Deck no. 16 Flashcards

Question

to prey

Answer 1

żerować For Beijing and Moscow, on the other hand, the U.S. has been **preying** on them: fomenting color revolutions against their political systems while, under the guise of rules-based order, denying them their rightful spheres of influence.

Answer 2

ulegać; poddawać się (czemuś) Those who refused to **succumb** to the persecutions of the fourth beast, made up Rome, and reigned for literally one thousand years-the period between Alaric's sack of Rome in 410, the date conventionally given for the fall of Rome, and the first outbreak of revolution in Europe, when Huss was excommunicated and gave his revolutionary sermon at the Bethlehem Chapel in 1410.

Answer 3

zdumiony; zakłopotany The Rabbis were **perplexed**; they could not explain why so many Jews converted.

Answer 4

ground rules The following day, the pope laid down the **ground rules**. The disputation was not a debate between equals; it was rather a form of instruction, according to which the Jews were allowed to defend themselves against charges Geronimo de Sancte Fide would raise.

Answer 5

to stand for They are, in fact, the opposite: in rejecting Christ they reject Moses and everything Moses **stood for**.

Answer 6

objaśniać By now it should be apparent that self-interest is an inadequate form of economic control. It is not a source of control at all; it is rather the source of the problem. That so many people should have so much difficulty recognizing the problem is in large measure due to Libertarian economic theory, which was based on Adam Smith's appropriation of the ultimate self-regulating mechanism, the solar system as **expounded** by Newtonian physics.

Answer 7

exorbitant But before the bill eventually came due, the looters were able to buy big firms like Beatrice Foods and regain their **exorbitant** purchase price by chopping them up and selling off the pieces of the company for the same price they had paid for the company itself.

Answer 8

catch There was one **catch**. To even start preparing such a deal in earnest, the company needed to get a clean bill of health from KPMG, which was conducting a special audit of Wirecard’s books.

Answer 9

disposed While Pompey sat outside the walls, the priests sacrificed to their god, who seemed **disposed** to hold the Romans at bay.

Answer 10

to come across as Still, by the standards of Tinseltown, where he now spends a couple of days most weeks amid studio intrigues and moody showrunners, he and his firm can **come across as** robotic.

Answer 11

tu: pochłaniać It will **devour** the whole earth, trample it underfoot and crush it.

Answer 12

to debilitate All that was needed was a steady income stream to make the interest payments and a cheap supply of other people's money, something which the Fed provided under the long, **debilitating** reign of Alan Greenspan.

Answer 13

meticulous The archive was well over 100,000 pages, containing **meticulous** details of the detainees who had passed to death through his prison, Tuol Sleng, or S-21, over the previous four years.

Answer 14

posłuszny A government **docile** to the interests of the plutocrats provided the other key ingredient, namely, a tax loophole which enabled these predatory takeovers by allowing the firms that got taken over to deduct their interest payments from their taxes.

Answer 15

pionek; marionetka He has accused Germany of scheming to recover land it lost to Poland after the war and Angela Merkel, the German chancellor, of being a **pawn** of the Stasi, the former East German secret police.

Answer 16

zaakceptować; wybaczyć The popes did not **condone** forced baptism, but they affirmed that the sacrament of baptism left an indelible mark.

Answer 17

to trample It will devour the whole earth, **trample** it underfoot and crush it.

Answer 18

główny; czołowy One of the main reasons they did not seem apparent at the time was Michael Novak. Professor Stephen M. Bainbridge referred to Novak as the **foremost** Christian thinker on the economy, and to The Spirit of Democratic Capitalism as undoubtedly his magnum opus.

Answer 19

strain This **strain** of messianic politics made the Hussite revolution different from the great English peasant revolt of 1381 or the Pastoreux uprising in France.

Answer 20

przymus Baer's account of Levi's conversion emphasizes the **coercion** of the mob but minimizes Jewish losses in the intellectual battle with the Catholics ever since Donin arranged the disputation over the Talmud in Paris in the mid 13th Century.

Answer 21

to devour It will **devour** the whole earth, trample it underfoot and crush it.

Answer 22

fruition lf This idea would reach **fruition** in England when Henry VIII put in motion the theft of the monasteries from the Church and their distribution to families-Cecil, Russell, Cromwell, et aI-who would become the backbone of what William Cobbett regarded as a revolutionary movement there.

Answer 23

multitude Calling Huss, a Czech priest who had loosened the bonds in which the church had ensnared the minds of men, Heinrich Graetz notes the flames ... fired a **multitude** in Bohemia, who entered on a life and death struggle with Catholicism.

Answer 24

coarse Jews and Moors were required to wear badges distinguishing them from Christians. They could only dress in **coarse** cloth and were not allowed to shave or cut their hair so as to appear Christian.

Answer 25

tu: wyboraca; inne: składnik, element By attacking the activities of the Jewish financiers, Democrats hoped to disrupt Reagan's economic policies, which were damaging their own **constituents**.

Answer 26

tu: tłum Calling Huss, a Czech priest who had loosened the bonds in which the church had ensnared the minds of men, Heinrich Graetz notes the flames ... fired a **multitude** in Bohemia, who entered on a life and death struggle with Catholicism.

Answer 27

or Levi, **or** Paul of Burgos, followed in the footsteps of his Dominican mentors. He studied at the University of Paris, then returned to Castile, where he rose rapidly in the hierarchy, eventually becoming Bishop of Burgos.

Answer 28

case for something Covid-19 has strengthened the **case for** digital identity systems.

Answer 29

running Anyone may access sensitive information like a **running** tally of subscribers, which Wall Street would kill for. Executives seal multimillion-dollar deals without sign-off from top brass.

Answer 30

figurehead He named the pliable, dim-witted Hyrcanus high-priest and ethnarch, ensuring he was only a **figurehead** by putting him under the authority of Antipater, whom he made governor of Judaea.

Answer 31

constituent By attacking the activities of the Jewish financiers, Democrats hoped to disrupt Reagan's economic policies, which were damaging their own **constituents**.

Answer 32

dobroczyńca, ofiarodawca We breathe, in other words, the toxic vapors of the revolutionary movement. Huss was appointed preacher at the Bethlehem Chapel in Prague in 1402. Wealthy **benefactors** created the Chapel in the 1390s to promote preaching in the Czech language. The confluence of Wycliffe's heretical ideas and nascent Czech nationalism spawned a powerful political movement, which immediately became the vehicle for messianic politics.

Answer 33

to hold fast to something The Gospel of St. John, according to Brumlik, portrays Jews, in fact all Jews, insofar as they are Jews-which is to say, insofar as they **hold fast to** their position as children of Abraham-as essentially damned enemies of Jesus.'

Answer 34

wszechstronny The appeal to judaizing primitivism expressed a general and **comprehensive** rejection of the Roman system, a kind of total alienation from the status quo.

Answer 35

to come about The leveraged buy-out was a predatory economic practice that **came about** during the era of cheap equity, abundant credit, and the government withdrawal from oversight over the economy that began in earnest during the Reagan era.

Answer 36

to lie through one's teeth The brazenness of Marsalek [and others], who constantly **lied through their teeth**, is just mind blowing.

Answer 37

prowadzić kogoś na manowce, sprowadzać kogoś na złą drogę People stood in groups whispering about him. Some said, He is a good man; others No, he is **leading the people astray**. Yet no one spoke about him openly for fear of the Jews.

Answer 38

o ile; o tyle, o ile The Gospel of St. John, according to Brumlik, portrays Jews, in fact all Jews, **insofar** as they are Jews-which is to say, insofar as they hold fast to their position as children of Abraham-as essentially damned enemies of Jesus.'

Answer 39

to lead somebody astray People stood in groups whispering about him. Some said, He is a good man; others No, he is **leading the people astray**. Yet no one spoke about him openly for fear of the Jews.

Answer 40

principality Huss, like Wycliffe, appealed first to the example of the Primitive Church. That appeal soon went beyond the Primitive Church of the New Testament to a more appropriate object of imitation in the Old, Joshua leading his people in battle against flesh and blood foes, not against the **principalities** and powers the Church fought.

Answer 41

overwhelmingly Both Martin and Charlie Sheen played characters which were identifiably Catholic in Wall Street, but Gordon Gecko was never identified as a Jew even though all the rapacious leveraged-buyout kings of the 1980s were **overwhelmingly** Jewish.

Answer 42

vagary The attainment of the worker's rights needs government support; it cannot be left to the **vagaries** of the free market, the gold standard or any other self-regulating, market-based mechanism, which in reality is nothing more than a Tarnhelm which renders the usurer invisible.

Answer 43

dolegliwość Yet in geopolitics, as in biology, it turns out that mankind remains susceptible to new strains of old maladies. If pandemic disease and geopolitical rivalry have been two of humanity’s recurring **afflictions** over the centuries, great-power war completes the trifecta.

Answer 44

odmiana (np. grypy, rośliny), szczep (np. bakterii), rasa (zwierzęcia) This **strain** of messianic politics made the Hussite revolution different from the great English peasant revolt of 1381 or the Pastoreux uprising in France.

Answer 45

physician While visiting the castle of Caspe and playing a decisive role in raising Fernande de Antiquera to the throne, Ferrer met Joshua Halorki, the pope's **physician**, and engaged him in conversations about conversion.

Answer 46

wzywać kogoś do zrobienia czegoś The priest Mattathias and his five sons **called upon the Jews to revolt**.

Answer 47

to be on the run Jan Marsalek, Wirecard’s former second-in command, **is on the run**, and the boss of a key Wirecard business partner in the Philippines has been registered dead.

Answer 48

zawierać, cechować się The menu doesn't **feature** non-alcoholic beverages.

Answer 49

dzielnica Roman soldiers poured through the breach into the Temple **precincts** where they slaughtered the Jewish priests.

Answer 50

przymierze; pakt The issue was the Talmud, which had become the heart of the Jewish religion, distorting the Torah and shielding it from its true and infallibly protected interpretation by the Church in the light of the New **Covenant** upon which She is founded (the failing of the Jews regarding the Torah is also a failing of Messianic Christian heretics who in many ways imitate the Jews in belief and practice).

Answer 51

gulasz One by one the ingredients that made up the **stew** of revolution took their place in Huss's mind where they simmered through years of public activity as a professor and a preacher.

Answer 52

dissension Brumlik claims there is no evidence of intra-Jewish **dissension** outside of the gospel accounts, but there is plenty within them.

Answer 53

servitude The Christians saw the Messiah as a God-man, while the Jewish definition is that of a superior human being. The function of the Christian Messiah is to save souls from Hell, which the Jewish Messiah is to keep the Jewish bodies out of **servitude**.'

Answer 54

bandyta If Jerome of Prague were unable to invoke Moses, he would have been considered a common **thug**. With Moses and Israel on his lips, Jerome took thuggery to a new level, the level of revolutionary activity.

Answer 55

wygórowany; nadmierny But before the bill eventually came due, the looters were able to buy big firms like Beatrice Foods and regain their **exorbitant** purchase price by chopping them up and selling off the pieces of the company for the same price they had paid for the company itself.

Answer 56

księstwo Huss, like Wycliffe, appealed first to the example of the Primitive Church. That appeal soon went beyond the Primitive Church of the New Testament to a more appropriate object of imitation in the Old, Joshua leading his people in battle against flesh and blood foes, not against the **principalities** and powers the Church fought.

Answer 57

sprawiać wrażenie, wydawać się Still, by the standards of Tinseltown, where he now spends a couple of days most weeks amid studio intrigues and moody showrunners, he and his firm can **come across as** robotic.

Answer 58

praktyczność For them, **expediency** trumped dogma. Princes and kings needed Jews to lend them money, so they were more likely to allow them to attempt what was theologically impossible, namely, undo the indelible mark of baptism on the soul.

Answer 59

pewne podejrzenia, domysły When the president of the United States leaves office and goes to work for a PE firm, you get some **inkling** of their political influence. This is precisely what happened when George H. W. Bush left office and went to work for the Carlyle Group, one of the biggest and most predatory of the PE firms.

Answer 60

to snap back When the pope asked whether it was possible for the Messiah to live such a long time, Rabbi Astruc Halevi **snapped back** that it was no less plausible than what Christians believed about their Messiah.

Answer 61

to harass As for the ten horns: from this kingdom will rise ten kings, and another after them; this one will be different from the previous one and will bring down three kings; he is going to speak words against the Most High, and **harass** the saints of the Most High.

Answer 62

konsternacja One of the Jews, Joshua Halorki read that letter and expressed shock and **dismay** at Levy's conversion, but admitted he too had religious doubts.

Answer 63

tu: o którym mowa The Judaism **in question** takes on an official character. It has its seat in Jerusalem and it is hostile to Jesus.''

Answer 64

słabnąć; poluzowywać In the letter that expressed his doubts to Levy, Halorki reveals anew the character of those Averroist intellectuals who sought to enjoy all the cultural values and treasures of enlightenment, while their ties with the traditions of their own people **slackened** more and more.

Answer 65

to slacken In the letter that expressed his doubts to Levy, Halorki reveals anew the character of those Averroist intellectuals who sought to enjoy all the cultural values and treasures of enlightenment, while their ties with the traditions of their own people **slackened** more and more.

Answer 66

przemierzać; dokładnie analizować Benedict XIII had arranged an all-out cultural offensive against the Jews. While Geronimo de Sancte Fide would engage them in debate, St. Vincent Ferrer would **traverse** Aragon preaching his miraculous sermons. Few Jews could resist this combination.

Answer 67

to utter They are, nevertheless, firmly convinced that, were the authors of those sayings now alive, they would have known how to defend them because, as wise and good men, they could not have **uttered** any unseemly statements. This may be sly irony, but it was hardly convincing apologetics.

Answer 68

trójka; triada Yet in geopolitics, as in biology, it turns out that mankind remains susceptible to new strains of old maladies. If pandemic disease and geopolitical rivalry have been two of humanity’s recurring afflictions over the centuries, great-power war completes the **trifecta**.

Answer 69

przykuwać uwagę Resentment against the Jews had led to widespread rioting in 1391, and that in turn **riveted** the attention of the Church on the Jews.

Answer 70

lekarz While visiting the castle of Caspe and playing a decisive role in raising Fernande de Antiquera to the throne, Ferrer met Joshua Halorki, the pope's **physician**, and engaged him in conversations about conversion.

Answer 71

nieodłączna część This is **part and parcel**, according to this view, of the satanic nature of the Jews.

Answer 72

to dumbfound On June 15, 1414, Geronimo de Sancte Fide read some Talmudic passages which should have been censored, and asked the Jews if they were ready to defend them. The Jews, who probably decided to maintain silence beforehand, gave no reply. Geronimo took the Jews' silence as proof they were **dumbfounded** and bewildered.''

Answer 73

symboliczny przywódca (np. marionetkowy przywódca polityczny) He named the pliable, dim-witted Hyrcanus high-priest and ethnarch, ensuring he was only a **figurehead** by putting him under the authority of Antipater, whom he made governor of Judaea.

Answer 74

preserve Moreover, Netflix may have no choice but to expand into new industries. This would be a departure from its laser focus on its core product: quality streamed entertainment. But show business is increasingly the **preserve** of conglomerates.

Answer 75

podeptać It will devour the whole earth, **trample** it underfoot and crush it.

Answer 76

przywłaszczyć sobie The idea of the realm as a salvationary community enabled an ethnic group to **appropriate** models from the Old Testament and define itself as a holy nation, whose purpose was spreading heaven on earth by the sword, which became the essence of the revolutionary ideology.

Answer 77

gotowy, skłonny While Pompey sat outside the walls, the priests sacrificed to their god, who seemed **disposed** to hold the Romans at bay.

Answer 78

niedłączny But today’s great-power clashes are unfolding in places—from the South China Sea and Ukraine to cyberspace— where borders are blurry and the potential for miscalculation is **inherent**.

Answer 79

to call upon somebody to do something The priest Mattathias and his five sons **called upon the Jews to revolt**.

Answer 80

complacent The U.S. was largely **complacent** about the first two dangers until, to its surprise, they exploded on its doorstep; it shouldn’t repeat that mistake with the third.

Answer 81

powodujący mdłości; przyprawiający o ból żołądka Sunshining', the **stomach-churning** spectacle of publicly explaining choices, helps not to repeat mistakes. Senior Netflixers’ ability to swallow their pride is truly exceptional, says Willy Shih of Harvard Business School, who has written two case studies on the firm.

Answer 82

sad The Benedictines brought grapes, transforming the wilderness into a garden, a vineyard, and an **orchard**-all still standing today, bearing fruit over a hundred-fold over the thousand year reign of Benedict in Europe.

Answer 83

przebrnąć przez coś (np. przez żmudną pracę) **Wading through** the blood of slain priests, Pompey penetrated to the holy of holies to find that the object ofJewish worship was not an ass's head, as Alexandrian propagandists had claimed.

Answer 84

affliction Yet in geopolitics, as in biology, it turns out that mankind remains susceptible to new strains of old maladies. If pandemic disease and geopolitical rivalry have been two of humanity’s recurring **afflictions** over the centuries, great-power war completes the trifecta.

Answer 85

confluence We breathe, in other words, the toxic vapors of the revolutionary movement. Huss was appointed preacher at the Bethlehem Chapel in Prague in 1402. Wealthy benefactors created the Chapel in the 1390s to promote preaching in the Czech language. The **confluence** of Wycliffe's heretical ideas and nascent Czech nationalism spawned a powerful political movement, which immediately became the vehicle for messianic politics.

Answer 86

heathenism The Hussites regarded Catholicism, not unjustly as **heathenism**, and themselves as Israelites, which must wage holy war against Philistines, Moabites and Ammonites.

Answer 87

beztroski The U.S. was largely **complacent** about the first two dangers until, to its surprise, they exploded on its doorstep; it shouldn’t repeat that mistake with the third.

Answer 88

spowodować To **bring about** the kingdom of God, then, the Holy Nation of the Bohemian warriors had to destroy the monasteries.

Answer 89

na progu czegoś (np. dorosłego życia), na przełomie czegoś (np. lat) Humanity’s technological ingenuity is therefore **on the cusp of** outstripping its strategic and moral imagination.

Answer 90

odpokutować Millions of broken hearts and tragic fates have not yet **atoned** for his death.

Answer 91

wyrzucać Great-power competition, authoritarian alternatives to democracy—these too, not long ago, were presumed to have been safely **consigned** to the ash heap of history.

Answer 92

zdymisjonować; obalić Two years after Vincent Ferrer's flagellants marched through Aragon, Benedict XIII was **deposed**. The king died a few months later, and a psychological reaction set in.

Answer 93

to run high Feelings **run high**. Boris Johnson, Britain’s prime minister, once vowed that if he had to carry an id card and a bossy official demanded to see it, he would physically eat it.

Answer 94

second-in-command Jan Marsalek, Wirecard’s former **second-in-command** , is on the run, and the boss of a key Wirecard business partner in the Philippines has been registered dead.

Answer 95

to atone Millions of broken hearts and tragic fates have not yet **atoned** for his death.

Answer 96

wyznanie wiary; wiara This was the essence of revolution then, and revolutionaries from Bar Kokhba to Trotsky have remained faithful to this **creed**. Many Jewish commentators have noticed the underlying congruity between Talmudic Judaism and revolution.

Answer 97

invariably Caron notes the dialogue with the Jews **invariably** occurs during a religious festival when Jesus is either in or on his way to Jerusalem.

Answer 98

thug If Jerome of Prague were unable to invoke Moses, he would have been considered a common **thug**. With Moses and Israel on his lips, Jerome took thuggery to a new level, the level of revolutionary activity.

Answer 99

palpable As with Weigel's attack on Caritas in Veritate, the outrage among Catholics who had some knowledge of what the encyclical had actually said on the issue was **palpable**.

Answer 100

to consign Great-power competition, authoritarian alternatives to democracy—these too, not long ago, were presumed to have been safely **consigned** to the ash heap of history.

Answer 101

indelible The popes did not condone forced baptism, but they affirmed that the sacrament of baptism left an **indelible** mark.

Answer 102

to wade through something **Wading through** the blood of slain priests, Pompey penetrated to the holy of holies to find that the object ofJewish worship was not an ass's head, as Alexandrian propagandists had claimed.

Answer 103

to obliterate Yet some think that, just as the threat of mutual assured destruction saved the U.S. and Soviet Union from **obliterating** each other during the Cold War, a similar deterrence will again keep the world safe.

Answer 104

to come down on the side of Eventually, the Church took the lead in the matter and **came down on the side of** baptism.

Answer 105

once and for all The pope was determined to solve the Jewish question **once and for all**. Benedict felt the confrontation between Halorki and the rabbis would lead to the extinction ofJudaism in Spain.

Answer 106

gotować na wolnym ogniu; dusić (potrawę) One by one the ingredients that made up the stew of revolution took their place in Huss's mind where they **simmered** through years of public activity as a professor and a preacher.

Answer 107

virulent The suffering inflicted by Covid-19 fits a wider 21st-century pattern: the unexpected return of old pathologies previously thought vanquished by the march of progress, now suddenly back in **virulently** modern forms.

Answer 108

opary We breathe, in other words, the toxic **vapors** of the revolutionary movement. Huss was appointed preacher at the Bethlehem Chapel in Prague in 1402. Wealthy benefactors created the Chapel in the 1390s to promote preaching in the Czech language. The confluence of Wycliffe's heretical ideas and nascent Czech nationalism spawned a powerful political movement, which immediately became the vehicle for messianic politics.

Answer 109

jednomyślność Nicodemus and Joseph of Arimethea were Jewish leaders, but they were also followers of Christ and thus proof there was as little **unanimity** among leaders as among followers.

Answer 110

largesse Koch would go onto bankroll Tea Party activists like Scott Walker, who was elected governor of Wisconsin in 2010 and promptly arranged to have Wisconsin's power plants transferred to Koch out of gratitude for his **largesse**.

Answer 111

kaprys The attainment of the worker's rights needs government support; it cannot be left to the **vagaries** of the free market, the gold standard or any other self-regulating, market-based mechanism, which in reality is nothing more than a Tarnhelm which renders the usurer invisible.

Answer 112

to have the upper hand Sensing that he **had the upper hand** over the pension fund managers, Henry Kravis. started flying them to KKR headquarters in his private jet and tying up their money in long-term contracts that benefited KKR.

Answer 113

odpyskować, odburknąć When the pope asked whether it was possible for the Messiah to live such a long time, Rabbi Astruc Halevi **snapped back** that it was no less plausible than what Christians believed about their Messiah.

Answer 114

creed This was the essence of revolution then, and revolutionaries from Bar Kokhba to Trotsky have remained faithful to this **creed**. Many Jewish commentators have noticed the underlying congruity between Talmudic Judaism and revolution.

Answer 115

pogaństwo The Hussites regarded Catholicism, not unjustly as **heathenism**, and themselves as Israelites, which must wage holy war against Philistines, Moabites and Ammonites.

Answer 116

stos; sterta Great-power competition, authoritarian alternatives to democracy—these too, not long ago, were presumed to have been safely consigned to the ash **heap** of history.

Answer 117

pragnąć The disputants demonstrated very different notions of what the Messiah was supposed to do. The gentiles **longed for** release from the bondage of sin and for the salvation of their souls; the Jews awaited a Messianic king who will build the earthly Jerusalem.

Answer 118

hojność Koch would go onto bankroll Tea Party activists like Scott Walker, who was elected governor of Wisconsin in 2010 and promptly arranged to have Wisconsin's power plants transferred to Koch out of gratitude for his **largesse**.

Answer 119

to disconcert Perhaps Pompey found the empty shrine unsettling; perhaps he was **disconcerted** by a presence he felt even though no object represented it.

Answer 120

namacalny; oczywisty As with Weigel's attack on Caritas in Veritate, the outrage among Catholics who had some knowledge of what the encyclical had actually said on the issue was **palpable**.

Answer 121

remnant Baer feels the king was inviting the two de la Cavallerias to his camp mainly for political and practical reasons, but the defection was devastating nonetheless, to the **remnant** of Spanish Jewry it must indeed have seemed as if the sun had set with the apostasy of Don Vidal.

Answer 122

heap Great-power competition, authoritarian alternatives to democracy—these too, not long ago, were presumed to have been safely consigned to the ash **heap** of history.

Answer 123

bondage The disputants demonstrated very different notions of what the Messiah was supposed to do. The gentiles longed for release from the **bondage** of sin and for the salvation of their souls; the Jews awaited a Messianic king who will build the earthly Jerusalem.

Answer 124

zarźliwy The suffering inflicted by Covid-19 fits a wider 21st-century pattern: the unexpected return of old pathologies previously thought vanquished by the march of progress, now suddenly back in **virulently** modern forms.

Answer 125

nieposłuszeństwo Vindicated by the king's **defiance**, Huss continued to preach sermons derived from Wycliffe, and the masses who attended Bethlehem Chapel edged closer to revolution.

Answer 126

trifecta Yet in geopolitics, as in biology, it turns out that mankind remains susceptible to new strains of old maladies. If pandemic disease and geopolitical rivalry have been two of humanity’s recurring afflictions over the centuries, great-power war completes the **trifecta**.

Answer 127

inkling When the president of the United States leaves office and goes to work for a PE firm, you get some **inkling** of their political influence. This is precisely what happened when George H. W. Bush left office and went to work for the Carlyle Group, one of the biggest and most predatory of the PE firms.

Answer 128

appropriation By now it should be apparent that self-interest is an inadequate form of economic control. It is not a source of control at all; it is rather the source of the problem. That so many people should have so much difficulty recognizing the problem is in large measure due to Libertarian economic theory, which was based on Adam Smith's **appropriation** of the ultimate self-regulating mechanism, the solar system as expounded by Newtonian physics.

Answer 129

niezmiennie Caron notes the dialogue with the Jews **invariably** occurs during a religious festival when Jesus is either in or on his way to Jerusalem.

Answer 130

bezskutecznie The Jews tried to get out of attending through bribery and protest, but **to no avail**.

Answer 131

comprehensive The appeal to judaizing primitivism expressed a general and **comprehensive** rejection of the Roman system, a kind of total alienation from the status quo.

Answer 132

podnosić się (np. emocje, temperatura); osiągać szczyty (o emocjach) Feelings **run high**. Boris Johnson, Britain’s prime minister, once vowed that if he had to carry an id card and a bossy official demanded to see it, he would physically eat it.

Answer 133

odcień Whenever a party in Christendom opposes itself to the ruling church, it assumes a **tinge** of the Old Testament, not to say Jewish spirit.

Answer 134

to comprehend The coming of Christ changed Jewish identity forever, something the Jews at His time **comprehended** only with difficulty. From then, the terms Israelite and Jew were no longer synonyms, because, Ferdinand Hahn points out in Caron's book, the 'true Israelites' from the Christian perspective are precisely those who, like Nathaniel, recognize in Jesus the Messiah.

Answer 135

łączyć Unlike the New Israel, warned by Jesus that those who lived by the sword would die by it, the Bohemian zealots who **conflated** regnum and ecclesia could spread the gospel with the sword because Bohemia was their ecclesia, and their religion, derived from the messianic politics which revolutionaries from the time of Simon bar Kokhba had gleaned from the Old Testament.

Answer 136

rite They, said one Hussite referring to Rome, have introduced as necessary for the kingdom of God, Greek rules, Aristotelic justice, Platonic sanctity, and gentile **rites** and honor.

Answer 137

dewastacja He singled out Philipp Fritz, a correspondent for Die Welt, a German daily, who had suggested that Rafal Trzaskowski, Mr Duda’s rival, would bring calm to German-Polish relations because he was unlikely to make astronomical demands for reparations for the **ravages** of the war.

Answer 138

domena, specjalność (czyjaś) Moreover, Netflix may have no choice but to expand into new industries. This would be a departure from its laser focus on its core product: quality streamed entertainment. But show business is increasingly the **preserve** of conglomerates.

Answer 139

z łatwością They were compelled to recognize a regularity which they compared to that which they were already familiar with in the field of natural sciences. The analogies to the natural sciences were **readily** drawn.

Answer 140

stomach-churning Sunshining', the **stomach-churning** spectacle of publicly explaining choices, helps not to repeat mistakes. Senior Netflixers’ ability to swallow their pride is truly exceptional, says Willy Shih of Harvard Business School, who has written two case studies on the firm.

Answer 141

to depose In 64 BC Pompey **deposed** Phillip II, the last Seleucid, and made Syria a Roman province.

Answer 142

judicious Zizka realized that the aristocratic army of armored knights on horseback could be neutralized by **judicious** use of terrain.

Answer 143

tu: to jednak So, although Jews cannot be forced to accept baptism, **still**, if they have in fact received it owing to force, they cannot now evade the penalties of heretics a will that is forced remains a will provided, however, that the force was not absolute.

Answer 144

choroba; dolegliwość Yet in geopolitics, as in biology, it turns out that mankind remains susceptible to new strains of old **maladies**. If pandemic disease and geopolitical rivalry have been two of humanity’s recurring afflictions over the centuries, great-power war completes the trifecta.

Answer 145

wretched Given **wretched** excess of this magnitude-Ohio Mattress had to meet debt payments equal to 28 times annual earnings-a reaction was inevitable. The press began referring to the leveraged buy-out firms as a new breed of robber baron.

Answer 146

przywiązywać (zwierzę), pętać, wiązać Apple’s and Amazon’s Hollywood ambitions are **tethered** to their powerful technology platforms.

Answer 147

opwiedzieć się za czymś; zacząć coś popierać Eventually, the Church took the lead in the matter and **came down on the side of** baptism.

Answer 148

bieżący Anyone may access sensitive information like a **running** tally of subscribers, which Wall Street would kill for. Executives seal multimillion-dollar deals without sign-off from top brass.

Answer 149

pozostałość; resztka Baer feels the king was inviting the two de la Cavallerias to his camp mainly for political and practical reasons, but the defection was devastating nonetheless, to the **remnant** of Spanish Jewry it must indeed have seemed as if the sun had set with the apostasy of Don Vidal.

Answer 150

zrozumieć; pojąć; ogarnąć The coming of Christ changed Jewish identity forever, something the Jews at His time **comprehended** only with difficulty. From then, the terms Israelite and Jew were no longer synonyms, because, Ferdinand Hahn points out in Caron's book, the 'true Israelites' from the Christian perspective are precisely those who, like Nathaniel, recognize in Jesus the Messiah.

Answer 151

wymawiać, wypowiadać, wyrażać, wydawać (np. okrzyk) They are, nevertheless, firmly convinced that, were the authors of those sayings now alive, they would have known how to defend them because, as wise and good men, they could not have **uttered** any unseemly statements. This may be sly irony, but it was hardly convincing apologetics.

Answer 152

docile A government **docile** to the interests of the plutocrats provided the other key ingredient, namely, a tax loophole which enabled these predatory takeovers by allowing the firms that got taken over to deduct their interest payments from their taxes.

Answer 153

rytułał They, said one Hussite referring to Rome, have introduced as necessary for the kingdom of God, Greek rules, Aristotelic justice, Platonic sanctity, and gentile **rites** and honor.

Answer 154

to tether Apple’s and Amazon’s Hollywood ambitions are **tethered** to their powerful technology platforms.

Answer 155

in question The Judaism **in question** takes on an official character. It has its seat in Jerusalem and it is hostile to Jesus.''

Answer 156

osiągnięcie The **attainment** of the worker's rights needs government support; it cannot be left to the vagaries of the free market, the gold standard or any other self-regulating, market-based mechanism, which in reality is nothing more than a Tarnhelm which renders the usurer invisible.

Answer 157

to traverse Benedict XIII had arranged an all-out cultural offensive against the Jews. While Geronimo de Sancte Fide would engage them in debate, St. Vincent Ferrer would **traverse** Aragon preaching his miraculous sermons. Few Jews could resist this combination.

Answer 158

on the cusp of something Humanity’s technological ingenuity is therefore **on the cusp of** outstripping its strategic and moral imagination.

Answer 159

nawiązać do czegoś, wspomnieć o czymś Kosman **adverts to** this lack of natural limit and the safeguards for the economy which it provides when he claims that PE firms pitted banks against each other to drive better terms and quotes one financier as saying, you continually pushed the market to see what the market would and would not accept.

Answer 160

part and parcel This is **part and parcel**, according to this view, of the satanic nature of the Jews.

Answer 161

to bring about To **bring about** the kingdom of God, then, the Holy Nation of the Bohemian warriors had to destroy the monasteries.

Answer 162

tu: w przeważającej mierze Both Martin and Charlie Sheen played characters which were identifiably Catholic in Wall Street, but Gordon Gecko was never identified as a Jew even though all the rapacious leveraged-buyout kings of the 1980s were **overwhelmingly** Jewish.

Answer 163

ravage He singled out Philipp Fritz, a correspondent for Die Welt, a German daily, who had suggested that Rafal Trzaskowski, Mr Duda’s rival, would bring calm to German-Polish relations because he was unlikely to make astronomical demands for reparations for the **ravages** of the war.

Answer 164

unanimity Nicodemus and Joseph of Arimethea were Jewish leaders, but they were also followers of Christ and thus proof there was as little **unanimity** among leaders as among followers.

Answer 165

foremost One of the main reasons they did not seem apparent at the time was Michael Novak. Professor Stephen M. Bainbridge referred to Novak as the **foremost** Christian thinker on the economy, and to The Spirit of Democratic Capitalism as undoubtedly his magnum opus.

Answer 166

to condone The popes did not **condone** forced baptism, but they affirmed that the sacrament of baptism left an indelible mark.

Answer 167

to succumb Those who refused to **succumb** to the persecutions of the fourth beast, made up Rome, and reigned for literally one thousand years-the period between Alaric's sack of Rome in 410, the date conventionally given for the fall of Rome, and the first outbreak of revolution in Europe, when Huss was excommunicated and gave his revolutionary sermon at the Bethlehem Chapel in 1410.

Answer 168

kłamać w żywe oczy The brazenness of Marsalek [and others], who constantly **lied through their teeth**, is just mind blowing.

Answer 169

stew One by one the ingredients that made up the **stew** of revolution took their place in Huss's mind where they simmered through years of public activity as a professor and a preacher.

Answer 170

oznaczać; reprezentować They are, in fact, the opposite: in rejecting Christ they reject Moses and everything Moses **stood for**.

Answer 171

congruity This was the essence of revolution then, and revolutionaries from Bar Kokhba to Trotsky have remained faithful to this creed. Many Jewish commentators have noticed the underlying **congruity** between Talmudic Judaism and revolution.

Answer 172

to advert to something Kosman **adverts to** this lack of natural limit and the safeguards for the economy which it provides when he claims that PE firms pitted banks against each other to drive better terms and quotes one financier as saying, you continually pushed the market to see what the market would and would not accept.

Answer 173

przywłaszczenie, zawłaszczenie By now it should be apparent that self-interest is an inadequate form of economic control. It is not a source of control at all; it is rather the source of the problem. That so many people should have so much difficulty recognizing the problem is in large measure due to Libertarian economic theory, which was based on Adam Smith's **appropriation** of the ultimate self-regulating mechanism, the solar system as expounded by Newtonian physics.

Answer 174

mieć przewagę Sensing that he **had the upper hand** over the pension fund managers, Henry Kravis. started flying them to KKR headquarters in his private jet and tying up their money in long-term contracts that benefited KKR.

Answer 175

żałosny Given **wretched** excess of this magnitude-Ohio Mattress had to meet debt payments equal to 28 times annual earnings-a reaction was inevitable. The press began referring to the leveraged buy-out firms as a new breed of robber baron.

Answer 176

to outstrip Humanity’s technological ingenuity is therefore on the cusp of **outstripping** its strategic and moral imagination.

Answer 177

defiance Vindicated by the king's **defiance**, Huss continued to preach sermons derived from Wycliffe, and the masses who attended Bethlehem Chapel edged closer to revolution.

Answer 178

precinct Roman soldiers poured through the breach into the Temple **precincts** where they slaughtered the Jewish priests.

Answer 179

avid Invariably, each heretical sect would identify the fourth beast with the Church of Rome, and each would **avidly** ascribe to itself the event that would inaugurate the Millennium on earth.

Answer 180

to long for The disputants demonstrated very different notions of what the Messiah was supposed to do. The gentiles **longed for** release from the bondage of sin and for the salvation of their souls; the Jews awaited a Messianic king who will build the earthly Jerusalem.

Answer 181

trzymać kogoś krótko Kravis knew that he **had the pension funds by the short hairs**, largely because of the cheap money which Federal Reserve Board Chairman Alan Greenspan continued to make available at public expense.

Answer 182

męka Rome became the Antichrist, and Huss's followers longed for that blessed hour when the Whore of Revelations will be stripped bare and her flesh consumed by the fire of **tribulation**, as Nicholas of Dresden, one of Huss's followers put it.

Answer 183

attainment The **attainment** of the worker's rights needs government support; it cannot be left to the vagaries of the free market, the gold standard or any other self-regulating, market-based mechanism, which in reality is nothing more than a Tarnhelm which renders the usurer invisible.

Answer 184

tribulation Rome became the Antichrist, and Huss's followers longed for that blessed hour when the Whore of Revelations will be stripped bare and her flesh consumed by the fire of **tribulation**, as Nicholas of Dresden, one of Huss's followers put it.

Answer 185

pawn He has accused Germany of scheming to recover land it lost to Poland after the war and Angela Merkel, the German chancellor, of being a **pawn** of the Stasi, the former East German secret police.

Answer 186

uncanny Novak was followed by people like his protege George Weigel, who after reading Benedict XVI's contribution to Catholic social thought, Caritas in Veritate, claimed the **uncanny** ability to discern which parts of the encyclical were credible (those views compatible with the neoconservative think-tanks and their affluent backers were written in gold) and which were not (which were written in red).

Answer 187

być ściganym; być bardzo zajętym Jan Marsalek, Wirecard’s former second-in command, **is on the run**, and the boss of a key Wirecard business partner in the Philippines has been registered dead.

Answer 188

podobieństwo, zgodność This was the essence of revolution then, and revolutionaries from Bar Kokhba to Trotsky have remained faithful to this creed. Many Jewish commentators have noticed the underlying **congruity** between Talmudic Judaism and revolution.

Answer 189

benefactor We breathe, in other words, the toxic vapors of the revolutionary movement. Huss was appointed preacher at the Bethlehem Chapel in Prague in 1402. Wealthy **benefactors** created the Chapel in the 1390s to promote preaching in the Czech language. The confluence of Wycliffe's heretical ideas and nascent Czech nationalism spawned a powerful political movement, which immediately became the vehicle for messianic politics.

Answer 190

raz na zawsze The pope was determined to solve the Jewish question **once and for all**. Benedict felt the confrontation between Halorki and the rabbis would lead to the extinction ofJudaism in Spain.

Answer 191

sly They are, nevertheless, firmly convinced that, were the authors of those sayings now alive, they would have known how to defend them because, as wise and good men, they could not have uttered any unseemly statements. This may be **sly** irony, but it was hardly convincing apologetics.

Answer 192

unicestwić; zrównać z ziemią Yet some think that, just as the threat of mutual assured destruction saved the U.S. and Soviet Union from **obliterating** each other during the Cold War, a similar deterrence will again keep the world safe.

Answer 193

spór; niezgoda Brumlik claims there is no evidence of intra-Jewish **dissension** outside of the gospel accounts, but there is plenty within them.

Answer 194

to lay down The following day, the pope **laid down** the ground rules. The disputation was not a debate between equals; it was rather a form of instruction, according to which the Jews were allowed to defend themselves against charges Geronimo de Sancte Fide would raise.

Answer 195

osłabiać; wyniszczać All that was needed was a steady income stream to make the interest payments and a cheap supply of other people's money, something which the Fed provided under the long, **debilitating** reign of Alan Greenspan.

Answer 196

to expound By now it should be apparent that self-interest is an inadequate form of economic control. It is not a source of control at all; it is rather the source of the problem. That so many people should have so much difficulty recognizing the problem is in large measure due to Libertarian economic theory, which was based on Adam Smith's appropriation of the ultimate self-regulating mechanism, the solar system as **expounded** by Newtonian physics.

Answer 197

to simmer One by one the ingredients that made up the stew of revolution took their place in Huss's mind where they **simmered** through years of public activity as a professor and a preacher.

Answer 198

niepokoić Perhaps Pompey found the empty shrine unsettling; perhaps he was **disconcerted** by a presence he felt even though no object represented it.

Answer 199

vapor We breathe, in other words, the toxic **vapors** of the revolutionary movement. Huss was appointed preacher at the Bethlehem Chapel in Prague in 1402. Wealthy benefactors created the Chapel in the 1390s to promote preaching in the Czech language. The confluence of Wycliffe's heretical ideas and nascent Czech nationalism spawned a powerful political movement, which immediately became the vehicle for messianic politics.

Answer 200

pokonać The suffering inflicted by Covid-19 fits a wider 21st-century pattern: the unexpected return of old pathologies previously thought **vanquished** by the march of progress, now suddenly back in virulently modern forms.

Answer 201

niesamowity; dziwny Novak was followed by people like his protege George Weigel, who after reading Benedict XVI's contribution to Catholic social thought, Caritas in Veritate, claimed the **uncanny** ability to discern which parts of the encyclical were credible (those views compatible with the neoconservative think-tanks and their affluent backers were written in gold) and which were not (which were written in red).

Answer 202

inherent But today’s great-power clashes are unfolding in places—from the South China Sea and Ukraine to cyberspace— where borders are blurry and the potential for miscalculation is **inherent**.

Answer 203

skrupulatny The archive was well over 100,000 pages, containing **meticulous** details of the detainees who had passed to death through his prison, Tuol Sleng, or S-21, over the previous four years.

Answer 204

readily They were compelled to recognize a regularity which they compared to that which they were already familiar with in the field of natural sciences. The analogies to the natural sciences were **readily** drawn.

Answer 205

coercion Baer's account of Levi's conversion emphasizes the **coercion** of the mob but minimizes Jewish losses in the intellectual battle with the Catholics ever since Donin arranged the disputation over the Talmud in Paris in the mid 13th Century.

Answer 206

dymisjonować (ze stanowiska), usuwać (z urzędu) In 64 BC Pompey **deposed** Phillip II, the last Seleucid, and made Syria a Roman province.

Answer 207

inadvertently Brumlik **inadvertently** makes the same point as St. John. To hold onto their identity, the Jews had to reject Christ. The Jews (as opposed to the entire ethnic group, some of which accepted Christ as the Messiah) created a new identity for themselves, one that is essentially negative.

Answer 208

ogólne zasady The following day, the pope laid down the **ground rules**. The disputation was not a debate between equals; it was rather a form of instruction, according to which the Jews were allowed to defend themselves against charges Geronimo de Sancte Fide would raise.

Answer 209

tinge Whenever a party in Christendom opposes itself to the ruling church, it assumes a **tinge** of the Old Testament, not to say Jewish spirit.

Answer 210

ustanawiać coś The following day, the pope **laid down** the ground rules. The disputation was not a debate between equals; it was rather a form of instruction, according to which the Jews were allowed to defend themselves against charges Geronimo de Sancte Fide would raise.

Answer 211

cwany They are, nevertheless, firmly convinced that, were the authors of those sayings now alive, they would have known how to defend them because, as wise and good men, they could not have uttered any unseemly statements. This may be **sly** irony, but it was hardly convincing apologetics.

Answer 212

niezmywalny The popes did not condone forced baptism, but they affirmed that the sacrament of baptism left an **indelible** mark.

Answer 213

przewyższyć, prześcignąć Humanity’s technological ingenuity is therefore on the cusp of **outstripping** its strategic and moral imagination.

Answer 214

zastępca dowódcy, drugi po szefie Jan Marsalek, Wirecard’s former **second-in-command** , is on the run, and the boss of a key Wirecard business partner in the Philippines has been registered dead.

Answer 215

niewola The disputants demonstrated very different notions of what the Messiah was supposed to do. The gentiles longed for release from the **bondage** of sin and for the salvation of their souls; the Jews awaited a Messianic king who will build the earthly Jerusalem.

Answer 216

, still, So, although Jews cannot be forced to accept baptism, **still**, if they have in fact received it owing to force, they cannot now evade the penalties of heretics a will that is forced remains a will provided, however, that the force was not absolute.

Answer 217

to conflate Unlike the New Israel, warned by Jesus that those who lived by the sword would die by it, the Bohemian zealots who **conflated** regnum and ecclesia could spread the gospel with the sword because Bohemia was their ecclesia, and their religion, derived from the messianic politics which revolutionaries from the time of Simon bar Kokhba had gleaned from the Old Testament.

Answer 218

tu: czyli Levi, **or** Paul of Burgos, followed in the footsteps of his Dominican mentors. He studied at the University of Paris, then returned to Castile, where he rose rapidly in the hierarchy, eventually becoming Bishop of Burgos.

Answer 219

szorstki, chropowaty Jews and Moors were required to wear badges distinguishing them from Christians. They could only dress in **coarse** cloth and were not allowed to shave or cut their hair so as to appear Christian.

Answer 220

to rivet Resentment against the Jews had led to widespread rioting in 1391, and that in turn **riveted** the attention of the Church on the Jews.

Answer 221

malady Yet in geopolitics, as in biology, it turns out that mankind remains susceptible to new strains of old **maladies**. If pandemic disease and geopolitical rivalry have been two of humanity’s recurring afflictions over the centuries, great-power war completes the trifecta.

Answer 222

mutiny The idea of the realm as salvific community also explains how the pietistic religious movements of the 14th Century, passing though the medium of Huss's leadership in the early 15th emerged as the **mutiny** of 1414-5 and the revolution of the following decade.

Answer 223

insofar The Gospel of St. John, according to Brumlik, portrays Jews, in fact all Jews, **insofar** as they are Jews-which is to say, insofar as they hold fast to their position as children of Abraham-as essentially damned enemies of Jesus.'

Answer 224

wydarzyć się, stać się (zwłaszcza niespodziewanie) The leveraged buy-out was a predatory economic practice that **came about** during the era of cheap equity, abundant credit, and the government withdrawal from oversight over the economy that began in earnest during the Reagan era.

Answer 225

orchard The Benedictines brought grapes, transforming the wilderness into a garden, a vineyard, and an **orchard**-all still standing today, bearing fruit over a hundred-fold over the thousand year reign of Benedict in Europe.

Answer 226

haczyk There was one **catch**. To even start preparing such a deal in earnest, the company needed to get a clean bill of health from KPMG, which was conducting a special audit of Wirecard’s books.