Deck no. 22 Flashcards
propulsion
napęd
In May, London-listed Tirupati Graphite said it had developed a graphene-aluminium composite material that it said had conductivity similar to copper. The company is working with Rolls-Royce on using it to replace copper in thermal, power and propulsion systems, according to a person familiar with the company.
aż za bardzo; bardzo
all too
It becomes all too easy to settle down within the narrow boundaries of the self developed in adolescence. But if one gets to be too complacent, feeling that psychic energy invested in new directions is wasted unless there is a good chance of reaping extrinsic rewards for it, one may end up no longer enjoying life, and pleasure becomes the only source of positive experience.
masakra, rzeź
bloodbath
Many new firms won’t get that far. Several have already suffered setbacks. Dyson, a British firm better known for vacuum cleaners, sank £500m ($640m) into an EV effort only to conclude in 2019 that it would never make money. The same year Nio teetered on the brink of bankruptcy until the local government in its home city of Hefei bailed it out. A bloodbath awaits China’s myriad smaller EV firms as they run out of ideas and money.
nabywać udziały w czymś (np. w firmie)
to buy into something
At the same time, the Korean gaming sector, which dwarfs those of K-pop, film and television is buying into Korean and western content producers and companies specialising in creating virtual worlds known as the “metaverse”.
okazać się niespodzianką
to come as a surprise
It should come as no surprise that they have opted to endure economic pain in lieu of making such massive concessions.
kiedyś, dawniej
back in the day
Back in the day, the United States needed European markets far more than the United Kingdom and France needed a fledgling country in the New World; the Embargo Act cost the United States far more than it did the European great powers.
gingerly
ostrożnie, delikatnie
The factory was out in the suburbs, about twenty miles from where he lived, and he simply had to reach it by 8:00 A.M. The only solution Julio could think of was to drive gingerly to the service station in the morning, fill the tire with air, and then drive to work as quickly as possible.
stopniowo zwiększać
to ratchet up
The Trump administration ratcheted up U.S. economic pressure against Iran, North Korea, and Venezuela as part of its “maximum pressure” campaigns to block even minor evasions of economic restrictions. The efforts also relied on what are known as “secondary sanctions,” whereby third-party countries and companies are threatened with economic coercion if they do not agree to participate in sanctioning the initial target.
nadawać, przyznawać (np. tytuł, status)
to confer
As cars become more like personal electronic devices, being tech firms first and carmakers second may confer an advantage.
zawodowy (np. ryzyko zawodowe)
occupational
Professor Maier-Leibnitz suffers from an occupational handicap common to academicians: having to sit through endless, often boring conferences.
close
wyrównany (np. o grze)
Enjoyment is characterized by this forward movement: by a sense of novelty, of accomplishment. Playing a close game of tennis that stretches one’s ability is enjoyable, as is reading a book that reveals things in a new light, as is having a conversation that leads us to express ideas we didn’t know we had.
to drop off
dostarczyć
Every two weeks, pallets of goods—ranging from 1,500 to 3,000 bottles—are dropped off from the factory at a workshop attached to their garage, which serves as a makeshift warehouse.
feeding frenzy
szum medialny, burza medialna
Arrival and sever al of the American firms have used mergers with special purpose acquisition companies , or spacs, as a shortcut to public markets—and to valuations in the billions. Patrick von Herz of Lincoln International, an in vestment bank, calls it a “ global feeding frenzy”.
ostrożnie, delikatnie
gingerly
The factory was out in the suburbs, about twenty miles from where he lived, and he simply had to reach it by 8:00 A.M. The only solution Julio could think of was to drive gingerly to the service station in the morning, fill the tire with air, and then drive to work as quickly as possible.
to come as a surprise
okazać się niespodzianką
It should come as no surprise that they have opted to endure economic pain in lieu of making such massive concessions.
tenuous
słaby, nieprzekonujący (np. argument)
Rad, however, would accuse IAC of whitewashing the incident in order to keep Blatt in his position as chief executive in 2017 so he could manipulate the Tinder valuation exercise. A New York judge earlier this summer ruled that Rad could not offer this theory at trial, believing it was tenuous.
to pitch in
wziąć się do pracy, dołączyć się do pomocy
In idle moments between remote classes conducted on Zoom, their 15- and 16-year-old daughters help pack boxes, and write personalized notes thanking customers. Their 25-year-old son, their eldest daughter and Mrs. Wilsondebriano’s mother all pitch in when they’re available.
niewątpliwie, zdecydowanie; bardzo dużo
in spades
A new entrant needs a trusted name, deep pockets and a proven ability to come up with clever tech. One company that has all those in spades is Apple. The iPhonemaker has been working on an EV for several years. The latest chatter is that it will have one in production by the middle of the decade. Some of its potential competitors will by then be well on the way to oblivion.
najeźdźca (osoba składająca ofertę przejęcia firmy)
shark
Senior officials have publicly likened Tesla to a “catfish” rather than a “shark,” saying the company could uplift the auto sector the way working with Apple and Motorola Mobility LLC helped elevate China’s smartphone and telecommunications industries.
bashing
nagonka
Now carbon-bashing is spreading beyond tree-hugging Europe. Earlier this year activist badgering had already prompted ExxonMobil to unveil plans for a new “low carbon solutions” division, which will develop technologies to capture carbon and store it underground.
zestaw, partia, seria
the lot
Consumers hungry for new tech and a government keen to support electrification have given China’s insurgents a headstart. Nio , the largest of the lot, made 44,000 cars in 2020.
actor
uczestnik
These sanctions have proved more potent. Whereas restrictions on trade incentivize private-sector actors to resort to black-market operations, the opposite dynamic is at play with measures concerning dollar transactions.
lutować
to solder
As the movie projectors pass in front of him on the assembly line, he is distracted and can hardly keep up the rhythm of moves necessary for soldering the connections that are his responsibility.
decrepit
rozpadający się
On the other hand many individuals continue to go to great lengths to preserve enjoyment in whatever they do. I used to know an old man in one of the decrepit suburbs of Naples who made a precarious living out of a ramshackle antique store his family had owned for generations.
zastrzeżony (np. o informacji)
proprietary
“It’s reducing a proprietary advantage companies like Tesla have,” says Lester Ross, a Beijing-based lawyer at WilmerHale, who advises American firms operating in China.
napęd
propulsion
In May, London-listed Tirupati Graphite said it had developed a graphene-aluminium composite material that it said had conductivity similar to copper. The company is working with Rolls-Royce on using it to replace copper in thermal, power and propulsion systems, according to a person familiar with the company.
oblivion
zapomnienie, niepamięć
A new entrant needs a trusted name, deep pockets and a proven ability to come up with clever tech. One company that has all those in spades is Apple. The iPhonemaker has been working on an EV for several years. The latest chatter is that it will have one in production by the middle of the decade. Some of its potential competitors will by then be well on the way to oblivion.
slick
dobrze zrobiony ale bez głębi, powierzchowny, płytki, trywialny (np. film, reklama, prezentacja)
We imagine the satisfaction of traveling to exotic places or being surrounded by interesting company and expensive gadgets. If we cannot afford those goals that slick commercials and colorful ads keep reminding us to pursue, then we are happy to settle for a quiet evening in front of the television set with a glass of liquor close by.
smakosz
gourmet
A gourmet enjoys eating, as does anyone who pays enough attention to a meal so as to discriminate the various sensations provided by it.
tchórz
craven
The state trumps biology nowadays by defining who can call themselves the child’s parents. Under assault from the bullying power of LGBT activists, the chronic dishonesty and abdication of journalists, the say-so of multinational corporations, and the craven self-interest of politicians, virtually the entirety of family protections was being dismantled and rewritten.
to draw down
czerpać z zasobów finansowych
The United States’ most successful use of economic sanctions in this period came during the 1956 Suez crisis. Outraged by the British-French-Israeli invasion of Egypt, Washington prevented the United Kingdom from drawing down its International Monetary Fund reserves to defend its currency. The subsequent run on the pound forced London to withdraw its troops.
to stifle
tu: spowalniać (np. postęp)
Beijing is also intensifying the pressure on foreign firms operating in China to keep records gathered from local customers inside the country, so the government has more authority over the records. Western ompanies have long complained such “data-localization” requirements could stifle innovation in their global operations or enable Chinese authorities to steal their proprietary information.
to call somebody names
wyzywać kogoś, przezywać, obrzucać wyzwiskami
It’s not that I mind being called names, but there needs to be a prize worth winning or preserving in order to justify running such gauntlets, and I’m not sure that this is the case here.
wziąć się do pracy, dołączyć się do pomocy
to pitch in
In idle moments between remote classes conducted on Zoom, their 15- and 16-year-old daughters help pack boxes, and write personalized notes thanking customers. Their 25-year-old son, their eldest daughter and Mrs. Wilsondebriano’s mother all pitch in when they’re available.
rebuke
nagana, upomnienie, reprymenda (za coś)
Darren Woods, who currently does Mr Raymond’s old job, does not deny that climate change is real. And he must now contend with the biggest rebuke to the firm’s management in living memory.
zdecydowane kroki, ograniczenie, ściślejsza kontrola
clampdown
Authorities are taking action even before the laws take effect, as part of the tech clampdown.
day in day out
dzień po dniu, dzień w dzień, codziennie
Without enjoyment life can be endured, and it can even be pleasant. But it can be so only precariously, depending on luck and the cooperation of the external environment. To gain personal control over the quality of experience, however, one needs to learn how to build enjoyment into what happens day in, day out.
zwiększyć
to amp up
The Obama administration amped up sanctions against Iran, which drove the country to negotiate a deal restricting its nuclear program in return for the lifting o some sanctions.
afterthought
dodatek, uzupełnienie
“For the Japanese, foreign markets were an afterthought. The Chinese cut their platforms off from the rest of the world. But for the Koreans, it has always been about exports.”
zapożyczony, naśladowczy (np. styl pisarski), imitujący
derivative
“You’ve never seen so many prominent Asians looked upon as equal, you never saw those images,” he adds. “We’re contributing something to the culture that’s not watered down, that’s not derivative — it’s the ultimate validation.”
sycophant
pochlebca, lizus
Yet the Turkish president, surrounded by sycophants and dogged by rumours about his health, appears either unable or unwilling to listen to those urging him to change course.
odszukiwać coś (np. informację, zdjęcie)
to chase down
As a young lawyer in a small partnership, she is fortunate to be involved in complex, challenging cases. She spends hours in the library, chasing down references and outlining possible courses of action for the senior partners of the firm to follow.
wrócić na złą drogę, wrócić do dawnego nałogu
to backslide
Activists have also clamored for sanctions on China for its persecution o the Uyghurs, on Hungary for its democratic backsliding, and on Israel for its treatment o the Palestinians.
zdrowy rozum, zdolności
wit
I enjoy the clash of wits involved in bargaining, when two persons try to outdo each other with ruses and with eloquence. She didn’t even flinch. She didn’t know any better.
mounting
wzrastający
When one brave soul from Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s ruling party decided to confront him about mounting public discontent over the economy, he was met with short shrift.
kończyć się, wyczerpywać się, zanikać
to peter out
Many economists believe the current boom in commodity prices is cyclical rather than structural and can be explained by strong Chinese demand, a post-pandemic economic recovery in Europe and the US overlaid with supply chain disruptions. They expect the rally to peter out as China — still the world’s biggest buyer of commodities — tightens credit.
to buy into something
nabywać udziały w czymś (np. w firmie)
At the same time, the Korean gaming sector, which dwarfs those of K-pop, film and television is buying into Korean and western content producers and companies specialising in creating virtual worlds known as the “metaverse”.
to claw back
odzyskać coś, odrobić coś; odzyskanie pieniędzy, które wcześniej przeznaczyło się na jakiś cel
But deep down many investors may still worry that the green shift will destroy shareholder value. Thanks to dearer oil ExxonMobil has clawed back $110bn in market capitalisation since October, handily besting the European giants whose promised wind and solar projects are years away from profitability and could meanwhile eat into their dividends.
odzyskać coś, odrobić coś; odzyskanie pieniędzy, które wcześniej przeznaczyło się na jakiś cel
to claw back
But deep down many investors may still worry that the green shift will destroy shareholder value. Thanks to dearer oil ExxonMobil has clawed back $110bn in market capitalisation since October, handily besting the European giants whose promised wind and solar projects are years away from profitability and could meanwhile eat into their dividends.
petrolhead
maniak motoryzacyjny, automaniak
Another potentially lucrative niche is the hypercar. Wealthy petrolheads seem willing to fork out $2m or so to add to their stables. Rimac and Pininfarina of Italy also see these cars as testbeds for EV technology to sell to other car firms.
sztywny (np. o osobie)
stodgy
Identifying the right segment may not be enough, however. Brian Gu, president of Xpeng, admits that the new firms must offer something truly different. For years the industry’s technologically stodgier incumbents “didn’t realise it was a tech race”, says Peter Rawlinson, who runs Lucid.
smelter
huta
Surrounded by small villages, the mine employs about 7,000 workers and has its own road for trucks to carry rock to a nearby smelter. The company is also upgrading a 40-year-old hydropower station on the Congo River to provide electricity to run the mine.
to interdict
powstrzymywać (np. postęp wojsk); zakazywać (gdy sąd zabrania czegoś)
The Trump administration threatened to raise tarifs and shut down the U.S.-Mexican border to compel Mexico to interdict Central American migrants; in response, the Mexican government deployed its new National Guard to restrict the flow.
nieporęczny (np. pakunek); niewydolny (np. organizacja, system)
unwieldy
All these varieties of disorder force attention to be diverted to undesirable objects, leaving us no longer free to use it according to our preferences. Psychic energy becomes unwieldy and ineffective.
to throw one’s weight around
rządzić się, panoszyć się, szarogęsić się
The truth is that Washington’s fixation with sanctions has little to do with their efficacy and everything to do with something else: American decline. No longer an unchallenged superpower, the United States can’t throw its weight around the way it used to.
dzień po dniu, dzień w dzień, codziennie
day in day out
Without enjoyment life can be endured, and it can even be pleasant. But it can be so only precariously, depending on luck and the cooperation of the external environment. To gain personal control over the quality of experience, however, one needs to learn how to build enjoyment into what happens day in, day out.
zapomnienie, niepamięć
oblivion
A new entrant needs a trusted name, deep pockets and a proven ability to come up with clever tech. One company that has all those in spades is Apple. The iPhonemaker has been working on an EV for several years. The latest chatter is that it will have one in production by the middle of the decade. Some of its potential competitors will by then be well on the way to oblivion.
dyżurny
go-to
Sanctions—measures taken by one country to disrupt economic exchange with another—have become the go-to solution for nearly every foreign policy problem.
restorative
wzmacniający, odnawiający
Pleasure is an important component of the quality of life, but by itself it does not bring happiness. Sleep, rest, food, and sex provide restorative homeostatic experiences that return consciousness to order after the needs of the body intrude and cause psychic entropy to occur.
to get one’s way
postawić na swoim
Engine No.1 didn’t quite get its way: it had put forward four candidates. But as David Larck er of Stanford’ s Graduate School of Business observes, it is “extremely rare” for a compan y the size of Exx onMobil to elect even one dissident director, let alone two or three.
osoba nietolerancyjna (np. rasista, antysemita)
bigot
“It’s not that the executives were bigoted, necessarily. But they go by the numbers, and we didn’t have the metrics to convince them.”
z tych samych powodów; tym samym
by the same token
A self that is only differentiated—not integrated—may attain great individual accomplishments, but risks being mired in self-centered egotism. By the same token, a person whose self is based exclusively on integration will be connected and secure, but lack autonomous individuality.
rule of the road
kodeks drogowy
Digital markets. New rules of the road. Trustbusters compete to look tough on technology giants.
go-to
dyżurny
Sanctions—measures taken by one country to disrupt economic exchange with another—have become the go-to solution for nearly every foreign policy problem.
to acquiesce
ustępować, zgadzać się, ulegać
In every case, the target suffered severe economic costs yet made no concessions. Not even Venezuela, a bankrupt socialist state experiencing hyperinflation in the United States’ backyard, acquiesced.
handily
z łatwością
But deep down many investors may still worry that the green shift will destroy shareholder value. Thanks to dearer oil ExxonMobil has clawed back $110bn in market capitalisation since October, handily besting the European giants whose promised wind and solar projects are years away from profitability and could meanwhile eat into their dividends.
rządzić się, panoszyć się, szarogęsić się
to throw one’s weight around
The truth is that Washington’s fixation with sanctions has little to do with their efficacy and everything to do with something else: American decline. No longer an unchallenged superpower, the United States can’t throw its weight around the way it used to.
to peter out
kończyć się, wyczerpywać się, zanikać
Many economists believe the current boom in commodity prices is cyclical rather than structural and can be explained by strong Chinese demand, a post-pandemic economic recovery in Europe and the US overlaid with supply chain disruptions. They expect the rally to peter out as China — still the world’s biggest buyer of commodities — tightens credit.
radzić sobie finansowo, dawać sobie radę
to get by
“Right now there is a large group of people who cannot meet their basic needs. About 30 per cent of the electorate cannot get by. This is the fundamental reason why people are leaving the AKP.”
man of the moment
bohater pierwszych stron gazet
Testing times for Israel’s man of the moment
very
właśnie ten, dokładnie ten
Activities that provide enjoyment are often those that have been designed for this very purpose. Games, sports, and artistic and literary forms were developed over the centuries for the express purpose of enriching life with enjoyable experiences.
koneserzy
cognoscenti
The more the non-cognoscenti took over the club scene, the more the comedians tailored their acts along crowd pleasing lines to survive.
to be overlaid with something
być pokrytym czymś, być powleczonym czymś
Many economists believe the current boom in commodity prices is cyclical rather than structural and can be explained by strong Chinese demand, a post-pandemic economic recovery in Europe and the US overlaid with supply chain disruptions. They expect the rally to peter out as China — still the world’s biggest buyer of commodities — tightens credit.
to backslide
wrócić na złą drogę, wrócić do dawnego nałogu
Activists have also clamored for sanctions on China for its persecution o the Uyghurs, on Hungary for its democratic backsliding, and on Israel for its treatment o the Palestinians.
dobrze zrobiony ale bez głębi, powierzchowny, płytki, trywialny (np. film, reklama, prezentacja)
slick
We imagine the satisfaction of traveling to exotic places or being surrounded by interesting company and expensive gadgets. If we cannot afford those goals that slick commercials and colorful ads keep reminding us to pursue, then we are happy to settle for a quiet evening in front of the television set with a glass of liquor close by.
pasjonujący
enthralling
It is enough to know that he can do it, because when he is working at top performance the experience is so enthralling that it is almost painful for him to slow down.
cachet
prestiż; renoma; wysoki status
In theory, superpowers should possess a range o foreign policy tools: military might, cultural cachet, diplomatic persuasion, technological prowess, economic aid, and so on. But to anyone paying attention to U.S. foreign policy for the past decade, it has become obvious that the United States relies on one tool above all: economic sanctions.
wyczerpywać się
to wear out
Unfortunately, this natural connection between growth and enjoyment tends to disappear with time. Perhaps because “learning” becomes an external imposition when schooling starts, the excitement of mastering new skills gradually wears out.
platforma testowa
testbed
Another potentially lucrative niche is the hypercar. Wealthy petrolheads seem willing to fork out $2m or so to add to their stables. Rimac and Pininfarina of Italy also see these cars as testbeds for EV technology to sell to other car firms.
minimum; minimalny warunek wejścia (minimum entry requirement for a market or business arrangement)
table stakes
But it is not enough to stick big touchscreens onto a standard electric power train, as many of the Chinese Tesla copycats are doing. The over-the-air software updates, proprietary charging networks and online direct sales pioneered by the American firm are now seen as table stakes.
to wear out
wyczerpywać się
Unfortunately, this natural connection between growth and enjoyment tends to disappear with time. Perhaps because “learning” becomes an external imposition when schooling starts, the excitement of mastering new skills gradually wears out.
descendant
potomek
Heinz Maier-Leibnitz, the famous German experimental physicist and a descendant of the eighteenth-century philosopher and mathematician, provides an intriguing example of how one can take control of a boring ituation and turn it into a mildly enjoyable one.
case in point
dobry przykład, trafny przykład
Sceptics are also quick to point out that not all commodities are in short supply. A case in point is oil, where Opec and its allies have yet to fully unwind the huge production cuts from April 2020.
przez co; z powodu którego
whereby
The Trump administration ratcheted up U.S. economic pressure against Iran, North Korea, and Venezuela as part of its “maximum pressure” campaigns to block even minor evasions of economic restrictions. The efforts also relied on what are known as “secondary sanctions,” whereby third-party countries and companies are threatened with economic coercion if they do not agree to participate in sanctioning the initial target.
to dull
uśmierzyć (np. ból); tłumić
The taste of food when we are hungry is pleasant because it reduces a physiological imbalance. Resting in the evening while passively absorbing information from the media, with alcohol or drugs to dull the mind overexcited by the demands of work, is pleasantly relaxing.
uparty; optymistyczny
bullish
The same day as the ExxonMobil vote, shareholders of Chevron, its American rival similarly bullish on oil, voted for a proposal to reduce emissions from the end use of its products.
the lot
zestaw, partia, seria
Consumers hungry for new tech and a government keen to support electrification have given China’s insurgents a headstart. Nio , the largest of the lot, made 44,000 cars in 2020.
to make whole
czuć się spełnionym;
to restore to a perfect state; renew; reestablish
“The part of you that maybe you were suppressing — the Korean part of you — all of a sudden that part of you is shining, and it just makes you whole,” says Hong, who grew up in New York.
shylock
lichwiarz; chciwa osoba, która wyłudza od innych pieniądze (od postaci ze sztuki Williama Szekspira pt. Kupiec wenecki)
Robert De Niro got the idea for The King of Comedy by hanging out at open mike night at Catch a Falling Star, the comedy venue opened by Budd Friedman, the man David Brenner referred to as “Shylock” because “He never stopped being a bastard.”
stodgy
sztywny (np. o osobie)
Identifying the right segment may not be enough, however. Brian Gu, president of Xpeng, admits that the new firms must offer something truly different. For years the industry’s technologically stodgier incumbents “didn’t realise it was a tech race”, says Peter Rawlinson, who runs Lucid.
przytulić się (do kogoś), wtulić się (w coś)
to snuggle
Passing his hand over the warm fabric, Jim remembered the cozy feeling of being snuggled up to his dad in the smoky tent, while the loons were laughing across the lake.
nagonka
bashing
Now carbon-bashing is spreading beyond tree-hugging Europe. Earlier this year activist badgering had already prompted ExxonMobil to unveil plans for a new “low carbon solutions” division, which will develop technologies to capture carbon and store it underground.
aplauz, uznanie
plaudit
That investment may have brought Korean content to the world’s attention. But it also highlights the scale of the challenge facing Korean entertainment companies seeking to increase their market share. South Korea may have gained the plaudits for the success of Squid Game, say observers, but Netflix made the money.
ulterior motives
ukryte pobudki
The self becomes complex as a result of experiencing flow. Paradoxically, it is when we act freely, for the sake of the action itself rather than for ulterior motives, that we learn to become more than what we were. When we choose a goal and invest ourselves in it to the limits of our concentration, whatever we do will be enjoyable.
in the way of something
w formie czegoś
Yet for every success, there were more failures. The United States has imposed decades-long sanctions on Belarus, Cuba, Russia, Syria, and Zimbabwe with little to show in the way of tangible results.
to smother
dusić; dławić
The government grew more aggressive after a now-infamous speech by tech billionaire Jack Ma last October, in which he angered regulators by criticizing them for smothering innovation. Mr. Xi halted the IPO of Ant Group, in which Mr. Ma is the controlling shareholder, soon after.
zmniejszyć się, osłabić się (to fall off from a standard)
to slip
The big reason such arguments no longer fall on deaf ears is ExxonMobil’s once mighty reputation for being tightly run has slipped.
unwieldy
nieporęczny (np. pakunek); niewydolny (np. organizacja, system)
All these varieties of disorder force attention to be diverted to undesirable objects, leaving us no longer free to use it according to our preferences. Psychic energy becomes unwieldy and ineffective.
wit
zdrowy rozum, zdolności
I enjoy the clash of wits involved in bargaining, when two persons try to outdo each other with ruses and with eloquence. She didn’t even flinch. She didn’t know any better.
back in the day
kiedyś, dawniej
Back in the day, the United States needed European markets far more than the United Kingdom and France needed a fledgling country in the New World; the Embargo Act cost the United States far more than it did the European great powers.
