Deck 2

Question 1

Describe ileus & 3 types

Answer 1

Ileus = prolonged transit time of digesta from pylorus to anus

3 types: mechanical, adynamic, spastic ileus

Question 2

Describe the mechanism of development of hypoglycaemia of piglets

Answer 2

1. Piglets up to 10 days after birth ->
2. Thermoregulatory mechanisms not fully developed -> 3. Low temp. in environment causes increased heat loss & glycogenolysis and decreased ability of piglets to suck ->
3. Utilisation of glycogen storage within 24-36 hrs leading to starvation ->
4. Insufficient gluconeogenesis (due to underdevelopment of enzymes) ->
5. Hypoglycaemia ->
6. Apathy, weakness, convulsions, death.

Question 3

Paralytic ileus

Answer 3

• Involves a neurogenic reflex that halts normal intestinal motility.
• Caused by: * Trauma (rib fracture)
  * Peritonitis
  * Electrolyte imbalance
  * Spasmolytic agent
  * Acute distention obstruction of
  abdominal organs

Question 4

Fatty liver/kidney in poultry

Answer 4

• In animals 3-4 wks of age, sudden lethargy, paralysis, death
• Excessive accumulation of fat in liver & kidneys

1. (a) Deficiency in biotin leads to decreased activity of
   pyruvate carboxylase ->
   (b) Decreased gluconeogenesis ->
   (c) Decreased ability of liver to remove pyruvate,
   leads to increased pyruvate & lactate in the blood->
   (d) LACTATE ACIDOSIS
2. (a) If poultry aren’t getting enough feed ->
   (b) Increased utilisation go glycogen storage leading to
   hypoglycaemia ->
   (c) Mobilisation of proteins & FFAs for
   gluconeogenesis ->
   (d) Increased FFAs in plasma are taken up by tissues->
   (e) leading to fatty liver & kidney

• If poultry is getting free access to feed –> Normoglycemia

Question 5

Hernia

Answer 5

Hernia –> Protrusion of the intestine through a
weakness in the abdominal muscles or
through the inguinal ring.