Deck 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Define:
odium
(oh-dee-um)
A
n. repugnance, hatred
n. strong dislike
The popular odium of attorneys is often unmerited.
2
Q
Define:
officious
(uh-fish-us)
A
adj. prone to giving unwanted advice
I make a habit of giving honest opinions, but I try to avoid being officious with my friends.
3
Q
Define:
opaque
(owe-peyk)
A
adj. blocking all light
adj. hard to understand
The windows became so dirty they were almost opaque.
4
Q
Define:
opportune
(opp-er-tune)
A
adj. happening under fitting circumstances, or at an appropriate or favorable time
The students waited for an opportune moment to surprise their teacher with the bouquet of flowers they had prepared.
5
Q
Define:
superfluous
(suh-per-flu-us)
A
adj. more than necessary; unnecessary
The student’s essay was full of superfluous phrases that needed to be deleted.
6
Q
Define:
supersede
(sue-per-seed)
A
v. to substitute; to take precedence over
It had been my understanding that the new tax code supersedes the old one, but actually both are in vigor simultaneously.
7
Q
Define:
supplant
(suh-plant)
A
v. to replace
The higher-ups tried to supplant rebellious teachers with conformists.
8
Q
Define:
supplicate
(sup-lih-kate)
A
v. to humbly ask
The churchgoers then bowed their heads and supplicated God to answer their prayers.
9
Q
Define:
surmount
(ser-mount)
A
v. to overcome
v. to rise above
Through sheer determination, he was able to surmount his disadvantages and win the contest outright.
10
Q
Define:
surreptitious
(ser-up-tish-us)
A
adj. secretive
Since they were not allowed to speak, the couple exchanged surreptitious glances from across the room.
11
Q
Define:
symbiotic
(sim-bee-ott-ik)
A
adj. related to a relationship that is beneficial for all involved
The whale and the small fish that cling to its body have a symbiotic relationship.
12
Q
Define:
synapse
(sin-apse)
A
n. the small gap between the cells of nerves
Neurotransmitters travel across the synapse between brain cells.
13
Q
Define:
synchronous
(sing-kruh-nuss)
A
adj. operating at the same time or at the same rate
The film was notable for its synchronous premiere in 11 capital cities around the globe.
14
Q
Define:
tacit
(tass-it)
A
adj. implied or unspoken
There was a tacit agreement between the two companies that neither would expand into the other’s city.
15
Q
Define:
taciturn
(tass-ih-turn)
A
adj. tending to be silent; quiet
Some of the students were quite taciturn and had to be asked to participate more.
16
Q
Define:
exacerbate
(ig-zass-er-bate)
A
v. to make worse
The children’s screaming exacerbated their father’s headache.
17
Q
Define:
exact
(ig-zact)
A
v. to forcibly obtain
The detectives finally exacted the truth from the witness.
18
Q
Define:
exculpate
(ek-skull-pate)
A
v. to free from blame
The political prisoner was fully exculpated only when the dictatorship was overthrown and an independent truth commission established.
19
Q
Define:
exhort
(ig-zort)
A
v. to urge by strong appeal
Taking the loudspeaker in her hand, the policewoman exhorted the kidnapper to release his hostage.
20
Q
Define:
exigent
(ek-suh-djunt)
A
adj. requiring immediate attention; pressing, demanding
The show’s run was cut short by an exigent lack of funds.
21
Q
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
n. blame
n. strong dislike
A
odium
(oh-dee-um)
synonyms: shame, dishonor; disgust, detestation
22
Q
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. prone to giving unwanted advice
A
officious
(uh-fish-us)
synonyms: forward, meddlesome
23
Q
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. blocking all light
adj. hard to understand
A
opaque
(owe-peyk)
synonyms: blurred, darkened, lusterless; baffling, cryptic
24
Q
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. happening under fitting circumstances
A
opportune
(opp-er-tune)
synonyms: advantageous, favorable
25
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. more than necessary; unnecessary
**superfluous**
| (suh-**per**-flu-us)
## Footnote
synonyms: extra, excessive, overdone
26
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to substitute; to take precedence over
**supersede**
| (sue-per-**seed**)
## Footnote
synonyms: usurp, succeed
27
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to replace
**supplant**
| (suh-**plant**)
## Footnote
synonyms: substitute, usurp
28
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to humbly ask
**supplicate**
| (**sup**-lih-kate)
## Footnote
synonyms: ask, pray for, desire
29
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to overcome
v. to rise above
**surmount**
| (ser-**mount**)
## Footnote
synonyms: vanquish, transcend
30
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. secretive
**surreptitious**
| (ser-up-**tish**-us)
## Footnote
synonyms: sneaky, secret, covert
31
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. related to a relationship that is beneficial for all involved
**symbiotic**
| (sim-bee-**ott**-ik)
## Footnote
synonyms: coactive, harmonious, joining
32
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
n. the small gap between the cells of nerves
**synapse**
| (**sin**-apse)
## Footnote
synonyms: break, gap, divide
33
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. operating at the same time or at the same rate
**synchronous**
| (**sing**-kruh-nuss)
## Footnote
synonyms: concurrent, simultaneous
34
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. implied or unspoken
**tacit**
| (**tass**-it)
## Footnote
synonyms: suggested, unsaid, understood
35
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. tending to be silent; quiet
**taciturn**
| (**tass**-ih-turn)
## Footnote
synonyms: aloof, silent, mum
36
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to make worse
**exacerbate**
| (ig-**zass**-er-bate)
## Footnote
synonyms: intensify, worsen
37
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to forcibly obtain
**exact**
| (ig-**zact**)
## Footnote
synonyms: claim, take
38
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to free from blame
**exculpate**
| (**ek**-skull-pate)
## Footnote
synonyms: forgive, excuse
39
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to urge by strong appeal
**exhort**
| (ig-**zort**)
## Footnote
synonyms: warn, beseech
40
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. requiring immediate attention; pressing, demanding
**exigent**
| (**ek**-suh-djunt)
## Footnote
synonyms: urgent, pressing
41
# Define:
**exonerate**
| (ig-**zawn**-ih-rate)
v. to clear of blame or guilt
Though the defendant had clearly done something wrong, the court had no choice but to _exonerate_ her on the present charges.
42
# Define:
**expedient**
| (ek-**spee**-dee-unt)
adj. beneficial for one's goal
n. a hastily prepared solution to a sudden problem
## Footnote
The politician tended to bring up his humble origins when it was politically _expedient_.
43
# Define:
**expedite**
| (**ek**-spuh-dahyt)
v. to speed up
For an extra fee, the post office can _expedite_ your package's delivery.
44
# Define:
**expiate**
| (**ek**-spee-ate)
v. to atone for
After destroying his friend's car, Jim hoped the fruit basket he sent would _expiate_ his guilt.
45
# Define:
**extemporaneous**
| (ik-stem-puh-**ray**-nee-us)
adj. made up on the spot, ad-libbed
To be a news anchor, she would have to improve her _extemporaneous_ speaking skills.
46
# Define:
**extol**
| (ik-**stole**)
v. to praise
Melinda was often heard **_extol_**ling her daughter's many talents.
47
# Define:
**extrapolate**
| (ek-**strap**-ih-late)
v. to make a guess based on facts
Pete figured it was possible to _extrapolate_ her personality from her Facebook profile.
48
# Define:
**extricate**
| (**ek**-strih-kate)
v. to disentangle, to break free from
It was heartbreaking to watch the butterfly struggle in vain to _extricate_ itself from the spider web.
49
# Define:
**churl**
| (**churl**)
n. a rude person
n. a cheap person
## Footnote
I had been waiting in line for hours when some _churl_ tried to cut in front of me.
50
# Define:
**circuitous**
| (sir-**cue**-ih-tuss)
adj. roundabout
Because of the traffic accident, we had to take a _circuitous_ route to the bank.
51
# Define:
**circumscribe**
| (**sir**-come-skrahyb)
v. to draw or contain in a circle
v. to limit or restrain
I believe our government's actions are **_circumscribe_**d by financial interests as well as moral imperatives.
52
# Define:
**circumspect**
| (**sir**-come-spekt)
adj. prudent; cautious
Though her mother's boyfriend attempted to win affection with toys and treats, Elise remained _circumspect_ around him.
53
# Define:
**circumvent**
| (sir-kum-**vent**)
v. to get around an obstacle
She managed to _circumvent_ security and approached her favorite actor backstage.
54
# Define:
**cleave**
| (**kleev**)
v. to cut off with force
v. to be loyal to
v. to develop an emotional bond with
She vowed that even when tempted she would _cleave_ to her principles.
55
# Define:
**cloister**
| (**cloy**-stur)
v. to isolate
n. a place for religious isolation
## Footnote
The boy's parents tended to _cloister_ him from the harsher realities of the world.
56
# Define:
**coagulate**
| (koh-**ag**-yuh-late)
v. to clot or solidify
The poorly-made syrup began to _coagulate_ on the pancakes after a few minutes.
57
# Define:
**coalesce**
| (koh-ih-**less**)
v. to come together to form a single unit
Our county's many poverty initiatives are too different to _coalesce_ into an effective whole.
58
# Define:
**cogent**
| (**koh**-djunt)
adj. clear and convincing
adj. relevant
We won the debate because the other team was unable to mount _cogent_ counterargument.
59
# Define:
**cohere**
| (koh-**heer**)
v. to be logically connected to
v. to stick to each other
These short stories are quite charming when taken separately, but they will not _cohere_ if published together as a collection.
60
# Define:
**intransigent**
| (in-**tran**-suh-junt)
adj. unwilling to compromise
## Footnote
The government remained _intransigent_ despite the people's protest.
61
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to clear of blame or guilt
**exonerate**
| (ig-**zawn**-ih-rate)
## Footnote
synonyms: absolve, acquit, vindicate
62
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. beneficial for one's goal
n. a hastily prepared solution to a sudden problem
**expedient**
| (ek-**spee**-dee-unt)
## Footnote
synonyms: worthwhile, advantageous; means
63
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to speed up
**expedite**
| (**ek**-spuh-dahyt)
## Footnote
synonyms: accelerate, hasten
64
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to atone for wrongdoing
**expiate**
| (**ek**-spee-ate)
## Footnote
synonyms: amend, atone
65
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. made up on the spot, ad-libbed
**extemporaneous**
| (ik-stem-puh-**ray**-nee-us)
## Footnote
synonyms: improvised, impromptu
66
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to praise
**extol**
| (ik-**stole**)
## Footnote
synonyms: praise, celebrate, laud
67
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to make a guess based on facts; to conjecture
**extrapolate**
| (ek-**strap**-ih-late)
## Footnote
synonyms: assume, hypothesize
68
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to disentangle, to break free from
**extricate**
| (**ek**-strih-kate)
## Footnote
synonyms: clear, disburden, extract
69
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
n. a rude person
n. a cheap person
**churl**
| (**churl**)
## Footnote
synonyms: lout, oaf; miser, peasant
70
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. roundabout
**circuitous**
| (sir-**cue**-ih-tuss)
## Footnote
synonyms: indirect, labyrinthine
71
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to draw or contain in a circle
v. to limit or restrain
**circumscribe**
| (**sir**-come-skrahyb)
## Footnote
synonyms: mark off, bound, confine
72
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. prudent; cautious
**circumspect**
| (**sir**-come-spekt)
## Footnote
synonyms: discreet, guarded
73
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to get around an obstacle
**circumvent**
| (sir-kum-**vent**)
## Footnote
synonyms: avoid, bypass
74
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to cut off with force
v. to be loyal to
v. to develop an emotional bond with
**cleave**
| (**kleev**)
## Footnote
synonyms: divide, split; devote, join; bond, affix
75
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to isolate
n. a place for religious isolation
**cloister**
| (**cloy**-stur)
## Footnote
synonyms: secluded; convent
76
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to clot or solidify (for liquids)
**coagulate**
| (koh-**ag**-yuh-late)
## Footnote
synonyms: condense, concrete, thicken
77
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to come together to form a single unit
**coalesce**
| (koh-ih-**less**)
## Footnote
synonyms: adhere, cling
78
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. clear and convincing
adj. relevant
**cogent**
| (**koh**-djunt)
## Footnote
synonyms: apt, compelling, valid
79
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to be logically connected to
v. to stick to each other
**cohere**
| (koh-**heer**)
## Footnote
synonyms: adhere, conform
80
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. unwilling to compromise
**intransigent**
| (in-**tran**-suh-junt)
## Footnote
synonyms: stubborn, unwilling, bullheaded
81
# Define:
**intrepid**
| (in-**trep**-id)
adj. courageous
The _intrepid_ naturalist routinely braved storms and mudslides to document new species.
82
# Define:
**intrinsic**
| (in-**trin**-zik)
adj. related to an object's essence
Unfortunately, some degree of inefficiency is _intrinsic_ to all democracies.
83
# Define:
**inure**
| (in-**your**)
v. to become accustomed to something negative or unpleasant
Nearby residents soon became **_inure_**d to the noise from the construction project.
84
# Define:
**invective**
| (in-**vek**-tiv)
adj. verbally abusive
n. abusive or stern language
What this debate needs is a little less _invective_ and a little more substance
85
# Define:
**irrevocable**
| (ih-**rev**-ih-kuh-bull)
adj. unable to be revoked; permanent
The laws the king decreed were _irrevocable_ even after he left the throne.
86
# Define:
**jocular**
| (**jock-**yuh-lur)
adj. related to jokes
## Footnote
The boy was popular with his classmates due to his cheerful, _jocular_ nature.
87
# Define:
**kernel**
| (**kur**-null)
n. the central part of a situation or seed
## Footnote
The _kernel_ of the matter was that she didn't even know where to begin looking for a new house.
88
# Define:
**lackluster**
| (**lack**-luss-tur)
adj. not lively; not bright
Tired from a long day, Susan gave a very _lackluster_ performance during the dress rehearsal.
89
# Define:
**refractory**
| (rih-**frack**-tuh-ree)
adj. stubborn; difficult to treat or handle
The doctors did not know how to deal with such a _refractory_ infection.
90
# Define:
**regiment**
| (**redj**-ih-munt)
n. a military unit of troops
v. to enforce a strict order or conformity
Four army **_regiment_**s occupied the city last week.
91
# Define:
**remonstrate**
| (rih-**mon-**strehyt)
v. to protest
Many special-interest groups _remonstrated_ against the new legislation.
92
# Define:
**remunerate**
| (rih-**mew**-nuh-rehyt)
v. to compensate monetarily for trouble or work done
Although they finally had to throw the computer out, Linda **_remunerate_**d her friend for trying to fix it anyway.
93
# Define:
**render**
| (**ren**-der)
v. to take forcibly, result in, or cause to become
v. to do something for someone else
## Footnote
His harsh words **_render_**ed her speechless.
94
# Define:
**repose**
| (rih-**poze**)
n. peacefulness, rest
v. to be lying or stationary
In the summer, she would often lie under the willow trees in complete _repose_.
95
# Define:
**repudiate**
| (rih-**pew**-dee-ehyt)
v. to renounce ownership or disown
v. to refuse to recognize
v. to reject as true
The scientists who discovered the fossil were shocked when it was **_repudiate_**d as a fake.
96
# Define:
**reticent**
| (**rett**-ih-sunt)
adj. not wanting to talk; reluctant
When asked about the stolen vase, the maid was _reticent_ even though she had seen the thief take it.
97
# Define:
**retiring**
| (rih-**tie**-ring)
adj. shy; quiet
During high school, Mary became so _retiring_ that people sometimes didn't notice when they shared a class with her.
98
# Define:
**revere**
| (rih-**veer**)
v. to admire greatly; to honor
The mayor was so **_revere_**d by the village that every single man, woman, and child attended his funeral.
99
# Define:
**platitude**
| (**plat**-ih-tewd)
n. a cliché, dull, or unenlightening saying
My father's favorite _platitude_ was, "Winners never quit, quitters never win".
100
# Define:
**pliant**
| (**ply**-unt)
adj. easy to change or bend
adj. easy to convince
## Footnote
The professor needed a particularly _pliant_ mind for his brainwashing experiments.
101
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. courageous
**intrepid**
| (in-**trep**-id)
## Footnote
synonyms: brave, heroic
102
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. related to an object's essence
**intrinsic**
| (in-**trin**-zik)
## Footnote
synonyms: basic, inborn, fundamental
103
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to become accustomed to something negative or unpleasant
**inure**
| (in-**your**)
## Footnote
synonyms: desensitize, familiarize, habituate
104
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. verbally abusive
n. abusive or stern language
**invective**
| (in-**vek**-tiv)
## Footnote
synonyms: berating, abuse, denunciation
105
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. unable to be revoked; permanent
**irrevocable**
| (ih-**rev**-ih-kuh-bull)
## Footnote
synonyms: unchangeable, unalterable
106
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. related to jokes
**jocular**
| (**jock-**yuh-lur)
## Footnote
synonyms: amusing, campy, jokey
107
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
n. the central part of a situation or seed
**kernel**
| (**kur**-null)
## Footnote
synonyms: core, crux
108
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. not lively; not bright
**lackluster**
| (**lack**-luss-tur)
## Footnote
synonyms: dull, colorless, muted
109
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. stubborn; difficult to treat or handle
**refractory**
| (rih-**frack**-tuh-ree)
## Footnote
synonyms: resistant, immune, unresponsive
110
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
n. a military unit of troops
v. to enforce a strict order or conformity
**regiment**
| (**redj**-ih-munt)
## Footnote
synonyms: military unit, command, designate
111
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to protest
**remonstrate**
| (rih-**mon-**strehyt)
## Footnote
synonyms: argue, challenge
112
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to compensate monetarily for trouble or work done
**remunerate**
| (rih-**mew**-nuh-rehyt)
## Footnote
synonyms: compensate, reimburse
113
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to take forcibly, result in, or cause to become
v. to do something for someone else
**render**
| (**ren**-der)
## Footnote
synonyms: cause, become, execute; carry out, accomplish
114
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
n. peacefulness
n. rest
**repose**
| (rih-**poze**)
## Footnote
synonyms: rest, lack of work
115
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to renounce ownership or disown
v. to refuse to recognize
v. to reject as true
**repudiate**
| (rih-**pew**-dee-ehyt)
## Footnote
synonyms: reject, decline, disown
116
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. not wanting to talk; reluctant
**reticent**
| (**rett**-ih-sunt)
## Footnote
synonyms: not talkative, reserved
117
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. shy; quiet
**retiring**
| (rih-**tie**-ring)
## Footnote
synonyms: bashful, unassuming
118
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to admire greatly; to honor
**revere**
| (rih-**veer**)
## Footnote
synonyms: adore, esteem, value
119
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
n. a cliché, dull, or unenlightening saying
**platitude**
| (**plat**-ih-tewd)
## Footnote
synonyms: banality, cliché
120
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. easy to change or bend
adj. easy to convince
**pliant**
| (**ply**-unt)
## Footnote
synonyms: amenable, compliant, pliable
121
# Define:
**poignant**
| (**poin**-yunt)
adj. so emotionally intense as to be painful
Watching her daughter wake up was particularly _poignant_ for her mother who had worried by her bedside the whole night.
122
# Define:
**polar**
| (**poe**-lur)
adj. related to opposite extremes or sides
## Footnote
The two were so different their personalities could be considered _polar_ opposites.
123
# Define:
**polemic**
| (puh-**lem**-ik)
adj. controversial
n. a controversial argument
As soon as the graduate student obtained her doctorate, she published a _polemic_ refutation of her mentor's work.
124
# Define:
**ponderous**
| (**pon**-dur-us)
adj. difficult to handle due to heaviness
adj. requiring a lot of work
The _ponderous_ task was completed in no time, thanks to the large number of volunteers we had.
125
# Define:
**portend**
| (pore-**tend**)
v. to foretell
## Footnote
The witch claimed that the stormy weather **_portend_**ed the ruler's downfall.
126
# Define:
**posit**
| (**poz-**it)
v. to assume as fact
Some physicists _posit_ that the universe will expand forever.
127
# Define:
**postulate**
| (**poss**-chuh-lehyt)
v. to assume a basic truth
Economic theory **_postulate_**s limits on essential resources as the basis of human behavior.
128
# Define:
**bolster**
| (**bole**-stur)
v. to support
The candidate's campaign was **_bolster_**ed by endorsements by several former military leaders.
129
# Define:
**bombastic**
| (bom-**bass**-tick)
adj. inflated, arrogant
The _bombastic_ way in which the author described his new novel repulsed me.
130
# Define:
**brood**
| (**brewd**)
n. a group of offspring
v. to worry over
The hen protected her new _brood_ from the farmer's inspection.
131
# Define:
**burgeon**
| (**burr**-djun)
v. to grow
The **_burgeon_**ing mass of bees was heading straight for the picnic.
132
# Define:
**exacting**
| (ig-**zak**-ting)
adj. making severe demands or requirements
adj. requiring great care
## Footnote
The _exacting_ professor wanted a 15-page paper due the next day in class.
133
# Define:
**rebuke**
| (rih-**byook**)
v. to reprimand, to scold sharply
The child was **_rebuke_**d for stealing candy.
134
# Define:
**dulcet**
| (**duhl**-sit)
adj. pleasant sounding or looking
The _dulcet_ tone of the musical parody contrasted sharply with its offensive lyrics.
135
# Define:
**toady**
| (**toh**-dee)
n. a flatterer, a yes man
The president was surrounded by **_toadi_**es rather than people with honest criticisms.
136
# Define:
**gall**
| (**gawl**)
n. audacity, impudence
He had the _gall_ to request a raise after it was discovered that he was calling in sick in order to play golf.
137
# Define:
**cloying**
| (**kloi**-ing)
adj. unpleasant due to excess; sickeningly sweet or sentimental
Unfortunately, _cloying_ romantic comedies are sure box-office hits, and so Hollywood continues to churn them out.
138
# Define:
**sully**
| (**suhl**-ee)
v. to stain or tarnish the purity of
Joe's reputation as an ethical CEO was **_sulli_**ed by his selfish actions during his company's merger.
139
# Define:
**defile**
| (dih-**fahyl**)
v. to dirty, spoil, or dishonor
v. to violate the chastity of
The holy site was unwittingly **_defile_**d when the invaders, for whom it held no special meaning, used it as a stable.
140
# Define:
**pithy**
| (**pith**-ee)
adj. concise and relevant
Satya's _pithy_ keynote speech was more enlightening than the endless lectures that had preceded it.
141
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. so emotionally intense as to be painful
**poignant**
| (**poin**-yunt)
## Footnote
synonyms: agonizing, bitter; sharp, keen
142
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. related to opposite extremes or sides
**polar**
| (**poe**-lur)
## Footnote
synonyms: opposite, contrary, counter
143
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. controversial
n. a controversial argument
**polemic**
| (puh-**lem**-ik)
## Footnote
synonyms: refutation, dispute
144
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. difficult to handle due to heaviness; or
adj. requiring a lot of work
**ponderous**
| (**pon**-dur-us)
## Footnote
synonyms: burdensome, unwieldy
145
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to foretell
**portend**
| (pore-**tend**)
## Footnote
synonyms: foreshadow, harbinger
146
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to assume as fact
**posit**
| (**poz-**it)
## Footnote
synonyms: propose an explanation based upon assumptions, postulate
147
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to assume a basic truth
**postulate**
| (**poss**-chuh-lehyt)
## Footnote
synonyms: assert, premise, suppose
148
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to support
**bolster**
| (**bole**-stur)
## Footnote
synonyms: assist, aid, help
149
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. inflated, arrogant
**bombastic**
| (bom-**bass**-tick)
## Footnote
synonyms: grandiose, egotistical
150
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
n. a group of offspring
v. to worry over
**brood**
| (**brewd**)
## Footnote
synonyms: cluster, breed; grieve, dwell upon
151
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to grow
**burgeon**
| (**burr**-djun)
## Footnote
synonyms: blossom, grow, expand
152
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. making severe demands or requirements
adj. requiring great care
**exacting**
| (ig-**zak**-ting)
## Footnote
synonyms: claim, command; difficult, formidable
153
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to reprimand, to scold sharply
**rebuke**
| (rih-**byook**)
## Footnote
synonyms: berate, blame, condemn
154
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. pleasant sounding or looking
**dulcet**
| (**duhl**-sit)
## Footnote
synonyms: melodious, pleasurable
155
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
n. a flatterer, a yes man
**toady**
| (**toh**-dee)
## Footnote
synonyms: doter, brownnoser
156
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
n. audacity, impudence
**gall**
| (**gawl**)
## Footnote
synonyms: nerve, brashness
157
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. unpleasant due to excess; sickeningly sweet or sentimental
**cloying**
| (**kloi**-ing)
## Footnote
synonyms: cheesy, overly sentimental, sappy
158
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to stain or tarnish the purity of
**sully**
| (**suhl**-ee)
## Footnote
synonyms: stain, blot, smear
159
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to dirty, spoil, dishonor
v. to violate the chastity of
**defile**
| (dih-**fahyl**)
## Footnote
synonyms: befoul, besmirch
160
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. concise and relevant
**pithy**
| (**pith**-ee)
## Footnote
synonyms: concise, cogent, precise
161
# Define:
**slovenly**
| (**sluhv**-uhn-lee)
adj. untidy, disheveled; unclean in appearance or habits
The other dinner guests held the _slovenly_ drunkard in contempt.
162
# Define:
**onerous**
| (**oh**-ner-uhs)
adj. causing hardship; burdensome, troublesome
The students relished making the teacher's job as _onerous_ as possible.
163
# Define:
**scourge**
| (**skurdj**)
n. a plague or cause of affliction
The _scourge_ of drugs in American society will be its downfall.
164
# Define:
**candor**
| (**kan**-der)
n. the quality of being frank, sincere, or impartial in expression
Giorgio was known for his _candor_, so it surprised no one when he began to talk at length about his love life.
165
# Define:
**boor**
| (**boor**)
n. a crude, unmannered, or rude person
The _boor_ upset everyone at the fancy restaurant.
166
# Define:
**moribund**
| (**mawr**-uh-buhnd)
adj. dying, decaying, on the brink of extinction
The _moribund_ customs of the indigenous culture are only practiced in a few outlying areas.
167
# Define:
**pine**
| (**pahyn**)
v. to suffer from extreme desire or painful longing; to yearn deeply
v. to waste away with grief
The sailor's wife **_pine_**d for him all through the long, harsh winter.
168
# Define:
**siren**
| (**sahy**-ruhn)
n. a beautiful, seductive, or charming woman
The young men of the neighborhood are smitten with the _siren_ who moved in last week.
169
# Define:
**cache**
| (**kash**)
n. a hidden place, a secret storage
n. a place for valuables
The bomb shelter had a _cache_ of resources capable of supporting the family.
170
# Define:
**lionize**
| (**lahy**-uh-nahyz)
v. to treat a person as a celebrity
When the musical sensation returned to her hometown, she was **_lionize_**d by everyone she knew.
171
# Define:
**skulk**
| (**skuhlk**)
v. to lie in wait; to hide with evil intent
The fugitive was spotted **_skulk_**ing about the docks just past midnight.
172
# Define:
**emendation**
| (ee-muhn-**dey**-shuhn)
n. a correction or revision in a text
Once the **_emendation_**s have been made, the pamphlet can be sent to the printer.
173
# Define:
**euphony**
| (**yoo**-fuh-nee)
n. a pleasant, harmonious sound
## Footnote
The _euphony_ of the Italian language is unparalleled.
174
# Define:
**terse**
| (**turs**)
adj. succinct, curt
Your _terse_ apology does not even begin to give an adequate explanation for your behavior.
175
# Define:
**trite**
| (**trahyt**)
adj. uninteresting due to overuse; hackneyed
Though some may find Valentine's Day chocolates _trite_, I look forward to every box I get.
176
# Define:
**malefactor**
| (**mal**-uh-fak-ter)
n. evildoer, culprit, a violator of the law
The Nuremberg trials brought the Nazi **_malefactor_**s to justice.
177
# Define:
**obtuse**
| (uhb-**toos**)
adj. stupid, dull
adj. slow to perceive, feel, or respond
The _obtuse_ response lacked a great deal of sophistication.
178
# Define:
**ingratiate**
| (ing-**grey**-shee-eyt)
v. to work oneself into the favor of someone
The intern **_ingratiate_**d himself to his superiors starting on the first day.
179
# Define:
**travesty**
| (**trav**-uh-stee)
n. a perverse or ludicrous parody or exaggeration
Thom's checkered tux was a _travesty_ of good taste.
180
# Define:
**philology**
| (fih-**lol**-uh-djee)
n. the study of linguistics and literature
The students of _philology_ were hunched over their Spanish literature texts.
181
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. untidy, disheveled; unclean in appearance or habits
**slovenly**
| (**sluhv**-uhn-lee)
## Footnote
synonyms: dirty, careless
182
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. causing hardship; burdensome, troublesome
**onerous**
| (**oh**-ner-uhs)
## Footnote
synonyms: arduous, cumbersome, vexatious
183
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
n. a plague or cause of affliction
**scourge**
| (**skurdj**)
## Footnote
synonyms: torment, affliction, pestilence
184
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
n. the quality of being frank, sincere, or impartial in expression
**candor**
| (**kan**-der)
## Footnote
synonyms: honesty, directness
185
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
n. a crude, unmannered, or rude person
**boor**
| (**boor**)
## Footnote
synonyms: goon, oaf, barbarian
186
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. dying, decaying, on the brink of extinction
**moribund**
| (**mawr**-uh-buhnd)
## Footnote
synonyms: doomed, expiring, passing
187
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to suffer from extreme desire or painful longing
v. to waste away with grief
**pine**
| (**pahyn**)
## Footnote
synonyms: dream, hanker, lust
188
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
n. a beautiful, seductive, and charming woman
**siren**
| (**sahy**-ruhn)
## Footnote
synonyms: seductress, charmer
189
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
n. a hidden place, a secret storage
n. a place for valuables
**cache**
| (kash)
## Footnote
synonyms: a secret storage place
190
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to treat a person as a celebrity
**lionize**
| (**lahy**-uh-nahyz)
## Footnote
synonyms: adulate, worship
191
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to lie, to sneak into hiding, with evil intent
**skulk**
| (**skuhlk**)
## Footnote
synonyms: tiptoe, sneak, slither, creep
192
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
n. a correction or revisions in a text
**emendation**
| (ee-muhn-**dey**-shuhn)
## Footnote
synonyms: editing, proofreading
193
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
n. a pleasant, harmonious sound
**euphony**
| (**yoo**-fuh-nee)
## Footnote
synonyms: melody, symphony
194
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. succinct, curt
**terse**
| (**turs**)
## Footnote
synonyms: brief, short
195
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. uninteresting due to overuse; hackneyed
**trite**
| (**trahyt**)
## Footnote
synonyms: banal, common
196
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
n. evildoer, culprit, a violator of the law
**malefactor**
| (**mal**-uh-fak-ter)
## Footnote
synonyms: felon, outlaw, villain
197
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
adj. stupid, dull
adj. slow to perceive, feel, or respond
**obtuse**
| (uhb-**toos**)
## Footnote
synonyms: dense, dumb, insensitive
198
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
v. to work oneself into the favor of someone
**ingratiate**
| (ing-**grey**-shee-eyt)
## Footnote
synonyms: flatter, curry favor
199
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
n. a perverse or ludicrous parody or exaggeration
**travesty**
| (**trav**-uh-stee)
## Footnote
synonyms: caricature, burlesque
200
Which of your vocabulary words means the following?
n. the study of linguistics and literature
**philology**
| (fih-**lol**-uh-djee)
## Footnote
synonyms: the study of language; linguistics, and literature
