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Western Political Thoughts POL 273 > Deck #2 > Flashcards

Deck #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Social Contract (ROUSSEAU)

A

not interested in perfect society

“taking men as they are and laws as they can be”

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2
Q

Best Form of Government (ROUSSEAU)

A

Never depicts the best form of gov.

“a form of govt depends on the people”

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3
Q

State of Nature (ROUSSEAU)

A

Primitive Roots/Remote Ancestors

Hobbes & Locke looked @ present

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4
Q

Failure of Hobbes & Locke (ROUSSEAU)

A

“None of the philosophers have reached the true state of nature”

didn’t go deep into history.

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5
Q

Characteristics of Man (ROUSSEAU)

A
  1. Animal Stupidity
  2. Lack of Reasoning
  3. Inability to Speak
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6
Q

Real Misery? (ROUSSEAU)

is civil life or natural life more freed?

A

You are more miserable in society than in primitive natural state

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7
Q

Theory of Natural Men (ROUSSEAU)

A

Ignorance is bliss.

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8
Q

Start of the Corruption of State of Nature (ROUSSEAU)

A
  1. Introduction of Private Property

2. Discussion of Self-interest

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9
Q

General Will (ROUSSEAU)

A

Large # of small differences and the deliberation wold always be good
(common interest)

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10
Q

Conceptions of Freedom (ROUSSEAU)

A
  1. Natural Freedom (natural state)
  2. Civil Freedom
  3. Moral Freedom
    (# 2 and 3 same weight once you reach society)
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11
Q

Natural Freedom (ROUSSEAU)

A

It exists in the state of nature. An unlimited right to everything that tempts him. Limited by how strong you are.

Force of the individual determines one’s natural freedom!

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12
Q

Civil Freedom (ROUSSEAU)

A

You have it only in society. Limited by the General Will
You get property once you give up your natural freedom
(Higher than Natural Freedom)

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13
Q

Moral Freedom (ROUSSEAU)

A

Makes a man truly the master of himself.
Controls impulses

(You gain moral and civil freedom once you give up natural freedom)

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14
Q

What does liberty mean? (MILL)

A

Not controlling absolute rulers

Worried about the force of public opinion

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15
Q

Public Opinion (MILL)

A

can be strong enough to stifle people’s opinion

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16
Q

Negative Liberty (MILL)

A

Liberty from interference (social and political)

Protects the Private Sphere

17
Q

Self Regarding Actions [SRA] vs. Other Regarding Actions [ORA]
(MILL)

A

SRA- society has no place in these acts

18
Q

S.R.A (MILL)

A

actions which only affect one-self + affects others with their free or self-regarding effect

Affects others in an indirect manner if @ all

19
Q

O.R.A (MILL)

A

Actions which directly affects others

20
Q

Social Tyranny Example (MILL)

A

fornication- Argument (an individual’s sex life is not the public’s business) S.R.A

21
Q

S.R.A Categories Exceptions (MILL)

A
  1. children -> those below the age of consent
  2. mentally disable + elders
  3. certain races; “barbarians, 3rd world countries”
22
Q

Utilitarian Argument (MILL)

A

“the greatest good of the greatest measure is the measure of right and wrong”

23
Q

Liberty a natural right? (MILL)

A

No. there is no support for the existence of natural rights

24
Q

Arguments for Opposing Opinions (MILL)

A
  1. Natural Infallibility
  2. Truth in Opinions
  3. Absence vs. Rationality
  4. Personal Growth
25
Q
  1. Natural Infallibility (MILL)
A

You cannot assume infallibility. Even the greats have made mistakes (Socrates, Jesus)

Because we are all infallible, we could not silence something you didn’t believe in

26
Q
  1. Truth in Opinions (MILL)
A

Even if the opinion someone contains is false, it does hold some truth.

the collision of adversarial opinions can bring light to some truths

27
Q
  1. Absence vs. Rationality (MILL)
A

In the absence of arguments, humans will believe anything that they are told. Opinions must be rational ground . if not questioned they are irrational

28
Q
  1. Personal Growth (MILL)
A

Without freedom of expression, you would lose personal growth. Leads to self-reliance.

w/o consequences, you wont learn

Western Political Thoughts POL 273 (2 decks)

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