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Patho/Pharm > Deck 2 > Flashcards

Deck 2 Flashcards

1
Q

-lukast

A

Antiasthmatic-Leukotriene Antagonists

  • Montelukast* (Singulair)
  • Zafirlukast (Accolate)
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2
Q

What is the mode of action for Antiasthmatic-Leukotriene Antagonists (Montelukast, Zafirlukast)

A

Counteracts the effects of chemical mediators that cause bronchoconstriction and mucus production

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3
Q

-nacin

A

Anticholinergics-Antimuscarinic

  • darifenacin
  • solifenacin
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4
Q

What are Anticholinergic-Antimuscarcinic (darifenacin, solifenacin) used for?

A

To treat overactive bladder and urinary incontinence

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5
Q

-rudin

A

Anticoagulant-thrombin inhibitor

  • bivalirudin (Angiomax)
  • desirudin (Iprivask)
  • Lepirudin (rDNA)
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6
Q

What drugs can increase the effects of Anticoagulant-thrombin inhibitor

A

Ginkgo Biloba
Garlic
Chamomile
licocrice root

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7
Q

What drugs can decrease the effect of Anticoagulants

A

St. John Wort

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8
Q

-gab, gaba-

A

Anticonvulsants (anti-seizure) GABA Analogue
-gabapentin& (neurontin)
-prebalin (lyrica)
tiagabine (gabitril)

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9
Q

-toin

A

Anticonvulsant (anti-seizure) Hydantoins

  • Ethotoin (Peganone)
  • Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx)
  • Phenytoin (Dilantin)
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10
Q

What is Phenytoin used for?

A

Antiarrhythmia for preventing/blocking ventricluar arrhythmias

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11
Q

-pramine

A

Antidepressants-Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA)

  • Despiramine (Norpramin)
  • Imipramine (Tofranil)
  • Trimipramine (Surmontil)
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12
Q

What do Tricyclics (Desipramine, imipramine, trimipramine) do?

A

block the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serontonin

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13
Q

What drug should not be given with Tricyclic drugs?

A

MAO- inhibitors

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14
Q

How long until Tricyclic drugs take effect

A

3 weeks

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15
Q

What are the side effects associated with Tricyclic drugs?

A

HATS: hypotension, anticholinergic effect, tachycardia and sedation

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16
Q

-tyline

A

Antidepressants-Tricyclic (TCA)

  • amitriptyline* (Elavil)
  • nortriptyline (Pamelor)
  • protriptyline (Vivactil)
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17
Q

-citalopram

A

Antidepressants-Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

  • citalopram* (Celexa)
  • escitalopram* (Lexapro)
18
Q

What is a common side effect of Antidepressants (-citalopraim)

A

weight gain 10lbs

19
Q

-oxetine

A

Antidepressants-Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

  • fluoxetine (Prozac)
  • Paroxetine (Paxil)
  • Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
20
Q

What is the mode of action for Cymbalta?

A

block the reuptake of both serotin and norepinephrine

21
Q

What is a common side effect of Antidepressants (-oxetine)

A

Nausea

22
Q

What are the possible side effects of discontinuing anti-depressants

A 
flu-like sx
insomnia
imbalance
hyperarousal
sensory disturbances
23
Q

-setron

A 
Antiemetics-serotonin 5-HT2 receptor antagonist
-alosetron
-dolasetron (Anzemet)
-granisetron (sancuso)
ondansetron (zofran)
palonosetron (aloxi)
24
Q

What are the side effects of Antiemetics ( -setron )

A

headache, constipation and diarrhea

25
Q

-iramine

A

Antihistamines

  • brompheniramine
  • chlorpheniramine
  • pheniramine
26
Q

What are common side effects of Antihistamines ( -iramine )

A

drowsiness
dry mouth
throat

27
Q

-pril

A

Antihypertensives-angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

  • Banazepril* (Lotensin)
  • Captopril (Capoten)
  • Enalapril* (Vasotec)
  • Moexipril (Univasc)
  • quinapril (Accupril)
  • lisinopril* (Prinivil, Zestril)
28
Q

What is the most common side effects of ACE inhibitors

A

dry cough

29
Q

What must be monitored for when taking ACE inhibitors?

A

hyperkalemia because of decrease sodium reabsorption

30
Q

What is a possible adverse effect of ACE inhibitors?

A

Angioedema- starting at back of throat and progress. Can lead to cardiac arrest

31
Q

-azosin

A

Antihypertensive-Alpha Adrenergic blockers

  • doxazosin
  • prazosin
  • terazosin
32
Q

What is the mode of action for Alpha Adrenergic Blockers?

A

vasodilation- decreasing hypertension

33
Q

-dipine

A

Antihypertensive/Cardiovascular Drugs Calcium channel Blockers

  • amlodipine* (Norvasc, Lotrel)
  • felodipine (Plendil),
  • Isradipine (DynaCirc)
  • Nicardipine (Cardene)
  • Nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia)
  • Nimodipine (Nimotop)
34
Q

What are Antihypertensive Calcium Channel Blockers used for?

A

used to prevent or treat angina and hypertension

35
Q

What must be monitored for when taking Calcium channel blockers?

A

hypotension, worsening CHF, heart block

36
Q

What is the difference between “dipine” and “NON-dipine” calcium channel bockers?

A

“dipine” do not help treat supraventricular tachycardia, but NON do

37
Q

-sartan

A

Antihypertensive-Angiotenssin II receptor blockers

  • candesartan (Atacand)
  • irbesartan (Avapro)
  • iosartan (cozaar)
  • olmesartan* (benicar)
  • valsartan* (diovan)
38
Q

What is the mode of action for Angiotensin II receptor blocers?

A

block effects of angiotensin II at its receptor to decrease vasoconstriction and aldosterone

39
Q

When are ARBS used to treat HTN and heart failure?

A

when ACE inhibitors cannot be tolerated.

40
Q

When are ARBs contraindicted?

A

prego

Patho/Pharm (2 decks)

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