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PD1 > Deck > Flashcards

Deck Flashcards

1
Q

Acinetobacter bumanii

A

aerobic, catalase +, oxidase -, common in hospitals, #1 cause of wound infections in Iraq and Afghanistan

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2
Q

Anaplasma phagocytophilum

A

infects white blood cells, humans are dead-end host

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3
Q

Babesia microti

A

malaria-like parasite, infects RBCs, high fevers and myalgia

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4
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

anthrax, cutaneous necrosis

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5
Q

Bacillus cereus

A
  • emetic form: heat stable, <6 hours until symptoms arise
  • diarrheal form: destroyed by heat, incubation >6 hours
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6
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi

A

– deer tick vector, spreads Lyme Disease, starts with migrating rash (target rash), then Bell’s palsy, fatigue, and arthritic/cardiac/neurologic symptoms, then chronic arthritis and subtle encephalitis
- treat with doxycycline x 14 days

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7
Q

Borrelia mayonii

A

rash, deep rash which extends to large part of the body, cleared by day 40

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8
Q

Chlamydiae

A

obligate intracellular parasite, no cell wall (antibiotics like penicillins cannot affect cell wall)

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9
Q
  • Chlamydia trachomatis
A

STI, #1 bacterial cause of STDs (15 strains), no cell wall so no gram stain

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10
Q
  • Chlamydophila pneumoniae
A

causes atypical pneumonia, bronchitis

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11
Q
  • Chlamydia psittaci
A

pneumonia, bird feces

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12
Q

Clostridium botulin

A

floppy baby syndrome, causes paralysis of muscles

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13
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

toxin A causes fluid accumulation in bowels, toxin B damages cells

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14
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A

gas gangrene, liquifies tissues, food poisoning

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15
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

tetanus toxin (blocks release of NT at the synapse, contraction is maintained), muscle contraction

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16
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

diphtheria, causes swelling, difficulty breathing, fever

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17
Q

Enterobacteriale

A

within and outside enteric tract, 11 types that cause disease
- LPS causes fever and inflammation, inhibits complement
- Capsules – resist phagocytosis, biofilm formation
- Fimbriae – bind to bladder (good for UTIs), bind to plastic (ex: catheters)
- Siderophores – secreted molecules that bind iron and allow for growth in low iron environments
- Efflux pumps – pump out antibiotics

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18
Q

Escherichia coli

A

faculatative anaerobe, 3 antigens used for identification: O (LPS), H (flagella), K (capsule), causes UTI, septicemia, meningitis, diarrhea

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19
Q

Hemophilus influenzae

A

1 cause of otitis media, bronchitis, sinusitis

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20
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A

– spiral organism, gastritis, makes a toxin to destroy mucous producing cells

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21
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae

A

Pneumonia, thick mucous, no flagella, capsule prevents phagocytosis

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22
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

intracellular pathogen, cause of meningitis, can grow at fridge temps, causes abortions through transplacental transmissions

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23
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis

A

causes otitis media

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24
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

white plague, lung infection, can be latent, drugs cannot target cells that aren’t growing, death caused by years of coughing, fever, sweats, and weight loss

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25
Q

Neisseia gonorrheae

A

can enter through: oral cavity, urinary tract, rectum,

26
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

(meningococcus) – respiratory tract, target of meningococcal vaccine

27
Q

Parvovirus

A

slapped cheeks syndrome

28
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

blue-green pigment, fruity odor, pulmonary infections, UTIs, bacteremia, ear/eye infections, skin and soft tissue infections, burn wounds

29
Q

Rickettsia rickettsia

A

– Rocky Mt. Spotted Fever, obligate intracellular parasite, American dog tick, presents with petechial rash around wrists and ankles, doxycycline treatment

30
Q

Salmonella enterica

A

major cause of food poisoning,

31
Q

Shigella

A

causes shigellosis with bacillary dysentery (bloody diarrhea with mucous), due to Shiga toxin (an exotoxin), similar to EHEC

32
Q

Vibrio cholerae

A

cholera, watery diarrhea

33
Q

Main Otitis media

A

: H. influenzae, Strep. pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis
ICU patients – P. aeruginosa, E. coli, K. pneumoniae

34
Q

Main infection for ICU patients

A

P. aeruginosa, E. coli, K. pneumoniae

35
Q

Main CLABSI infections

A

Candida, Staphylococcus

36
Q

Hospitalizations from food poisoning

A

campylobacter, salmonella, Shigaella, E. coli

37
Q

UTIs

A

E. coli, Kleb. pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis

38
Q

HH1

A

cold sores, virus enters cutaneous neurons and remain in ganglion
- Herpetic whitlow – terrible infection in finger, especially happens in dental workers
- Herpes gladiatorum – small bumps especially in wrestlers

39
Q

HH2

A

genital herpes, blisters and ulcers

40
Q

HH3

A

Varicella zoster virus – chickenpox (able to infect others on day 15-25), latent form is shingles, occurs as unilateral and in a single dermatome

41
Q

HH4

A

Epstein Barr virus – mononucleosis, swollen lymph nodes, symptoms last 2-3 monts, B cells are infected

42
Q

HH5

A

CMV – giant cells with many nuclei, treat using ganciclovir

43
Q

HH7

A

roseola infantum, rash and fever

44
Q

HH8

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma, causes skin malignant tumor, grey rash on feet

45
Q

Septic shock

A

high quantity of LPS increases cytokines (cytokine storm), vascular leakiness, BP drops and blood cannot perfuse organs, also blood clots and fever can occur

46
Q

ESKAPE

A

acronym comprising the scientific names of six highly virulent and antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens including: Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter

47
Q
  • Chlamydia
A

intracellular parasite, treat with doxycycline, azithromycin, or moxifloxacin, spread by flies and hand to eye contact
o Treatment is doxycycline 100 mg bid for 7 days

48
Q
  • Gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrheae
A

Gm -, diplococcus, causes pus filled discharge and is painful in males, asymptomatic in females usually, can cause ectopic pregnancy due to scarring of fallopian tube,
o Treatment is a one-time 500 mg IM ceftriaxone shot

49
Q
  • Syphilis (Treponema pallidum
A

a spirochete, 1st: painless chancre at site of inoculation, 2nd: rash on hands and soles, lesions with bacteria, 3rd: cardiovascular lesions, gummas (deep sores on skin and bones), aneurysms
o Congenital syphilis causes birth defects
o Treatment is a one-time IM benzathine penicillin shot for primary, procaine penicillin for secondary and tertiary syphilis

50
Q

ETEC

A

toxigenic) traveler’s diarrhea

51
Q

EPEC

A

(pathogenic) infant diarrhea infection at birth

52
Q

EHEC

A

(enterohemorrhagic) produces verotoxin which kills intestinal cells, bloody diarrhea since no mucous being made to protect stomach

53
Q

EIEC

A

(invasive) invade intestinal cells, bloody diarrhea with inflammatory cells in stool

54
Q

Gram positive cocci

A

Staphylococcus
aureus

Staph. epidermidis
Streptococcus pyogenes
Strep. pneumoniae

Enterococcus

Causes skin infections, food poisoning, otitis media, UTI, etc.

55
Q

Gram negative cocco-bacilli

A

Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis,
Neisseria gonorrheae
Neisseria meningitidis

56
Q

Gram positive rods

A

Corynebacterium
Listeria,
Bacillus
Clostridium tetani/botulinum
Clostridium perfringens
Actinomyces
Nocardia

57
Q

Gram neg. rods – facult. aerobes
Enteric tract organisms
Pathogenic in & outside GI tract

A

Escherichia coli

Salmonella

58
Q

Respiratory tract organisms

A

Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Legionella pneumophila
Bordetella pertussis

59
Q

Obligate intracellular parasites

A

Chlamydia
Chlamydophila
Rickettsia

60
Q

ESKAPE

A

E. coli
Staph. aureus
Klebsiella sp.
Acinetobacter
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Enterobacter

PD1 (3 decks)

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