Deck 1

Question 1

Define diarrhoea & write the types

Answer 1

Diarrhoea = increased fecal fluidity & volume of faeces or frequency of defecation

3 types: secretory, osmotic, malabsorptive

Question 2

What are the consequences of acute pancreatitis?
(know 4)

Answer 2

• nausea, vomiting
• abdominal pain
• decreased renal output
• coagulation necrosis
• fat necrosis
• pulmonary oedema
• paralytic ileus

Question 3

Consequences of proximal small intestine simple obstruction

Answer 3

• muscular weakness
• intestinal atony
• metabolic alkalosis

Question 4

Describe 1 mechanism of impaired drug detoxification in liver dysfunction

Answer 4

• The presence in the bloodstream of any of the large class of drugs inactivated by phase I enzymes increases the amount & activity of these enzymes in the liver.

*Patient chronically consumes large amounts of a substance metabolised by phase I enzymes (ex. Ethanol) -> increase in level of these enzymes -> increased metabolism of other substances metabolised by the same enzymes -> leading to sub-therapeutic blood levels of this drug.

Question 5

Describe diabetes insipidus (DI), name 3 causes & 3 consequences

Answer 5

Diabetes insipidus –> is a syndrome of polyuria & polydipsia resulting from the inability to concentrate urine as a result of lack of vasopressin action.

3 causes:
a) Diseases of the CNS (central diabetes insipidus) (total or partial)
b) Diseases of the kidney (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus)
c) Increased metabolic clearance of vasopressin

“3” consequences:
a) Dehydration
b) Polydipsia
c) Polyuria
d) Nocturia
e) Hypovolemia