech. One company that has all those **in spades** is Apple. The iPhonemaker has been working on an EV for several years. The latest chatter is that it will have one in production by the middle of the decade. Some of its potential competitors will by then be well on the way to oblivion.

Answer 209

to hobble Investments in renewables are ramping up. But bottlenecks in supply chains, site approvals and finance could still **hobble** deep reductions in emissions.

Answer 210

heft The ability to influence the world, even if indirectly, is proportional to a country’s cultural **heft**.

Answer 211

mieć potencjał “We see potential for a multi-decade commodity cycle ahead, driven by decarbonisation of the global economy and a shift to cleaner energy,” says Tal Lomnitzer, a fund manager at Janus Henderson. “It **has more legs** to it than the China boom of the early 2000s.”

Answer 212

zgodnie z zasadami “It’s not that the executives were bigoted, necessarily. But they go **by the numbers**, and we didn’t have the metrics to convince them.”

Answer 213

ropa naftowa **Crude** prices are, of course, cyclical by nature. They will fall again at some point, in contrast to the carbon dioxide relentlessly accumulating in the air as more oil is burned.

Answer 214

dźwignąć Senior officials have publicly likened Tesla to a “catfish” rather than a “shark,” saying the company could **uplift** the auto sector the way working with Apple and Motorola Mobility LLC helped elevate China’s smartphone and telecommunications industries.

Answer 215

watered down “You’ve never seen so many prominent Asians looked upon as equal, you never saw those images,” he adds. “We’re contributing something to the culture that’s not **watered down**, that’s not derivative — it’s the ultimate validation.”

Answer 216

to make whole “The part of you that maybe you were suppressing — the Korean part of you — all of a sudden that part of you is shining, and it just **makes you whole**,” says Hong, who grew up in New York.

Answer 217

w następstwie czegoś Commodities have enjoyed a dizzying run over the past year, initially **on the back of** strong demand from China and more recently other big economies. Supply disruptions have provided further impetus.

Answer 218

to contest Closing a **contested** business deal, or any piece of work well done, is enjoyable. None of these experiences may be particularly pleasurable at the time they are taking place, but afterward we think back on them and say, “That really was fun” and wish they would happen again.

Answer 219

znaczenie; wpływ The ability to influence the world, even if indirectly, is proportional to a country’s cultural **heft**.

Answer 220

gospodarność, oszczędność “If raw materials prices are rising quickly, you look at opportunities for **thrift**,” he says. “The notion the price will go to fanciful numbers on a sustainable basis . . . that [scenario] tells the market you can’t deliver supplies and consumers will look elsewhere.”

Answer 221

radzić sobie finansowo, dawać sobie radę “Right now there is a large group of people who cannot meet their basic needs. About 30 per cent of the electorate cannot **get by**. This is the fundamental reason why people are leaving the AKP.”

Answer 222

środek masowego przekazu (np. telewizja) “The only way of finding mainstream success in the US at the time was through traditional **media outlets** such as TV, radio, and the printed press,” says Cho. “It was just before the dawn of social media platforms — he missed out by just a few months.”

Answer 223

zgoda; akceptacja The state trumps biology nowadays by defining who can call themselves the child’s parents. Under assault from the bullying power of LGBT activists, the chronic dishonesty and abdication of journalists, the **say-so** of multinational corporations, and the craven self-interest of politicians, virtually the entirety of family protections was being dismantled and rewritten.

Answer 224

painstaking Like the runner who trains for years to shave a few seconds off his best performance on the track, Rico has trained himself to better his time on the assembly line. With the **painstaking** care of a surgeon, he has worked out a private routine for how to use his tools, how to do his moves.

Answer 225

petrolhead Another potentially lucrative niche is the hypercar. Wealthy **petrolheads** seem willing to fork out $2m or so to add to their stables. Rimac and Pininfarina of Italy also see these cars as testbeds for EV technology to sell to other car firms.

Answer 226

najeźdźca (osoba składająca ofertę przejęcia firmy) Senior officials have publicly likened Tesla to a “catfish” rather than a “**shark**,” saying the company could uplift the auto sector the way working with Apple and Motorola Mobility LLC helped elevate China’s smartphone and telecommunications industries.