Deck #1- Plato -> Locke Flashcards
CONCEPTIONS OF JUSTICE- Plato
Cephalus [POV]
honesty in word and deed
CONCEPTIONS OF JUSTICE- Plato
Polemarchus
Helping friends harming enemies
CONCEPTIONS OF JUSTICE- Plato
Thrasymarcus
Opinion of those whole rule
CONCEPTIONS OF JUSTICE- Plato
Glaucon
Opinion of the week, banded together
CONCEPTIONS OF JUSTICE- Plato
Adeimantus
A thing practiced because of external factors
CONCEPTIONS OF JUSTICE- Plato
Socrates
Potrays Plato POV-
thoughts based on Sparta (internal)
how you behave to others (external)
WHAT IS JUSTICE?- Plato
Justice is like a skill. Justice is a way of acting not being to others.
the equal characteristic values of wisdom, courage and Temperance
THE JUST SOCIETY- [Social Groups] Plato
Philosopher-Kings
Auxilary
Money Makers (Artisans, Tradesman)
THE JUST SOCIETY- [Function] Plato
Philosopher-Kings [GOVERNING]
Auxilary [EXECUTIVE]
Money Makers (Artisans, Tradesman) [PRODUCTIVE]
THE JUST SOCIETY- [Characteristic Value] Plato
Philosopher-Kings [WISDOM]
Auxilary[COURAGE]
Money Makers (Artisans, Tradesman)[NONE]
JUST INDIVIDUAL- Plato
- Rational
- Spirited
- Apetites
Purpose of Women in Public Life- Aristotle
women have no role to play
Purpose of Women in Public Life- Plato
Women should work for the polis. Comes down to the structure of the female soul
Role of Women in Societal Polis- Plato
doesnt want patriarchy
Role of Women in Societal Polis- Aristotle
father knows best
“Natural”- Aristotle
The biological process of how it is created and its result
POLIS IS NATURAL ARGUMENT- Aristotle
- Argument from consummation
- Argument from self-sufficiency
- Argument from speech
- Argument from the nature of wholes
Argument from consummation- Aristotle
Created by the ending of the natural acts of a communtiy
Argument from self-sufficiency- Aristotle
We are self-sufficient together which is biological thus making it natural
Argument from speech-Aristotle
Nature makes nothing in vain (ability to speak)
Argument from the nature of wholes- Aristotle
Men move toward the polis to complete themselves and purpose
Men are apart of the whole; the polis making it NATURAL
CHAIN OF BEING- Aristotle
Lowest- Minerals 1;Plants 2;Animals 3.Humans Highest:Prime Mover-"god"
NATURE OF MAN- Augustine
created from the original sin- eating from the tree of knowledge in the Garden of Eden
PURPOSE OF GOVERNMENT- Augustine
Need certain institutions to punish certain sins
“doesnt mean the state is good”
Difference between PLATO and Augustine
For Augustine: System is based originally on FAITH not rationale.
Aquinas- “The Great Synthesizer” Why?
His thesis is compromised of Aristotle & Plato’s rationale approach with the inclusion of Augustine’s religious approach
4 LAWS OF GOD- Aquinas
Eternal Law: Instinct
Divine Law: Revelation
Natural Law: Reason
Human Law:Promulgation
ETERNAL LAW- Aquinas
god’s plan for the universe
ex. plants moving toward light to grow
Natural Law-Aquinas
bridge between man and god
the participation of eternal law in rational beings
ex. humans are going to seek they’re own intelligence
Divine Law-Aquinas
rules given directly from god (from the divine law)
ex. 10 commandments
Human Law-Aquinas
- Ordinance of Reason
- For the common good
- has to declared by secular ruler
- must be declared, distributed and made known by people in the society
Ex. Stop @ a red light
Biological Distinction between men & women- ARISTOTLE
Says they are not rational. (Their ability to reason is inconclusive)
Family Structure- Aristotle
Men play the key role in the family dynamic and it should be a patriarchal level
Purpose of Christian morality. Why? Machiavelli
Admired the republic because it made Rome great & those Christian values are what made them great.
Virtu
Boldness, bravery (ex. Soilders)
Gained if only one is in control in themselves
Fortuna
Luck, becoming powerful by mere lucky
Relationship between men of his time & Machiavelli
Believes men of his time are muss’s (they have no virtu) and they need to rely on fortuna for power
How do you get fortuna on your side to gain power?
Fortuna like men with virtu. If you have none, I (Machiavelli) to teach you
State of Nature- HOBBES
A situation that exists when there is no force to keep humans alive
Run by fear
State of nature- LOCKE
State of nature is one of peace
Not original state of war
Why do they leave state of nature- HOBBES
If people are truly intelligent, the6 should reason for a state of peace
Why do they leave state of nature- LOCKE
To protect your property(your body & more)
There are limitations
Limitation of property
- Nothing was made by god to destroy
2. You have to leave enough as good for everyone else
