Deck no. 21 Flashcards
1
Q
uroczystości ślubne, zaślubiny
A
nuptials
But none of these assets alone would help a company to leap to global scale. Those that have not already arranged their nuptials may face the corporate equivalent of unceremonious deportation.
2
Q
to flog
A
opylić (sprzedać)
Facebook, the world’ s largest social network, has built a $92bn per year advertising business by selling space alongside posts by its 2.8bn happily unpaid user suppliers. Twitter makes $3.4bn a year flogging ads among the free editorial typed by its 350m contributors . Being on the platform can feel like “the greatest unpaid internship of all” , Samhita Mukhopadhyay, an American journalist, recently tweeted.
3
Q
zyskać sobie przychylność
A
to win favor
The firm won favour with tiny businesses by making it easier to embed payments in their websites. It has expanded into payroll and cash management services.
4
Q
that of
A
z czego
The prices of some technologies have fallen dramatically, making them competitive with fossil fuel firms. The cost of solar power has shrunk by around 80% in the past decade. That of lithiumion batteries, which power EVS, is falling by about 20% a year.
5
Q
w ścisłej współpracy, nierozłączni
A
hand in glove
In reality the government and the bishops had been hand in glove with each other since January.
6
Q
captive audience
A
publiczność mimo woli
The shotgun wedding may be awkward, but it is necessary. Competition in streaming, already brutal, is about to become more so. The lockdowns of 2020 provided a captive audience.
7
Q
an options contract that gives the owner the right, but not the obligation, to sell a certain amount of the underlying asset, at a set price within a specific time. The buyer of a put option believes that the underlying stock will drop below the exercise price before the expiration date.
A
put
The Tinder equity options came with four “scheduled puts” starting in 2017 when Rad and his colleagues would have windows to cash in their shares.
8
Q
to snoop
A
węszyć
The digital in volvement of the central bank in everyday transactions would not only increase the risk of such interference but also be a gift to those wishing to snoop on citizens.
9
Q
to permeate
A
przenikać, wypełniać, przesiąkać
However, in November 1961, other extracts of this “Memorandum reserved to the bishops” began doing the rounds in the press. They referred to far more serious faults: in the Cité Catholique “the systemization of certain ways of thinking leads to the death of true thought,” and, “the thinking expressed in Verbe permeates everything, and prevents Catholic Action from being fruitful.”
10
Q
meme stocks
A
stock that has seen an increase in volume not because of the company’s performance, but rather because of hype on social media and online forums like Reddit. For this reason, these stocks often become overvalued, seeing drastic price increases in just a short amount of time
The meme stocks are back. Shares of companies that set the stock market and social media abuzz earlier this year are rallying again this week, rewarding individual investors who have held on for months. GameStop Corp., AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc. and Express Inc. are all up 37% or more in the week to date, pushing each stock to levels not seen in months.
11
Q
karuzela
A
merry-go-round
Cranking Up the Merry-Go-Round. The man behind every morning’s must-read for Washington’s movers and shakers: He was hated, admired and feared.
12
Q
przewrócić coś
A
to knock over
At one point, Amazonians were instructed to knock over the coffee, stand up, and loudly object if they heard colleagues hint at price-setting or collusion in internal meetings.
13
Q
goździk
A
carnation
Later in the presence of Jean Montalat, deputy mayor of Tulle, he placed a wreath of carnations on the war memorial and another at the memorial for the Martyrs of the Resistance (he was, of course, the son of a Resistance Vghter who had died after being deported).
14
Q
nieuchronny; bliski
A
imminent
The court said Shell wasn’t in breach of its obligation to reduce carbon emissions but that there was an “imminent breach,” and it therefore set the reduction requirement.
15
Q
highbrow
A
intelektualista
Aside from renown in the rarefied realm of highbrow cinema, until the 1990s South Korean popular culture went largely unnoticed beyond the country’s borders.
16
Q
supernatural
A
nadprzyrodzony
As a parting shot the Archbishop added that the Cité Catholique was criticized for not wanting to put up with “the sight of your children growing up in a climate of materialism, secularism, and atheism.… While this atmosphere is ruining the supernatural spirit, i.e., the spirit of prayer and self-denial, and consequently the birth of priestly vocations, they want to stop you rechristianizing society. Your initiatives are crucial and only strengthen Catholic Action.”
17
Q
cry
A
tu: slogan, hasło
“The stone age did not end for lack of stone, and the oil age will end long before the world runs out of petroleum.” That battle cry animates critics of Big Oil, who dream of phasing out hydrocarbons in favour of cleaner fuels and technologies.
18
Q
crossover
A
decydujący, krytyczny (np. punkt)
While attracting large numbers of Asian-American fans to his shows, the crossover success that would later be achieved by acts such as Psy, BTS, and Blackpink eluded him.
19
Q
zorganizować publiczne wydarzenie, urządzić, organizować (jakieś wydarzenie)
A
to stage
Snap has since staged one of the greatest turnarounds in tech history.Whenit reported its latest quarterly results in April, it pleasantly surprised analysts again, just as it has for the past few quarters.
20
Q
to adorn
A
dekorować; przyozdabiać
Even in places like Auckland, Mexico City or Jakarta, the logos adorning the tallest buildings are those of ANZ, BBVA or HSBC.
21
Q
plakat; transparent; tabliczka (np. na drzwiach)
A
placard
“These were fans I didn’t even know existed, French teenage girls excitedly waving placards,” says Cho. “Then in Cannes, hundreds more turned up — some even explained their love for K-pop in fluent Korean.
22
Q
tworzyć, stwarzać (np. pomysł)
A
to conceive
So the firm has instead recast “Stories” as a platform on which curated partners, such as big media companies, can offer original content. Snapchat’s four other main offerings are conceived as platforms, too.
23
Q
to compensate
A
wynagradzać
The upstarts are forcing incumbents such as Facebook to compensate users for the unpaid work they may not have realised they were doing.
24
Q
to stand to
A
być w gotowości do ataku
To analyse the boom The Economist has constructed a portfolio of companies that stand to benefit from the energy transition, with a total market capitalisation of $3.7trn.
25
deska rozdzielcza (np. w samochodzie)
in-dash
Want better acceleration, longer range, an enhanced self-driving system, or your **in-dash** entertainment system to play fart noises every time you flip your turn signal? Tesla has shown they’re just a software upgrade away.
26
distressing
alarmujący; bolesny
A cyberattack on the American financial system that closed JP Morgan Chase for a time would be **distressing**. A similar attack that shut down a Federal Reserve digital currency could be devastating.
27
to beat somebody at their own game
pokonać kogoś jego własną bronią
Twitter was in danger of becoming a promotional tool for Substack writers and Clubhouse broadcasters. It is now trying to **beat both at their own game**.
28
corps [ko:r]
korpus (np. wojskowy, dyplomatyczny)
In the universal Church, jurisdiction belongs not only to the Pope, but “collegially to the episcopal **corps** participating in the supreme jurisdiction of the Pope as head of the Church.”
29
męczyć, dręczyć, torturować
to torment
It was the deepest the **tormented** franchise has ever gotten, but without Leonard, Los Angeles ended up falling in the conference final to Phoenix and former Clipper Chris Paul.
30
repentant
skruszony, pełen żalu (o człowieku)
Their bête noire is ExxonMobil, long the richest and mightiest of Western oil supermajors—and the most **unrepentant** in its defence of crude.
31
alarmujący; bolesny
distressing
A cyberattack on the American financial system that closed JP Morgan Chase for a time would be **distressing**. A similar attack that shut down a Federal Reserve digital currency could be devastating.
32
szybko się z czymś uporać
to make short work of something
While analysts for years predicted that big auto makers would **make short work of** Tesla, it turns out electric vehicles are more about software than hardware.
33
to veer
skręcać, zmieniać kierunek (o drodze, o pojeździe)
Critics of the world’s largest asset manager have said that BlackRock shouldn’t **veer** into areas that should be tackled by policy makers, but the firm’s chief executive, Larry Fink, has said “climate risk is investment risk.”
34
wynagradzać
to compensate
The upstarts are forcing incumbents such as Facebook to **compensate** users for the unpaid work they may not have realised they were doing.
35
łapówka (slang)
sweetener
Tech firms are using their platforms to reverse-engineer banking. This has even caught on in America, where creditcard **sweeteners** keep users hooked and payments tech has lagged.
36
to recast
przekształcać (np. dokument), przerabiać (utwór literacki)
So the firm has instead **recast** “Stories” as a platform on which curated partners, such as big media companies, can offer original content. Snapchat’s four other main offerings are conceived as platforms , too.
37
damages
odszkodowanie
Tinder founders, including Sean Rad, three years ago sued IAC Corp and its online dating unit Match Group, alleging that the two companies controlled by the media mogul had cheated the entrepreneurs out of billions of dollars in a 2017 share acquisition that valued the Tinder business at $3bn. They are seeking more than $2bn in **damages**.
38
actor
uczestnik
And the concentration of the economy in digital money, whether it is run by private firms or by a central bank, could provide a new route for malicious **actor**s to destabilise systems through cyberwarfare.
39
deptać po piętach
to snap at the heels of
Smaller companies are **snapping at the heels of** the tech titans.
40
proceeding
postępowanie (sądowe), proces (sądowy)
Longtime court observers caution against reading too much into any judge’s statements during a **proceeding**. Judge Gonzalez Rogers’s questions came after Mr. Cook had tried to spend much of his time emphasizing that user security motivates Apple.
41
frills
bajery, dodatki
Ballmer’s ambition is a state-of-the-art barn where fans can lock in like he does. An unintended consequence of recent sports arena overhauls (improved food options, lounges and other **frills**) is an audience too distracted to return to its seats.
42
skręcać, zmieniać kierunek (o drodze, o pojeździe)
to veer
Critics of the world’s largest asset manager have said that BlackRock shouldn’t **veer** into areas that should be tackled by policy makers, but the firm’s chief executive, Larry Fink, has said “climate risk is investment risk.”
43
imminent
nieuchronny; bliski
The court said Shell wasn’t in breach of its obligation to reduce carbon emissions but that there was an “**imminent** breach,” and it therefore set the reduction requirement.
44
to erect
budować, ustanawiać, powoływać
Several more tier two firms have also **erected** robust platforms . “Shopify does not compete with Amazon. We are not a retailer. We are a piece of software that powers other brands,” explains Harley Finkelstein, the company’s president.
45
odious
ohydny
One or two well-aimed arrows were meant for La Croix, the “newspaper rightly or wrongly considered as the voice of the Church in France” that used its columns “in this **odious** campaign.”
46
facet od brudnej roboty
hatchet man
Hollywood traditionalists were scandalised; many now feel some satisfaction. “AT&T backstabs its own **hatchet man**” ran a headline in Variety, an industry magazine.
47
kierunkowskaz
turn signal
Want better acceleration, longer range, an enhanced self-driving system, or your in-dash entertainment system to play fart noises every time you flip your **turn signal**? Tesla has shown they’re just a software upgrade away.
48
ostry, bezkompromisowy
hard-hitting
Nothing is missing from this lucid and **hard-hitting** defense. One or two well-aimed arrows were meant for La Croix, the “newspaper rightly or wrongly considered as the voice of the Church in France” that used its columns “in this odious campaign.”
49
sąd; osąd
reckoning
Now a new architecture is emerging that promises a **reckoning**.
50
opylić (sprzedać)
to flog
Facebook, the world’ s largest social network, has built a $92bn per year advertising business by selling space alongside posts by its 2.8bn happily unpaid user suppliers. Twitter makes $3.4bn a year **flogging** ads among the free editorial typed by its 350m contributors . Being on the platform can feel like “the greatest unpaid internship of all” , Samhita Mukhopadhyay, an American journalist, recently tweeted.
51
blowout
niespodziewanie duży (np. wyniki, sprzedaż)
The comeback reveals a broader trend. While the largest Western tech companies have had a **blowout** first quarter, firms that fall in the category below—call them “tier two tech”—are growing briskly, too.
52
crucible
tygiel; ciężka próba
The relentless founder’s intensity, however, is likely to be harder to replicate. As Stone points out, executives assigned to a “Jeff project”, where Bezos insisted on regular updates, were in “the hottest **crucible** at Amazon”.
53
wariant, odmiana
variant
Soriot told the Financial Times that the jab was only slightly less effective against the **variant** first found in India than against the strain identified in Kent. He added that a new booster had performed well against other variants in animal studies.
54
to lowball
celowo zaniżać (np. koszty lub ofertę), oferować coś po niższej cenie lub stawce
Dating app developers face IAC and Match bosses in court over alleged **lowball** valuation.
55
to notch up
zdobywać
Yet apart from a few megastar “influencers”, most creators receive no reward beyond the thrill of **notching up** “likes”.
56
bajery, dodatki
frills
Ballmer’s ambition is a state-of-the-art barn where fans can lock in like he does. An unintended consequence of recent sports arena overhauls (improved food options, lounges and other **frills**) is an audience too distracted to return to its seats.
57
to reverse-engineer
rozkładać w celu poznania konstrukcji czegoś
Tech firms are using their platforms to **reverse-engineer** banking. This has even caught on in America, where creditcard sweeteners keep users hooked and payments tech has lagged.
58
staid
poważny, stateczny (o osobie)
The risk of losing control over the monetary system has lit a fire underneath usually **staid** central bankers.
59
tuszować (np. faktów); wybielać; rozgromić
to whitewash
Rad, however, would accuse IAC of **whitewashing** the incident in order to keep Blatt in his position as chief executive in 2017 so he could manipulate the Tinder valuation exercise.
60
selekcjonować
to curate
So the firm has instead recast “Stories” as a platform on which **curated** partners, such as big media companies, can offer original content. Snapchat’s four other main offerings are conceived as platforms , too.
61
kajdany
shackles
Negligent banks can create boom and bust cycles that inflict economic hardship. So it is easy to assume that the sidelining of banks might be just another **shackle** broken by technological advance.
62
z czego
that of
The prices of some technologies have fallen dramatically, making them competitive with fossil fuel firms. The cost of solar power has shrunk by around 80% in the past decade. **That of** lithiumion batteries, which power EVS, is falling by about 20% a year.
63
przyglądać się (badawczo czemuś)
to peer
Look at you down there, trying to run for your life, jeers Summer Solesis, **peering** down at the camera. You don’t stand a chance against my giant, size 11 feet!” Standing over her phone, she pretends to stamp on the viewer, who gets the effect—sort of—that Ms Solesis is a “giantess with dirty feet getting rid of the tiny men infesting my house”, as one video is captioned.
64
friction
tarcie
The ability to sign up for a newsletter or join an audio room directly from Twitter, without the **friction** of moving apps, gives the company an edge over its startup rivals, says Mark Shmulik of Bernstein, a research firm.
65
nieprzyjemny; podejrzany (np. interes)
unsavory
If providing the brains for other auto makers’ vehicles is unlikely, and competing directly with Tesla and every other electric vehicle startup **unsavory**, that still leaves another option for Apple.
66
day trader
spekulant
Green stocks are no longer the preserve of niche sustainable funds. Conventional funds have piled in; stocks are also touted on online forums for **day traders**, such as WallStreetBets. Many investors draw comparisons between clean energy today and tech at the turn of the millennium—both in terms of the signs of froth, and the emergence of an industry with big structural effects on the economy.
67
to animate
ożywić; pobudzać
“The stone age did not end for lack of stone, and the oil age will end long before the world runs out of petroleum.” That battle cry **animates** critics of Big Oil, who dream of phasing out hydrocarbons in favour of cleaner fuels and technologies.
68
węszyć
to snoop
The digital in volvement of the c entral bank in everyday transactions would not only increase the risk of such interference but also be a gift to those wishing to **snoop** on citizens.
69
self-denial
wyrzeczenie
As a parting shot the Archbishop added that the Cité Catholique was criticized for not wanting to put up with “the sight of your children growing up in a climate of materialism, secularism, and atheism.… While this atmosphere is ruining the supernatural spirit, i.e., the spirit of prayer and **self-denial**, and consequently the birth of priestly vocations, they want to stop you rechristianizing society. Your initiatives are crucial and only strengthen Catholic Action.”
70
unikalny, własny
of its own
On May 17th Discovery announced that it was to form a marriage of necessity **of its own**, joining forces with WarnerMedia, which is to be spun off from its owner, AT&T, a telecoms giant.
71
along the way
w międzyczasie
The Clippers assembled a history-making season in 2020-21, reaching the Western Conference Finals for the first time, despite losing star Kawhi Leonard to a knee injury **along the way**.
72
placard
plakat; transparent; tabliczka (np. na drzwiach)
“These were fans I didn’t even know existed, French teenage girls excitedly waving **placards**,” says Cho. “Then in Cannes, hundreds more turned up — some even explained their love for K-pop in fluent Korean.
73
należycie
duly
Therefore, the ACA was required to issue its own interpretation; a **duly** solemn warning was inevitable. To prevent this, Archbishop Lefebvre intervened straightaway. “I would be failing in my duty to the truth,” he wrote to Jean Ousset and his collaborators on March 4, “if I kept silent.”
74
sprawiać, że coś powoduje gniew
*causes anger without making something (such as an issue under discussion) better understood*
more heat than light
The issue of diversity on boards is also emotional, and it often creates **more heat than light**. Both sides have plenty of anecdotes to draw from.
75
to do the rounds
krążyć, nieść się (np. opowieść)
However, in November 1961, other extracts of this “Memorandum reserved to the bishops” began **doing the rounds** in the press. They referred to far more serious faults: in the Cité Catholique “the systemization of certain ways of thinking leads to the death of true thought,” and, “the thinking expressed in Verbe permeates everything, and prevents Catholic Action from being fruitful.”
76
zabezpieczyć
to fail-safe
Pivoting through disruption has everything to do with being able to see the revolutionary changes around the corner, recognizing your strengths, and having the confidence to let go of the old vine of doing business and grab onto the new.are book of economics offering actionable takeaways in easy-to-understand language, Tarzan Economics is the must-read book for anyone staring at their own Napster moment and wishing they knew how to **fail-safe** their business.
77
być w gotowości do ataku
to stand to
To analyse the boom The Economist has constructed a portfolio of companies that **stand to** benefit from the energy transition, with a total market capitalisation of $3.7trn.
78
unsavory
nieprzyjemny; podejrzany (np. interes)
If providing the brains for other auto makers’ vehicles is unlikely, and competing directly with Tesla and every other electric vehicle startup **unsavory**, that still leaves another option for Apple.
79
shackles
kajdany
Negligent banks can create boom and bust cycles that inflict economic hardship. So it is easy to assume that the sidelining of banks might be just another **shackle** broken by technological advance.
80
pokonać kogoś jego własną bronią
to beat somebody at their own game
Twitter was in danger of becoming a promotional tool for Substack writers and Clubhouse broadcasters. It is now trying to **beat both at their own game**.
81
to snap at the heels of
deptać po piętach
Smaller companies are **snapping at the heels of** the tech titans.
82
odszkodowanie
damages
Tinder founders, including Sean Rad, three years ago sued IAC Corp and its online dating unit Match Group, alleging that the two companies controlled by the media mogul had cheated the entrepreneurs out of billions of dollars in a 2017 share acquisition that valued the Tinder business at $3bn. They are seeking more than $2bn in **damages**.
83
to sneak
przemycić
Epic filed its lawsuit against Apple in August after the iPhone maker kicked “Fortnite” out of the App Store for violating its rules. Epic’s team had created an in-app payment system aimed at circumventing Apple’s and **sneaked** it into “Fortnite” that month.
84
turn signal
kierunkowskaz
Want better acceleration, longer range, an enhanced self-driving system, or your in-dash entertainment system to play fart noises every time you flip your **turn signal**? Tesla has shown they’re just a software upgrade away.
85
to win favor
zyskać sobie przychylność
The firm **won favour** with tiny businesses by making it easier to embed payments in their websites. It has expanded into payroll and cash management services.
86
reckoning
sąd; osąd
Now a new architecture is emerging that promises a **reckoning**.
87
kluczowy fakt, kwestia, wniosek
takeaway
Pivoting through disruption has everything to do with being able to see the revolutionary changes around the corner, recognizing your strengths, and having the confidence to let go of the old vine of doing business and grab onto the new. Book of economics offering actionable **takeaways** in easy-to-understand language, Tarzan Economics is the must-read book for anyone staring at their own Napster moment and wishing they knew how to fail-safe their business.
88
ohydny
odious
One or two well-aimed arrows were meant for La Croix, the “newspaper rightly or wrongly considered as the voice of the Church in France” that used its columns “in this **odious** campaign.”
89
tarcie
friction
The ability to sign up for a newsletter or join an audio room directly from Twitter, without the **friction** of moving apps, gives the company an edge over its startup rivals, says Mark Shmulik of Bernstein, a research firm.
90
inner workings
tajniki działania
A legal fight in a New York state court this week over the multibillion-dollar fortune created by the hit dating app, Tinder, threatens to expose the **inner-workings** of Barry Diller’s sprawling media empire.
91
to head something off
zapobiegać czemuś; zatrzymać coś
Central bankers that run reserve currencies can **head off** the potential nightmare of leaving Facebook or China’s government in charge of global payment systems by issuing digital currencies of their own.
92
spekulant
day trader
Green stocks are no longer the preserve of niche sustainable funds . Conventional funds have piled in; stocks are also touted on online forums for **day traders**, such as WallStreetBets. Many investors draw comparisons between clean energy today and tech at the turn of the millennium—both in terms of the signs of froth, and the emergence of an industry with big structural effects on the economy.
93
to stage
zorganizować publiczne wydarzenie, urządzić, organizować (jakieś wydarzenie)
Snap has since **staged** one of the greatest turnarounds in tech history.When it reported its latest quarterly results in April, it pleasantly surprised analysts again, just as it has for the past few quarters.
94
uczestnik
actor
And the concentration of the economy in digital money, whether it is run by private firms or by a central bank, could provide a new route for malicious **actors** to destabilise systems through cyberwarfare.
95
to dwarf
przyćmić
The total assets of the world’ s biggest 1,000 banks were worth some $ 128trn in 2020, **dwarfing** annual global gross product of $84.5trn.
96
krążyć, nieść się (np. opowieść)
to do the rounds
However, in November 1961, other extracts of this “Memorandum reserved to the bishops” began **doing the rounds** in the press. They referred to far more serious faults: in the Cité Catholique “the systemization of certain ways of thinking leads to the death of true thought,” and, “the thinking expressed in Verbe permeates everything, and prevents Catholic Action from being fruitful.”
97
przenikać, wypełniać, przesiąkać
to permeate
However, in November 1961, other extracts of this “Memorandum reserved to the bishops” began doing the rounds in the press. They referred to far more serious faults: in the Cité Catholique “the systemization of certain ways of thinking leads to the death of true thought,” and, “the thinking expressed in Verbe **permeates** everything, and prevents Catholic Action from being fruitful.”
98
to stick around
pozostać w pobliżu, zostać na miejscu, poczekać
Facebook is also trying to make creators **stick around**. Last year it made paid subscriptions widely available and enabled tips.
99
## Footnote
*stock that has seen an increase in volume not because of the company's performance, but rather because of hype on social media and online forums like Reddit. For this reason, these stocks often become overvalued, seeing drastic price increases in just a short amount of time*
meme stocks
The **meme stocks** are back. Shares of companies that set the stock market and social media abuzz earlier this year are rallying again this week, rewarding individual investors who have held on for months. GameStop Corp., AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc. and Express Inc. are all up 37% or more in the week to date, pushing each stock to levels not seen in months.
100
uciekać w celu ocalenia życia, ratować się
to run for one's life
Look at you down there, trying to **run for your life**, jeers Summer Solesis, peering down at the camera. You don’t stand a chance against my giant, size 11 feet!” Standing over her phone, she pretends to stamp on the viewer, who gets the effect—sort of—that Ms Solesis is a “giantess with dirty feet getting rid of the tiny men infesting my house”, as one video is captioned.
101
gąszcz
thicket
To some observers , it might seem better if central bankers in democratic, capitalist countries eschew this **thicket** of problems altogether.
102
nagły, niespodziewany
precipitous
Its shares dropped **precipitously** in value, at one point in late 2018 sinking below $5, less than a fifth of the price they fetched when the firm started trading.
103
decydujący, krytyczny (np. punkt)
crossover
While attracting large numbers of Asian-American fans to his shows, the **crossover** success that would later be achieved by acts such as Psy, BTS, and Blackpink eluded him.
104
to go into reverse
odwrócić się; wrzucić na wsteczny
Still, many investors are optimistic. Few think that the energy transition will **go into reverse**. They argue that the prospects for the sector as a whole are promising, even if some firms end up being duds.
105
szczypce, kleszcze (u zwierząt); obcęgi
pincer
It is as if the entire industry were in a **pincer** grip that might one day kill it.
106
merry-go-round
karuzela
Cranking Up the **Merry-Go-Round**. The man behind every morning’s must-read for Washington’s movers and shakers: He was hated, admired and feared.
107
publiczność mimo woli
captive audience
The shotgun wedding may be awkward, but it is necessary. Competition in streaming, already brutal, is about to become more so. The lockdowns of 2020 provided a **captive audience**.
108
podkręcić (np. głośność); przyspieszyć
to crank up
**Cranking Up** the Merry-Go-Round. The man behind every morning’s must-read for Washington’s movers and shakers: He was hated, admired and feared.
109
takeaway
kluczowy fakt, kwestia, wniosek
Pivoting through disruption has everything to do with being able to see the revolutionary changes around the corner, recognizing your strengths, and having the confidence to let go of the old vine of doing business and grab onto the new. Book of economics offering actionable **takeaways** in easy-to-understand language, Tarzan Economics is the must-read book for anyone staring at their own Napster moment and wishing they knew how to fail-safe their business.
110
wieniec
wreath
Later in the presence of Jean Montalat, deputy mayor of Tulle, he placed a **wreath** of carnations on the war memorial and another at the memorial for the Martyrs of the Resistance (he was, of course, the son of a Resistance Vghter who had died after being deported).
111
chłop pańszczyźniany, niewolnik
serf
But the **serfs** tilling the internet are increasingly finding that their output can command a price, with the effect that some of the internet’ s most successful companies are being forced to adapt their business model.
112
wymykać się, omijać (uciekać od kogoś, od czegoś)
to elude
While attracting large numbers of Asian-American fans to his shows, the crossover success that would later be achieved by acts such as Psy, BTS, and Blackpink **eluded** him.
113
rozmyślanie
musing
Bloggers and tweeters are moving their **musings** to paid newsletter services like Substack; amateur videogame makers are selling their pixelated creations on platforms like Roblox; viewers are paying to watch experts play them on streaming services like Twitch, owned by Amazon.
114
zarzucać (coś komuś)
to allege
The civil suit against Shell was led by the Dutch arm of Friends of the Earth, an environmental group. It **alleged** Shell’s production of oil and natural gas contributed to climate change, violating a so called duty of care to those affected by it and failing to meet the company’s human-rights obligations. Rather than seek damages, activists asked the court to force Shell to reduce its carbon emissions.
115
uczciwy; prawy
upstanding
This is partly because fund managers often use ESG ratings to gauge if a firm is climate friendly or socially **upstanding**, and big companies, with the resources to devote to disclosure, tend to rank more highly.
116
serf
chłop pańszczyźniany, niewolnik
But the **serfs** tilling the internet are increasingly finding that their output can command a price, with the effect that some of the internet’ s most successful companies are being forced to adapt their business model.
117
dawka przypominająca (np. lekarstw, dla wzmocnienia działania poprzedniej dawki)
booster
Soriot told the Financial Times that the jab was only slightly less effective against the variant first found in India than against the strain identified in Kent. He added that a new **booster** had performed well against other variants in animal studies.
118
intelektualista
highbrow
Aside from renown in the rarefied realm of **highbrow** cinema, until the 1990s South Korean popular culture went largely unnoticed beyond the country’s borders.
119
na pożeganienie (niemiła uwaga przed odejściem)
parting shot
As a **parting shot** the Archbishop added that the Cité Catholique was criticized for not wanting to put up with “the sight of your children growing up in a climate of materialism, secularism, and atheism.… While this atmosphere is ruining the supernatural spirit, i.e., the spirit of prayer and self-denial, and consequently the birth of priestly vocations, they want to stop you rechristianizing society. Your initiatives are crucial and only strengthen Catholic Action.”
120
to catch on
przyjąć się, zyskać na popularności (np. nowa moda)
Tech firms are using their platforms to reverse-engineer banking. This has even **caught on** in America, where creditcard sweeteners keep users hooked and payments tech has lagged.
121
pokazać się, zabłysnąć, zaszpanować
to strut one's stuff
**Strutting their stuff**. NBC Universal, which is owned by Comcast, a cable giant, and last year launched its Peacock streaming service, and Viacom CBS, which recently unveiled its own equivalent, Paramount+, are in a sticky position.
122
fodder
pożywka
“I did not start my business and go sell on Amazon so that I could eventually become fertiliser for Amazon’s growth as I am buried and destroyed,” says one. Such tales are also **fodder** for the “techlash” that has gathered strength in recent years.
123
to jeer
szydzić
Look at you down there, trying to run for your life, **jeers** Summer Solesis, peering down at the camera. You don’t stand a chance against my giant, size 11 feet!” Standing over her phone, she pretends to stamp on the viewer, who gets the effect—sort of—that Ms Solesis is a “giantess with dirty feet getting rid of the tiny men infesting my house”, as one video is captioned.
124
celowo zaniżać (np. koszty lub ofertę), oferować coś po niższej cenie lub stawce
to lowball
Dating app developers face IAC and Match bosses in court over alleged **lowball** valuation.
125
to temper
łagodzić (coś)
Better informed firms should also **temper** the instability inherent in today ’s form of credit provision.
126
rozkładać w celu poznania konstrukcji czegoś
to reverse-engineer
Tech firms are using their platforms to **reverse-engineer** banking. This has even caught on in America, where creditcard sweeteners keep users hooked and payments tech has lagged.
127
zapobiegać czemuś; zatrzymać coś
to head something off
Central bankers that run reserve currencies can **head off** the potential nightmare of leaving Facebook or China’s government in charge of global payment systems by issuing digital currencies of their own.
128
upstanding
uczciwy; prawy
This is partly because fund managers often use ESG ratings to gauge if a firm is climate friendly or socially **upstanding**, and big companies, with the resources to devote to disclosure, tend to rank more highly.
129
to tie the knot
pobrać się, związać się węzłem małżeńskim
Many of the show’s romances are rocky. But the couples—and riveted viewers—realise that, unless they **tie the knot** in time , deportation awaits.
130
to till
uprawiać ziemię, obrabiać ziemię
But the serfs **tilling** the internet are increasingly finding that their output can command a price, with the effect that some of the internet’ s most successful companies are being forced to adapt their business model.
131
musing
rozmyślanie
Bloggers and tweeters are moving their **musings** to paid newsletter services like Substack; amateur videogame makers are selling their pixelated creations on platforms like Roblox; viewers are paying to watch experts play them on streaming services like Twitch, owned by Amazon.
132
duly
należycie
Therefore, the ACA was required to issue its own interpretation; a **duly** solemn warning was inevitable. To prevent this, Archbishop Lefebvre intervened straightaway. “I would be failing in my duty to the truth,” he wrote to Jean Ousset and his collaborators on March 4, “if I kept silent.”
133
jasny, zrozumiały
lucid
Nothing is missing from this **lucid** and hard-hitting defense. One or two well-aimed arrows were meant for La Croix, the “newspaper rightly or wrongly considered as the voice of the Church in France” that used its columns “in this odious campaign.”
134
gaj
grove
They took the road from Uzerche that winds down the valley, passing through hamlets and chestnut **groves**. During this quiet springtime visit to his diocese, he learnt and memorized many details of the history and life in Correze.
135
tiddler
mała rybka; maleństwo (coś małego lub ktoś mały)
The reason for that difference is that many green firms are small—their median market capitalisation is about $6bn—and the **tiddlers** have gone up the most.
136
skruszony, pełen żalu (o człowieku)
repentant
Their bête noire is ExxonMobil, long the richest and mightiest of Western oil supermajors—and the most **unrepentant** in its defence of crude.
137
pogląd
notion
“I understand this **notion** that somehow Apple brings the customer to the gamers, the users, but after that first time, after that first interaction... the developers are keeping their customers, Apple is just profiting off that,” she said.
138
z czyjegoś powodu; z czyichś rąk (np. zginąć)
at the hands of somebody
Exxon’s loss came **at the hands of** Engine No. 1, an upstart hedge fund owning only about 0.02% of the oil giant’s stock. It had waged an aggressive campaign challenging the company’s energy transition strategy and response to climate change, depicting it as a corporate dinosaur.
139
rarefied
elitarny
Aside from renown in the **rarefied** realm of highbrow cinema, until the 1990s South Korean popular culture went largely unnoticed beyond the country’s borders.
140
grove
gaj
They took the road from Uzerche that winds down the valley, passing through hamlets and chestnut **groves**. During this quiet springtime visit to his diocese, he learnt and memorized many details of the history and life in Correze.
141
korpus (np. wojskowy, dyplomatyczny)
corps [ko:r]
In the universal Church, jurisdiction belongs not only to the Pope, but “collegially to the episcopal **corps** participating in the supreme jurisdiction of the Pope as head of the Church.”
142
negligent
niedbały, niesumienny, niestaranny; winny zaniedbania
**Negligent** banks can create boom and bust cycles that inflict economic hardship. So it is easy to assume that the sidelining of banks might be just another shackle broken by technological advance.
143
to fail-safe
zabezpieczyć
Pivoting through disruption has everything to do with being able to see the revolutionary changes around the corner, recognizing your strengths, and having the confidence to let go of the old vine of doing business and grab onto the new.are book of economics offering actionable takeaways in easy-to-understand language, Tarzan Economics is the must-read book for anyone staring at their own Napster moment and wishing they knew how to **fail-safe** their business.
144
of its own
unikalny, własny
On May 17th Discovery announced that it was to form a marriage of necessity **of its own**, joining forces with WarnerMedia, which is to be spun off from its owner, AT&T, a telecoms giant.
145
budować, ustanawiać, powoływać
to erect
Several more tier two firms have also **erected** robust platforms . “Shopify does not compete with Amazon. We are not a retailer. We are a piece of software that powers other brands,” explains Harley Finkelstein, the company’s president.
146
uprawiać ziemię, obrabiać ziemię
to till
But the serfs **tilling** the internet are increasingly finding that their output can command a price, with the effect that some of the internet’ s most successful companies are being forced to adapt their business model.
147
rozprawienie się z czymś
crackdown
Yet as Agustín Carstens, boss of the Bank for International Settlements, a club of central bankers, said in March, “Data can substitute for collateral.” The information that payment platforms have on users is so plentiful and, until recent **crackdowns**, the restrictions so lax in China, that Markus Brunnermeier, of Princeton University, talks of “an inverse of the information asymmetry”, in which lenders know more about whether borrowers will repay than borrowers themselves.
148
niespodziewanie duży (np. wyniki, sprzedaż)
blowout
The comeback reveals a broader trend. While the largest Western tech companies have had a **blowout** first quarter, firms that fall in the category below—call them “tier-two tech”—are growing briskly, too.
149
sweetener
łapówka (slang)
Tech firms are using their platforms to reverse-engineer banking. This has even caught on in America, where creditcard **sweeteners** keep users hooked and payments tech has lagged.
150
zadawać (np. karę, ból), wyrządzać (np. krzywdę)
to inflict
Negligent banks can create boom and bust cycles that **inflict** economic hardship. So it is easy to assume that the sidelining of banks might be just another shackle broken by technological advance.
151
to peer
przyglądać się (badawczo czemuś)
Look at you down there, trying to run for your life, jeers Summer Solesis, **peering** down at the camera. You don’t stand a chance against my giant, size 11 feet!” Standing over her phone, she pretends to stamp on the viewer, who gets the effect—sort of—that Ms Solesis is a “giantess with dirty feet getting rid of the tiny men infesting my house”, as one video is captioned.
152
to run for one's life
uciekać w celu ocalenia życia, ratować się
Look at you down there, trying to **run for your life**, jeers Summer Solesis, peering down at the camera. You don’t stand a chance against my giant, size 11 feet!” Standing over her phone, she pretends to stamp on the viewer, who gets the effect—sort of—that Ms Solesis is a “giantess with dirty feet getting rid of the tiny men infesting my house”, as one video is captioned.
153
thicket
gąszcz
To some observers , it might seem better if central bankers in democratic, capitalist countries eschew this **thicket** of problems altogether.
154
w międzyczasie
along the way
The Clippers assembled a history-making season in 2020-21, reaching the Western Conference Finals for the first time, despite losing star Kawhi Leonard to a knee injury **along the way**.
155
shiver
dreszcz
“This judgment will not only send **shivers** down the collective spines of the oil industry, but of all the other industries that significantly contribute to the greenhouse gases,” said Martyn Day, a lawyer at Leigh Day, a London-based law firm that has been involved in other pollution cases against Shell.
156
lucid
jasny, zrozumiały
Nothing is missing from this **lucid** and hard-hitting defense. One or two well-aimed arrows were meant for La Croix, the “newspaper rightly or wrongly considered as the voice of the Church in France” that used its columns “in this odious campaign.”
157
zdobywać
to notch up
Yet apart from a few megastar “influencers”, most creators receive no reward beyond the thrill of **notching up** “likes”.
158
nadprzyrodzony
supernatural
As a parting shot the Archbishop added that the Cité Catholique was criticized for not wanting to put up with “the sight of your children growing up in a climate of materialism, secularism, and atheism.… While this atmosphere is ruining the **supernatural** spirit, i.e., the spirit of prayer and self-denial, and consequently the birth of priestly vocations, they want to stop you rechristianizing society. Your initiatives are crucial and only strengthen Catholic Action.”
159
to conceive
tworzyć, stwarzać (np. pomysł)
So the firm has instead recast “Stories” as a platform on which curated partners, such as big media companies, can offer original content. Snapchat’s four other main offerings are **conceived** as platforms , too.
160
pożywka
fodder
“I did not start my business and go sell on Amazon so that I could eventually become fertiliser for Amazon’s growth as I am buried and destroyed,” says one. Such tales are also **fodder** for the “techlash” that has gathered strength in recent years.
161
notion
pogląd
“I understand this **notion** that somehow Apple brings the customer to the gamers, the users, but after that first time, after that first interaction... the developers are keeping their customers, Apple is just profiting off that,” she said.
162
od podstaw, od zera
from the ground up
If there is any tech company on earth with the resources to go it alone, building a new auto maker **from the ground up**, it’s Apple. But there is no indication this is the company’s aim.
163
from the ground up
od podstaw, od zera
If there is any tech company on earth with the resources to go it alone, building a new auto maker **from the ground up**, it’s Apple. But there is no indication this is the company’s aim.
164
całkowity, absolutny
out and out
I was always kept at a distance from the Roman Curia because I was—so it was said —a modernist. So, you be careful not to declare yourself such an **out and out** conservative.”
165
niepowodzenie; problem
setback
Exxon suffers **setback** in costly proxy fight.
166
to inflict
zadawać (np. karę, ból), wyrządzać (np. krzywdę)
Negligent banks can create boom and bust cycles that **inflict** economic hardship. So it is easy to assume that the sidelining of banks might be just another shackle broken by technological advance.
167
niedbały, niesumienny, niestaranny; winny zaniedbania
negligent
**Negligent** banks can create boom and bust cycles that inflict economic hardship. So it is easy to assume that the sidelining of banks might be just another shackle broken by technological advance.
168
to buttress
wzmacniać
The programme’s first pillar seeks to **buttress** Poland’s medical system in the wake of the pandemic, which has caused over 70,000 deaths, according to official figures.
169
to skimp
żałować (komuś czegoś), skąpić (na czymś)
While Ballmer won’t be **skimping** on the fine foods and comforts—he’s assured that the seats in the upper deck are as plush as the ones on the baseline—he wants a stadium that’s “about the game.”
170
to crank up
podkręcić (np. głośność); przyspieszyć
**Cranking Up** the Merry-Go-Round. The man behind every morning’s must-read for Washington’s movers and shakers: He was hated, admired and feared.
171
poważny, stateczny (o osobie)
staid
The risk of losing control over the monetary system has lit a fire underneath usually **staid** central bankers.
172
seized with terror
ogarnięty przerażeniem
On reading these timely but uncomfortable truths, the French bishops were **seized with horror**.
173
hardship
trud, niewygoda, ciężkie doświadczenia życiowe
Negligent banks can create boom and bust cycles that inflict economic **hardship**. So it is easy to assume that the sidelining of banks might be just another shackle broken by technological advance.
174
pozostać w pobliżu, zostać na miejscu, poczekać
to stick around
Facebook is also trying to make creators **stick around**. Last year it made paid subscriptions widely available and enabled tips.
175
to join forces
połączyć siły, zjednoczyć się
On May 17th Discovery announced that it was to form a marriage of necessity of its own, **joining forces** with WarnerMedia, which is to be spun off from its owner, AT&T, a telecoms giant.
176
pincer
szczypce, kleszcze (u zwierząt); obcęgi
It is as if the entire industry were in a **pincer** grip that might one day kill it.
177
to whitewash
tuszować (np. faktów); wybielać; rozgromić
Rad, however, would accuse IAC of **whitewashing** the incident in order to keep Blatt in his position as chief executive in 2017 so he could manipulate the Tinder valuation exercise.
178
oszołomić, zadziwiać
to bewilder
Evolution is generally slow, but at times of geological or environmental change it can be rapid. A **bewildering** number of life forms may appear and many do not survive.
179
mała rybka; maleństwo (coś małego lub ktoś mały)
tiddler
The reason for that difference is that many green firms are small—their median market capitalisation is about $6bn—and the **tiddlers** have gone up the most.
180
ożywić; pobudzać
to animate
“The stone age did not end for lack of stone, and the oil age will end long before the world runs out of petroleum.” That battle cry **animates** critics of Big Oil, who dream of phasing out hydrocarbons in favour of cleaner fuels and technologies.
181
trud, niewygoda, ciężkie doświadczenia życiowe
hardship
Negligent banks can create boom and bust cycles that inflict economic **hardship**. So it is easy to assume that the sidelining of banks might be just another shackle broken by technological advance.
182
zrzucić się, dołożyć się
to pony up
In response, platforms that once paid little or nothing to creators are **ponying up**.
183
hard-hitting
ostry, bezkompromisowy
Nothing is missing from this lucid and **hard-hitting** defense. One or two well-aimed arrows were meant for La Croix, the “newspaper rightly or wrongly considered as the voice of the Church in France” that used its columns “in this odious campaign.”
184
out and out
całkowity, absolutny
I was always kept at a distance from the Roman Curia because I was—so it was said —a modernist. So, you be careful not to declare yourself such an **out and out** conservative.”
185
in-dash
deska rozdzielcza (np. w samochodzie)
*[=dashboard]*
Want better acceleration, longer range, an enhanced self-driving system, or your **in-dash** entertainment system to play fart noises every time you flip your turn signal? Tesla has shown they’re just a software upgrade away.
186
mnóstwo
oodles
Of the larger American firms, Apple tv+ has yet to take off, despite giving away subscriptions left, right and centre (more than 60% of its 40m or so users are reckoned to be on free trials). It has not registered any big hits so far, but it has **oodles** of cash with which to buy some if it chooses; Apple executives reportedly looked at mgm before Amazon swooped in.
187
wejście, brama wjazdowa
gateway
But the bigger threat is that payment platforms may become a **gateway** allowing tech platforms to attract more users.
188
dekorować; przyozdabiać
to adorn
Even in places like Auckland, Mexico City or Jakarta, the logos **adorning** the tallest buildings are those of ANZ, BBVA or HSBC.
189
założyć interes; zacząć działać
to set up shop
And having chosen to license content to distributors in other countries, such as Sky in Britain, rather than **set up shop** abroad, its international footprint is puny.
190
żałować (komuś czegoś), skąpić (na czymś)
to skimp
While Ballmer won’t be **skimping** on the fine foods and comforts—he’s assured that the seats in the upper deck are as plush as the ones on the baseline—he wants a stadium that’s “about the game.”
191
szydzić
to jeer
Look at you down there, trying to run for your life, **jeers** Summer Solesis, peering down at the camera. You don’t stand a chance against my giant, size 11 feet!” Standing over her phone, she pretends to stamp on the viewer, who gets the effect—sort of—that Ms Solesis is a “giantess with dirty feet getting rid of the tiny men infesting my house”, as one video is captioned.
192
odwrócić się; wrzucić na wsteczny
to go into reverse
Still, many investors are optimistic. Few think that the energy transition will **go into reverse**. They argue that the prospects for the sector as a whole are promising, even if some firms end up being duds.
193
przyćmić
to dwarf
The total assets of the world’ s biggest 1,000 banks were worth some $128trn in 2020, **dwarfing** annual global gross product of $84.5trn.
194
carnation
goździk
Later in the presence of Jean Montalat, deputy mayor of Tulle, he placed a wreath of **carnations** on the war memorial and another at the memorial for the Martyrs of the Resistance (he was, of course, the son of a Resistance Vghter who had died after being deported).
195
przekształcać (np. dokument), przerabiać (utwór literacki)
to recast
So the firm has instead **recast** “Stories” as a platform on which curated partners, such as big media companies, can offer original content. Snapchat’s four other main offerings are conceived as platforms , too.
196
dreszcz
shiver
“This judgment will not only send **shivers** down the collective spines of the oil industry, but of all the other industries that significantly contribute to the greenhouse gases,” said Martyn Day, a lawyer at Leigh Day, a London-based law firm that has been involved in other pollution cases against Shell.
197
put
*an options contract that gives the owner the right, but not the obligation, to sell a certain amount of the underlying asset, at a set price within a specific time. The buyer of a put option believes that the underlying stock will drop below the exercise price before the expiration date.*
The Tinder equity options came with four “scheduled **puts**” starting in 2017 when Rad and his colleagues would have windows to cash in their shares.
198
począwszy od …
from … onwards
**From the second child onwards**, new parents will get a one-off payment of 12,000 zloty per child.
199
parting shot
na pożeganienie (niemiła uwaga przed odejściem)
As a **parting shot** the Archbishop added that the Cité Catholique was criticized for not wanting to put up with “the sight of your children growing up in a climate of materialism, secularism, and atheism.… While this atmosphere is ruining the supernatural spirit, i.e., the spirit of prayer and self-denial, and consequently the birth of priestly vocations, they want to stop you rechristianizing society. Your initiatives are crucial and only strengthen Catholic Action.”
200
elitarny
rarefied
Aside from renown in the **rarefied** realm of highbrow cinema, until the 1990s South Korean popular culture went largely unnoticed beyond the country’s borders.
201
hatchet man
facet od brudnej roboty
Hollywood traditionalists were scandalised; many now feel some satisfaction. “AT&T backstabs its own **hatchet man**” ran a headline in Variety, an industry magazine.
202
to make short work of something
szybko się z czymś uporać
While analysts for years predicted that big auto makers would **make short work of** Tesla, it turns out electric vehicles are more about software than hardware.
203
pobrać się, związać się węzłem małżeńskim
to tie the knot
Many of the show’s romances are rocky. But the couples—and riveted viewers—realise that, unless they **tie the knot** in time , deportation awaits.
204
gateway
wejście, brama wjazdowa
But the bigger threat is that payment platforms may become a **gateway** allowing tech platforms to attract more users.
205
to set up shop
założyć interes; zacząć działać
And having chosen to license content to distributors in other countries, such as Sky in Britain, rather than **set up shop** abroad, its international footprint is puny.
206
for a start
na początek
**For a start**, many clean energy firms are now more viable. The prices of some technologies have fallen dramatically, making them competitive with fossil fuel firms.
207
to torment
męczyć, dręczyć, torturować
It was the deepest the **tormented** franchise has ever gotten, but without Leonard, Los Angeles ended up falling in the conference final to Phoenix and former Clipper Chris Paul.
208
reception
tu: przyjęcie (np. weselne)
In the afternoon after the ceremony of enthronement in the cathedral attended by the civil authorities, he held a **reception** for the clergy and town’s leaders.
209
kłopotliwy (o sytuacji), nieciekawy (o rozwoju wypadków)
sticky
Strutting their stuff. NBC Universal, which is owned by Comcast, a cable giant, and last year launched its Peacock streaming service, and Viacom CBS, which recently unveiled its own equivalent, Paramount+, are in a **sticky** position.
210
wyrzeczenie
self-denial
As a parting shot the Archbishop added that the Cité Catholique was criticized for not wanting to put up with “the sight of your children growing up in a climate of materialism, secularism, and atheism.… While this atmosphere is ruining the supernatural spirit, i.e., the spirit of prayer and **self-denial**, and consequently the birth of priestly vocations, they want to stop you rechristianizing society. Your initiatives are crucial and only strengthen Catholic Action.”
211
to allege
zarzucać (coś komuś)
The civil suit against Shell was led by the Dutch arm of Friends of the Earth, an environmental group. It **alleged** Shell’s production of oil and natural gas contributed to climate change, violating a so called duty of care to those affected by it and failing to meet the company’s human-rights obligations. Rather than seek damages, activists asked the court to force Shell to reduce its carbon emissions.
212
froth
*refers to a market condition where an asset's price begins to increase beyond its intrinsic value*
These suggest that the degree of **froth** varies across green stocks . The median price-to-earnings ratio of renewable power firms is about that of the S&P 500. By contrast, EV firms have a median price-to-earnings ratio roughly twice that of the wider index.
213
variant
wariant, odmiana
Soriot told the Financial Times that the jab was only slightly less effective against the **variant** first found in India than against the strain identified in Kent. He added that a new booster had performed well against other variants in animal studies.
214
połączyć siły, zjednoczyć się
to join forces
On May 17th Discovery announced that it was to form a marriage of necessity of its own, **joining forces** with WarnerMedia, which is to be spun off from its owner, AT&T, a telecoms giant.
215
tajniki działania
inner workings
A legal fight in a New York state court this week over the multibillion-dollar fortune created by the hit dating app, Tinder, threatens to expose the **inner-workings** of Barry Diller’s sprawling media empire.
216
booster
dawka przypominająca (np. lekarstw, dla wzmocnienia działania poprzedniej dawki)
Soriot told the Financial Times that the jab was only slightly less effective against the variant first found in India than against the strain identified in Kent. He added that a new **booster** had performed well against other variants in animal studies.
217
łagodzić (coś)
to temper
Better informed firms should also **temper** the instability inherent in today ’s form of credit provision.
218
to knock over
przewrócić coś
At one point, Amazonians were instructed to **knock over** the coffee, stand up, and loudly object if they heard colleagues hint at price-setting or collusion in internal meetings.
219
sticky
kłopotliwy (o sytuacji), nieciekawy (o rozwoju wypadków)
Strutting their stuff. NBC Universal, which is owned by Comcast, a cable giant, and last year launched its Peacock streaming service, and Viacom CBS, which recently unveiled its own equivalent, Paramount+, are in a **sticky** position.
220
for a time
na pewien czas
A cyberattack on the American financial system that closed JP Morgan Chase **for a time** would be distressing. A similar attack that shut down a Federal Reserve digital currency could be devastating.
221
tygiel; ciężka próba
crucible
The relentless founder’s intensity, however, is likely to be harder to replicate. As Stone points out, executives assigned to a “Jeff project”, where Bezos insisted on regular updates, were in “the hottest **crucible** at Amazon”.
222
tu: slogan, hasło
cry
“The stone age did not end for lack of stone, and the oil age will end long before the world runs out of petroleum.” That battle **cry** animates critics of Big Oil, who dream of phasing out hydrocarbons in favour of cleaner fuels and technologies.
223
tu: przyjęcie (np. weselne)
reception
In the afternoon after the ceremony of enthronement in the cathedral attended by the civil authorities, he held a **reception** for the clergy and town’s leaders.
224
to curate
selekcjonować
So the firm has instead recast “Stories” as a platform on which **curated** partners, such as big media companies, can offer original content. Snapchat’s four other main offerings are conceived as platforms, too.
225
wreath
wieniec
Later in the presence of Jean Montalat, deputy mayor of Tulle, he placed a **wreath** of carnations on the war memorial and another at the memorial for the Martyrs of the Resistance (he was, of course, the son of a Resistance Vghter who had died after being deported).
226
wymykać się (uciekać od kogoś)
to elude
Meanwhile, the Clippers keep chasing the title which continues to **elude** them. Ballmer says that one of the biggest differences between big tech and the NBA is the latter’s ruthlessly accelerated timetable for success.
227
oodles
mnóstwo
Of the larger American firms, Apple tv+ has yet to take off, despite giving away subscriptions left, right and centre (more than 60% of its 40m or so users are reckoned to be on free trials). It has not registered any big hits so far, but it has **oodles** of cash with which to buy some if it chooses; Apple executives reportedly looked at mgm before Amazon swooped in.
228
należyta staranność
duty of care
The civil suit against Shell was led by the Dutch arm of Friends of the Earth, an environmental group. It alleged Shell’s production of oil and natural gas contributed to climate change, violating a so called **duty of care** to those affected by it and failing to meet the company’s human-rights obligations. Rather than seek damages, activists asked the court to force Shell to reduce its carbon emissions.
229
to elude
wymykać się (uciekać od kogoś)
Meanwhile, the Clippers keep chasing the title which continues to **elude** them. Ballmer says that one of the biggest differences between big tech and the NBA is the latter’s ruthlessly accelerated timetable for success.
230
ogarnięty przerażeniem
seized with terror
On reading these timely but uncomfortable truths, the French bishops were **seized with horror**.
231
to strut one's stuff
pokazać się, zabłysnąć, zaszpanować
**Strutting their stuff**. NBC Universal, which is owned by Comcast, a cable giant, and last year launched its Peacock streaming service, and Viacom CBS, which recently unveiled its own equivalent, Paramount+, are in a sticky position.
232
more heat than light
sprawiać, że coś powoduje gniew
*causes anger without making something (such as an issue under discussion) better understood*
The issue of diversity on boards is also emotional, and it often creates **more heat than light**. Both sides have plenty of anecdotes to draw from.
233
## Footnote
*refers to a market condition where an asset's price begins to increase beyond its intrinsic value*
froth
These suggest that the degree of **froth** varies across green stocks . The median price-to-earnings ratio of renewable power firms is about that of the S&P 500. By contrast, EV firms have a median price-to-earnings ratio roughly twice that of the wider index.
234
wzmacniać
to buttress
The programme’s first pillar seeks to **buttress** Poland’s medical system in the wake of the pandemic, which has caused over 70,000 deaths, according to official figures.
235
crackdown
rozprawienie się z czymś
Yet as Agustín Carstens, boss of the Bank for International Settlements, a club of central bankers, said in March, “Data can substitute for collateral.” The information that payment platforms have on users is so plentiful and, until recent **crackdowns**, the restrictions so lax in China, that Markus Brunnermeier, of Princeton University, talks of “an inverse of the information asymmetry”, in which lenders know more about whether borrowers will repay than borrowers themselves.
236
na początek
for a start
**For a start**, many clean energy firms are now more viable. The prices of some technologies have fallen dramatically, making them competitive with fossil fuel firms.
237
nuptials
uroczystości ślubne, zaślubiny
But none of these assets alone would help a company to leap to global scale. Those that have not already arranged their **nuptials** may face the corporate equivalent of unceremonious deportation.
238
at the hands of somebody
z czyjegoś powodu; z czyichś rąk (np. zginąć)
Exxon’s loss came **at the hands of** Engine No. 1, an upstart hedge fund owning only about 0.02% of the oil giant’s stock. It had waged an aggressive campaign challenging the company’s energy transition strategy and response to climate change, depicting it as a corporate dinosaur.
239
to pony up
zrzucić się, dołożyć się
In response, platforms that once paid little or nothing to creators are **ponying up**.
240
duty of care
należyta staranność
The civil suit against Shell was led by the Dutch arm of Friends of the Earth, an environmental group. It alleged Shell’s production of oil and natural gas contributed to climate change, violating a so called **duty of care** to those affected by it and failing to meet the company’s human-rights obligations. Rather than seek damages, activists asked the court to force Shell to reduce its carbon emissions.
241
to bewilder
oszołomić, zadziwiać
Evolution is generally slow, but at times of geological or environmental change it can be rapid. A **bewildering** number of life forms may appear and many do not survive.
242
hand in glove
w ścisłej współpracy, nierozłączni
In reality the government and the bishops had been **hand in glove** with each other since January.
243
precipitous
nagły, niespodziewany
Its shares dropped **precipitously** in value, at one point in late 2018 sinking below $5, less than a fifth of the price they fetched when the firm started trading.
244
from … onwards
począwszy od …
**From the second child onwards**, new parents will get a one-off payment of 12,000 zloty per child.
245
setback
niepowodzenie; problem
Exxon suffers **setback** in costly proxy fight.
246
postępowanie (sądowe), proces (sądowy)
proceeding
Longtime court observers caution against reading too much into any judge’s statements during a **proceeding**. Judge Gonzalez Rogers’s questions came after Mr. Cook had tried to spend much of his time emphasizing that user security motivates Apple.
247
przyjąć się, zyskać na popularności (np. nowa moda)
to catch on
Tech firms are using their platforms to reverse-engineer banking. This has even **caught on** in America, where creditcard sweeteners keep users hooked and payments tech has lagged.
248
to elude
wymykać się, omijać (uciekać od kogoś, od czegoś)
While attracting large numbers of Asian-American fans to his shows, the crossover success that would later be achieved by acts such as Psy, BTS, and Blackpink **eluded** him.
249
na pewien czas
for a time
A cyberattack on the American financial system that closed JP Morgan Chase **for a time** would be distressing. A similar attack that shut down a Federal Reserve digital currency could be devastating.
250
przemycić
to sneak
Epic filed its lawsuit against Apple in August after the iPhone maker kicked “Fortnite” out of the App Store for violating its rules. Epic’s team had created an in-app payment system aimed at circumventing Apple’s and **sneaked** it into “Fortnite” that month.
