Deck 5 Flashcards
bone deformities in babies with congenital syph
metaphyseal erosions, lucencies and periosteitis
when do children get the MMR vaccine
first dose 1 yr, second dose 4yrs
signs of rubella
fever and cephalocaudal maculopapular rash
tethered cord reflexes
hyporeflexia
atlantoaxial instability signs
hyperreflexia, urinary accidents, etc.
patients that can have atlantoaxial instability
down syndrome
when do the electrolyte changes of congenital adrenal hyperplasia show
1-2 weeks later
presentations of placental aromatase deficiency
both maternal and infant virulization
what are testosterone levels like in infants with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
elevated! bc the 17-hydroxy gets converted to testosterone
signs of transfusion overload
respiratory distress, increased HR, increased BP, pulmonary edema
treatment of transfusion overload
furosemide
what is first line management of eneuresis
urinalysis
which type of leukemia can have a mediastinal mass
T-ALL
what is constitutional small growth
this is when babies are just small bc their parents were also small
describe the growth patterns seen in fetal growth restriction
can be symmetric or asymmetric where the head and length are normal but the weight is <3rd percentile
what causes fetal growth restriction
placental insufficiency
timing of insult that causes asymmetric vs. symmetric FGR
asymmetric is typically later in like 2nd or third trimester, symmetric is earlier in first semester
signs of tularemia
cough, fever, malaise, ulcers, tender lymphadenopathy
causes of unilateral cervical lymphadenitis
anaerobic bacteria from dental caries, bartonella, tularemia, staph and strep
in bartonella what are the features
cervical lymphadenitis and a scratch elsewhere
antibiotic therapy for cervical lymphadenitis
clinda!
what is considered hepatomegaly in a neonate
> 3cm below costal margin
risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia
ABO incompatiblitly, cephalohematoma, coombs neg hemolysis, polycythemia
what are pulses like in aortic coarc
they are normal or elevated in arms and low in femoral/foot pulses
what is giong on if an infant has lower oxygen sat in their foot compared to hand
they have a R to L shunt somewhere
pathophys behind persisitent pulmonary hypertension in the neonate
persistence of fetal circulation I.e. increased pulmonary vascular resistance
where do you hear HOCM
in the tricuspid area
what causes the murmur in hocm
its the motion of the mitral leaflet hitting the enlarged LV septum
treatment of bronchiolitis
supportive care only
characteristics of the throat in infectious mono
exudative (+/-) pharyngitis
what happens if you give someone with mono amoxicillin
they develop a rash
management of children with vesicouretal reflux
prophylactic antibiotics
how do you get aplastic anemia
after infections like hepatitis, EBV, HIV etc. or it can be idiopathic
PEP for gonorrhea exposure
ceftriaxone (for the gonn) and doxy for chlamydia coinfection
what is the anemia like in spherocytosis
it is normocytic normochromic
what is the anemia like in sickle cell
normocytic normochromic
signs of bone breakage
swelling, pain, no erythema, crepitus
CBC findings of a child with pertussis
lyphocytic pleocytosis
signs of hypoglycemia in the neonate
jitteriness, macrosmnia
signs of charcot marie tooth
distal muscle weakness and atrophy, hyporeflexia, sensory deficits, hammar toes, scoliosis, etc.
what is happening if a child has mulitple infections AND cervical lymphadenopathy
HIV!
ECG signs of supraventricular tachy
narrowed QRS complex
why does meconium cause pulmonary issues in newborns
it causes persistent pulm hypertension aka the pulmonary vessels dont dilate and then not enough blood is giong to them to get oxygen
treatment of x linked agamma
monthly IVIG infusions
xray of transient tachypnea of the newborn
fluid levels in fissures, prominent pulmonary vascular markings and a flat diaphragm
signs of foreign body aspiration
acute onset of difficulty breathing, asymmetric lung inflation, no change with albuterol
first step in managing a child with poor weight gain
diet diary with calorie counts and then fecal examination
complications of obstructive sleep apnea
pulmonary HTN in a child
managment of obstructive sleep apnea
get a polysomnogram, then do a tonsil/adenoidemtomy
signs of pulmonary hypertension in a child
RVH due to having to compress so hard against a tense system
if a mothers HBV status is unknown what is the management
you give the vax but wait to give IVIG until serology comes back
management of septic shock
1) blood cultures 2) empiric antibiotics 3)normal saline 4) if BP does not improve, epinephrine
if all the guts are on one side in a barium xray, waht does that indicate
malrotaion
what is starvation ketosis
this is where the child is severely dehyrated likely secondary to GI illness and they develop a ketosis due to lack of caloric intake
initial eval of children with language development issue
audiometry
causes of non anion gap metabolic acidosis
diarrhea, RTA type 1
what does torsion of the appendicular testis present as
blue dot/contusion in the scrotal sack, unilateral scrotal pain, close to regular testicular torsion
if a patient has anti thyroglobulin antibodies what is the dx
hashimotos!
can hashimotos have normal TSH and T4 levels
definitely, even in the early stage
