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HESI A & P Multiple Choice > Deck 1 > Flashcards

Deck 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Eosinophils are best described as which of the following?

A. type of leukocyte that secretes histamine, which stimulates inflammatory response

B. most abundant type of leukocyte that secretes substances that are toxic to pathogens

C. type of leukocyte found under mucous membranes that defends against multicellular pathogens

D. type of circulating leukocyte that is aggressive and has high phagocytic activity

A

C. type of leukocyte found under mucous membranes that defends against multicellular pathogens

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2
Q

Which of the following is one of the functions of the stratum basale layer of the epidermis?

A. Repelling water
B. Protecting against UV Rays
C. Producing Keratin
D. Producing oil to lubricate and protect the skin

A

B. Protecting against UV Rays

  • melanocytes in stratum basale produce melanin which absorbs UV rays.
  • Stratum corneum repels water
  • Stratum Granulosom produces keratin
  • Dermis contains oil glands that produce and secrete oil
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3
Q

Tendons connect what to what?

A. Muscle to Muscle
B. Bone to Bone
C. Muscle to Bone
D. Muscle to Ligament

A

C. Muscle to Bone

  • Ligaments connect bone to bone
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4
Q

How does cartilage obtain nutrients?

A. network of fine capillaries
B. extensive network of internal vasculature
C. carrier proteins
D. Diffusion

A

D. Diffusion

  • cartilage is avascular, reason why it is limited in its ability to repair itself following an injury
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5
Q

Which of the following is not one of the functions of sebum?

A. Protecting the skin from water loss
B. Moisturizing the skin
C. Helping with thermoregulation by assisting with evaporative cooling
D. Providing chemical defense against bacterial and fungal infections

A

C. Helping with thermoregulation by assisting with evaporative cooling

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6
Q

Which of the following statements accurately describes the basics of the sliding filament model of muscle contraction?

A. Myosin filaments form and break cross bridges with actin in order to pull the actin filaments closer to the M line
B. Actin filaments form and break cross bridges with myosin in order to pull the actin filaments closer to the M line
C. Myosin filaments form and break cross bridges with actin in order to pull the actin filaments closer to the Z line
D. Actin filaments form and break cross bridges with myosin in order to pull the actin filaments closer to the Z line

A

A. Myosin filaments form and break cross bridges with actin in order to pull the actin filaments closer to the M line

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7
Q

What is one characteristics of transitional epithelial tissue that differentiates it from other types of epithelial tissue?

A. composed solely from a single layer of cells
B. appears to be stratified but actually consists of only one layer of cells
C. helps protect body from invasions of microbes like bacteria and parasites
D. can expand and contract

A

D. can expand and contract

  • A. describes simple epithelial tissue
  • B describes pseudostratified epithelial
  • C. incorrect bc even though transitional epithelium does help protect body from invading microbes this is not unique to transitional epithelium. this is a shared characteristic of all epithelial tissue
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8
Q

What structures are made by the body’s white blood cells that fight bacterial infections?

A. antibodies
B. Antibiotics
C. vaccines
D. Red blood cells

A

A. antibodies

-. Antibiotics fight bacteria but body does not make them naturally
- red blood cells are produced to fight the bacteria
- Vaccines are given to create antibodies to fight future infections

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9
Q

Which blood component is chiefly responsible to oxygen transport?

A. Platelets
B. Red Blood cells
C. White blood cells
D. Plasma cells

A

B. Red Blood cells

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10
Q

Which of the following is not a bone of the axial skeleton?

A. Sternum
B. Mandible
C. Ilium
D. Atlas

A

C. Ilium

axial skeleton is the bones of the face and skull, the vertebrae and chest, ribs, and sternum
Ilium is part of the pelvis

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11
Q

Where does sperm maturation take place in the male reproductive system?

A. Seminal vesicles
B. Prostate glands
C. Epididymus
D. Vas Deferens

A

C. Epididymus

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12
Q

Which hormone in the female reproductive system is responsible for progesterone production?

A. FSH
B. LH
C. hCG
D. Estrogen

A

C. hCG

  • GnRH : stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete FSH and LH
  • LH: Stimulates release of ovum by the follicle; follicle then converted into a corpus luteum that secretes progesterone
  • Estrogen: Stimulates repair of endometrium of uterus; negative feedback inhibits hypothalamus production of GnRH
  • Progesterone: stimulates thickening of and maintains endometrium; negative feedback inhibits pituitary production of LH
  • Prolactin: Stimulates milk production after child birth

Oxytocin: Stimulates milk letdown

  • androgens stimulate sex drive
  • hCG : stimulates production of progesterone
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13
Q

Which epithelial tissue comprises the cell layer found in a capillary bed?

A. squamous
B. cuboidal
C. columnar
D. stratified

A

A. squamous

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14
Q

When considering anatomical direction, what is the position of the clavicle to the humerus?

A. lateral
B medial
C. distal
D. inferior

A

B medial

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15
Q

What is the body plane that runs vertically through the body at right angles to the midline?

A. Coronal
B. Transverse
C. Sagittal
D. Superior

A

A. Coronal

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16
Q

Which statement is true?

A. Ligaments attach skeletal muscles to bones
B. tendons connect bones at joints
C. cartilage adds mechanical support to joints
D. Most veins deliver oxygenated blood to cells

A

C. cartilage adds mechanical support to joints

  • ligaments connect bones at joints
  • tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones
17
Q

Which layer of skin contains sensory receptors and blood vessels?

A. Epidermis
B. Dermis
C. Hypodermis
D. Subcutaneous

A

B. Dermis

18
Q

Receptors in the dermis help the body maintain homeostasis by relying messages to what area of the brain?

A. Cerebellum
B. Brain Stem
C. Pituitary Gland
D. Hypothalamus

A

D. Hypothalamus

19
Q

The radius and the ulna are to the humerus what the tibia and fibula are to the _______

A. Mandible
B. Femur
C. Scapula
D. Carpal

A

B. Femur

20
Q

What are the concentric circles of the bone tissue called?

A. Lacunae
B. Lamellae
C. Trabeculae
D. Diaphysis

A

B. Lamellae

  • between lamellae are the lacunae
21
Q

When de-oxygenated blood first enters the heart, which of the following choices is in the correct order for its journey to the aorta?
I. Tricuspid valve to lungs to mitral valve
II. Mitral Valve to lungs to Tricuspid valve
III. right ventricle to lungs to left atrium
IV. Left Ventricle to lungs to right atrium

A. I and II only
B. I and IV only
C. II and III only
D. II and IV only

A

A. I and II only

Right atrium -> right ventricle -> tricuspid valve -> pulmonary artery -> lungs -> left atrium -> left ventricle -> atrium -> left ventricle -> aorta

22
Q

Which characteristics are true for skeletal muscle?

I. Contain sarcomere
II. Have multiple nuclei
III. Are branched

A. I only
B. I and II only
C. I, II, and III only
D. II and III only

A

B. I and II only

-cardiac muscles are branched

23
Q

Which is the simplest nerve pathway that bypasses the brain?

A. Autonomic
B. Reflex arc
C. somatic
D. sympathetic

A

B. Reflex arc

  • example: knee jerk response
24
Q

Using anatomical terms what is the relationship of the sternum relative to the deltoid?

A. Medial
B. Lateral
C. Superficial
D. Posterior

A

A

25
Q

Which of the following areas of the body has the highest density of sweat glands?

A. Upper back
B. Arms
C. soles of feet/palms
D. head

A

C. soles of feet/palms

26
Q

Which statement is NOT true regarding the brain structure?

A. corpus collosum connects the hemispheres
B. Broca and Wernicke’s areas are associated with speech and language
C. cerebellum is important for long term memory storage
D. Brainstem is responsible for involuntary movement

A

C. cerebellum is important for long term memory storage

  • cerebellum is important for balance and motor coordination
27
Q

Which is the first event to happen in a primary immune response?

A. macrophages ingest pathogens and present their antigens
B. neutrophils aggregate and act as cytotoxic, nonspecific killers of pathogens
C. B lymphocytes make pathogen specific antibodies
D. Helper T cells secrete interleukins to activate pathogen fighting cells

A

A. macrophages ingest pathogens and present their antigens

28
Q

Which of the following is not considered to be a primary function of the proprioceptive system?

A. Provide awareness of position of kinesthesia within the surroundings
B. Produce coordinated reflexes to maintain muscle tone and balance
C. Provide peripheral feedback info to the central nervous system to help modify movements and motor movements
D. provide cushioning to joints during impact

A

D. provide cushioning to joints during impact

29
Q
A

HESI A & P Multiple Choice (4 decks)

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