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Hesi A2 A&P > Deck 1 > Flashcards

Deck 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Skin Responsible for finger prints?

A

Dermal papillase

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2
Q

What type of synovial joint is the elbow?

A

Hinge

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3
Q

where is blood produced in infants after birth

A

red bone marrow

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4
Q

what structure is a ball and socket joint?

A

shoulder

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5
Q

What are the macromolecules that genetic code is carried on?

A

Nucleotide’s

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6
Q

What cavity of the heart has the thickest wall?

A

Left ventricle

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7
Q

What are like cells grouped together called?

A

Tissue

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8
Q

Which type of skin cancer can be recognized in lesion character based on the ABCD rule?

A

Basal cell caranoma

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9
Q

WHAT CONTRIBUTES PHAGOCYTES IN THE WHITE BLOOD CELLS?

A

VOCUOLE

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10
Q

WHICH ORGAN IS PART OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE AND URINARY SYSTEMS?

A

URETHRA

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11
Q

WHICH STRUCTURE REGULATES THE TRANSPORT SUBSTANCES IN AND OUT OF THE CELL?

A

CELL PLASMA

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12
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THROMBOCYTES?

A

BLOOD CLOT(ING)

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13
Q

WHICH BONES ARE FORMED BY INTRA-MEMBRANOUS OSSIFICATION?

A

FLAT BONE

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14
Q

WHERE DOES DIGESTION BEGIN IN THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM?

A

ORAL CAVITY

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15
Q

URINARY BLADDER AND INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS ARE FOUND IN WHICH CAVITY?

A

PELVIC

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16
Q

WHICH ANATOMIC STRUCTURE HOUSES THE MALLEUS, INUS, AND STAPLES?

A

EAR

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17
Q

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION CAN LEAD TO A BURNING SENSATION CAUSED BY WHICH MOLECULES?

A

ATP

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18
Q

WHAT DOES THE CERUMNOUS GLAND SECRETE?

A

EAR WAX

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19
Q

WHICH MUSCLE OF THE QUADRICEPS GROUP LIE ON THE SURFACE SIDE OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY?

A

VASTUS LEGS

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20
Q

WHICH STRUCTURE IS LOCATED ON THE STERNUM?

A

XIPHOID BONE

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21
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING HORMONES DECREASES THE CONCENTRATION OF BLOOD GLUCOSE?

A

INSULIN

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22
Q

WHICH STRUCTURE CONTROLS THE HORMONES SECRETED BY THE PITUITARY GLAND?

A

HYPOTHALMUS

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23
Q

HOW MUCH OF A FEMALES BLOOD VOLUME IS COMPOSED OF RBC’S?

A

40%

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24
Q

WHICH TYPE OF CHOLESTEROL IS CONSIDERED TO BE THE BEST FOR HEALTH?

A

HDL

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25
Q

WHERE ARE THE VOCAL CORDS LOCATED?

A

LARYNX

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26
Q

WHERE DOES GAS EXCHANGE OCCUR IN THE HUMAN BODY?

A

ALVEOLI

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27
Q

WHAT MINERAL IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS?

A

CALCIUM

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28
Q

IN WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING LOCATIONS WOULD THE URINARY BLADDER AND INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS BE FOUND?

A

PELVIC CAVITY

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29
Q

WHAT SEPARATES THE THORACIC CAVITY FROM THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY?

A

DIAPHRAM

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30
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING EPITHELIAL TYPES IS CORRECTLY MATCHED WITH ITS MAJOR FUNCTION?

A

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM- SECRETION OR ABSORPTION

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31
Q

TISSUE WITH THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS IS?

FOUND IN INTERNAL SURFACE OF THE STOMACH, NO EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX, CELLS TALL AND THIN, NO BLOOD VESSELS

A

EPITHELIAL TISSUE

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32
Q

NERVE TISSUE IS COMPOSED OF NEURONS AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS THAT ARE REFERRED TO AS?

A

NEUROGLIA

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33
Q

WHICH TISSUE SERVES AS THE FRAMEWORK OF THE BODY BY PROVIDING SUPPORT AND STRUCTURE FOR THE ORGANS?

A

CONNECTIVE

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34
Q

WHAT IS THE UNIT OF LIFE AND THE BUILDING BLOCK OF TISSUES AND ORGANS?

A

CELL

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35
Q

WHAT IS THE EXCHANGE OF GASES BETWEEN THE ATMOSPHERE AND THE BLOOD THROUGH THE ALVEOLI CALLED?

A

EXTERNAL RESPIRATION

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36
Q

IN ORDER FOR INHALATION TO OCCUR, WHAT MUST HAPPEN?

A

CONTRACTION OF THE DIAPHRAGM- ENLARGES THE CHEST CAVITY AND DRAWS AIR INTO THE LUNGS

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37
Q

MOST OF THE CARBON DIOXIDE IN THE BLOOD DOES WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?

A

IT IS CONVERTED TO BICARBONATE IONS BY CARBONIC ANHYDRASE WITHIN THE RBC’S

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38
Q

HOW DOES THE TRACHEA REMAIN OPEN LIKE A HOLLOW TUBE?

A

SUPPORTING CARTILAGINOUS RINGS KEEP IT OPEN

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39
Q

THE STOMACH MUSCLE CHURNS AND MIXES FOOD, TURNING THE MASS INTO A SOUPY SUBSTANCE CALLED?

A

CHYME

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40
Q

WHICH TYPE OF CELL DIVISION TAKES PLACE IN THE GONADS?

A

MEIOSIS

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41
Q

IN WHAT AREA OF THE BODY WOULD YOU EXPECT TO FIND AN ESPECIALLY THICH STRATUM CORNEUM?

A

HEEL OF THE FOOT

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42
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PROTEINS IS PRODUCED BY CARTILAGE?

A

COLLAGEN

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43
Q

WHICH COMPONENT OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IS RESPONSIBLE FOR LOWERING THE HEART RATE?

A

PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

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44
Q

WHICH TYPE OF SUBSTANCE BREAKS DOWN TO FORM UREA?

A

PROTEIN

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45
Q

WHAT IS THE NAME FOR A JOINT THAT CAN ONLY MOVE IN TWO DIRECTIONS?

A

HINGE

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46
Q

IN WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MUSCLE TYPES ARE THE FILAMENTS ARRANGED IN A DISORDERLY MANNER?

A

SMOOTH

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47
Q

WHAT ARE THE GLANDS OF SKIN THAT PRODUCE A THIN, WATERY SECRETION?

A

ECCRINE GLANDS

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48
Q

SKIN AIDS IN MAINTAINING THE CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE LEVELS OF THE BODY BY PARTICIPATING IN THE PRODUCTION OF WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?

A

VITAMIN D

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49
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ARE FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM?

A

SUPPORT THE BODY, HEMOPOIESIS, PROVIDE PROTECTION

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50
Q

THE ORTHOPEDIC SURGEON INFORMS YOU THAT YOU’VE BROKEN THE MIDDLE REGION OF THE HUMERUS. WHAT IS HE DESCRIBING?

A

DIAPHYSIS

51
Q

SAMPLE OF TISSUE THAT HAS OPEN SPACES PARTIALLY FILLED BY AN ASSEMBLAGE OF NEEDLELIKE STRUCTURES.
WHAT IS THIS TISSUE CALLED?

A

SPONGY BONE

52
Q

THE HEART HAS AN INTRINSIC BEAT THAT IS INITIATED BY WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?

A

SINOATRIAL NODE

53
Q

VASODILATION AND VASOCONSTRICTION RESULT FROM WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?

A

RELAXATION AND CONTRACTION OF SMOOTH MUSCLE IN THE ATRIAL WALL

54
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE BLOOD VESSEL WHERE EXCHANGES TAKE PLACE BETWEEN BLOOD AND THE CELLS OF THE BODY?

A

CAPILLARY

55
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF ALDOSTERONE?

A

IT CONSERVES SODIUM IN THE BODY

56
Q

ALL THE NUTRIENTS THAT ENTER THE HEPTIC PORTAL VIEN ARE ROUTED WHERE FOR DECONTAMINATION?

A

LIVER

57
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BONES IS THE ONLY MOVEABLE BONE OF THE SKULL?

A

MANDIBLE

58
Q

WHICH MINERAL IS RESPONSIBLE FOR REGULATION FLUID IN THE BODY?

A

SODIUM

59
Q

WHY ARE SKELETAL MUSCLES ALSO CALLED VOLUNTARY MUSCLES?

A

THEY ARE UNDER CONSCIOUS CONTROL

60
Q

ALL ACTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DEPEND ON THE TRANSMISSION OF NERVE IMPULSES OVER WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?

A

NEURONS

61
Q

MOTOR OR ______ NEURONS TRANSMIT NERVE IMPULSES AWAY FROM THE CNS.

A

EFFERENT

62
Q

JEFFERY HAS CONTRACTED BULBAR POLIOMYELITIS AND IT HAS AFFECTED THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA.

WHAT FUNCTIONS OF THE MO HAVE WARRANTED HIS DIRE PROGNOSIS?

A

THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA CONTAINS VITAL CENTERS THAT CONTROL HEART ACTION, BLOOD VESSEL DIAMETER, AND RESPIRATION.

63
Q

WHAT CHEMICAL MESSENGERS THAT CONTROL GROWTH, DIFFERENTIATION, AND THE METABOLISM OF SPECIFIC TARGET CELLS CALLED?

A

HORMONES

64
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ARE TROPIC HORMONES?

A

SOMATOTROPIN
FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE
THYROID-STIMULATION HORMONE

65
Q

WHICH LEUKOCYTES ARE CORRECTLY MATCHED WITH THEIR FUNCTION OR DESCRIPTION?

A

MONOCYTES- BECOME MACROPHAGES

LYMPHOCYTES- IMPORTANT IN IMMUNE RESPONSE

NEUTROPHILS- PHAGOCYTIZE MICROORGANISMS

66
Q

WHICH ARE FUNCTIONAL UNITS OF THE KIDNEY?

A

NEPHRONS

67
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO FUNCTIONS OF THE MALE AND FEMALE SEX ORGANS?

A

PRODUCTION OF GAMETES AND PRODUCTION OF HORMONES

68
Q

IN MEN, SPERMATOZOA DEVELOP WITHIN THE _____ OF THE TESTES.

A

SEMINIFEROUS TUBLUES

69
Q

TESTICULAR ACTIVITY IS UNDER CONTROL OF WHICH HORMONES?

A

BOTH FSH AND LH

70
Q

HORMONE THAT PREPARES THE ENDOMETRIUM OF THE UTERUS FOR PREGNANCY?

A

ESTROGEN

71
Q

DURING PREGNANCY, WHICH ORGAN PRODUCES THE HORMONES THAT MAINTAIN THE ENDOMETRIUM AND PREPARE THE BREASTS FOR MILK PRODUCTION?

A

PLACENTA

72
Q

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE STRUCTURE THAT PREVENTS FOOD FROM ENTERING THE AIRWAY?

A

EPIGLOTTIS

73
Q

WHICH SUBSTANCE MAKES UP THE PADS THAT PROVIDE SUPPORT BETWEEN THE VERTEBRAE?

A

CARTILAGE

74
Q

HOW MANY DIFFERENT TYPES OF TISSUE ARE THERE IN THE HUMAN BODY?

A

FOUR

75
Q

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE OUTERMOST LAYER OF THE SKIN?

A

EPIDERMIS

76
Q

WHICH HORMONE STIMULATES MILK PRODUCTION IN THE BREASTS DURING LACTATION?

A

PROLACTIN

77
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURES HAS THE LOWEST BLOOD PRESSURE?

A

VEIN

78
Q

WHICH OF THE HEART CHAMBERS IS THE MOST MUSCULAR?

A

LEFT VENTRICLE

79
Q

WHICH PART OF THE BRAIN INTERPRETS SENSORY INFORMATION?

A

CEREBRUM

80
Q

HOW MUCH AIR DOES AN ADULT INHALE IN AN AVERAGE BREATH?

A

500 ML

81
Q

WHICH TYPE OF CELL SECRETES ANTIBODIES?

A

PLASMA CELLS

82
Q

WHICH FORCE MOTIVATES FILTRATION IN THE KIDNEYS?

A

BLOOD PRESSURE

83
Q

WHICH STRUCTURE OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM CARRIES ACTION POTENTIAL IN THE DIRECTION OF A SYNAPSE?

A

AXON

84
Q

LIST THE BODY PLANES

A

SAGGITAL (MEDIAN) PLANE

PARASAGITTAL PLANE

CORONAL (FRONTAL) PLANE

AXIAL (TRANSVERSE) PLANE

85
Q

DEFINE SECTION

A

SURFACE AREA, EXPANSE, AREA

THE EXTENT OF A 2D SURFACE ENCLOSED WITHIN A BOUNDARY

86
Q

DEFINE SAGITAL SECTION

A

PLANE DIVIDES THE BODY INTO LEFT AND RIGHT SIDES

87
Q

DEFINE FRONTAL (CORONAL) SECTION

A

VERTICAL PLANE RUNNING FROM SIDE TO SIDE; DIVIDES THE BODY INTO ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR PORTIONS

88
Q

DEFINE CROSS SECTIONAL PLANE (TRANSVERSE, HORIZONTAL)

A

PASSES THROUGH THE BODY AT A RIGHT ANGLE TO THE LONG AXIS OF THE BODY. DIVIDES INTO SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR PARTS.
AXIAL PLANE
TRANSAXIAL PLANE

89
Q

WHAT IS THE ANATOMIC POSITION?

A

BODY STANDING UPRIGHT AND FACING FORWARD, LEGS PARALLEL TO ONE ANOTHER, ARMS HANG AT EITHER SIDE WITH PALMS FACING FORWARD

90
Q

WHAT ARE THE TERMS OF DIRECTION?

A 
ANTERIOR
POSTERIOR
DISTAL
PROXIMAL
DORSAL
VENTRAL
SUPERIOR
INFERIOR
91
Q

DEFINE TERMS OF DIRECTION

A

DESCRIBE THE POSITIONS OF STRUCTURES RELATIVE TO OTHER STRUCTURES OR LOCATIONS IN THE BODY

92
Q

DEFINE PROXIMAL

A

NEAR, CLOSER TO THE ORGIN

93
Q

DEFINE DISTAL

A

AWAY FROM, FARTHER FROM THE ORIGIN

94
Q

WHAT IS HISTOLOGY?

A

THE STUDY OF TISSUES

95
Q

DEFINE TISSUE

A

GROUPS OF CELLS THAT HAVE SIMILAR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION TOGETHER AS A UNIT.

96
Q

WHAT ARE THE 4 FUNDAMENTAL TISSUES?

A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
MUSCLE TISSUE
NERVOUS TISSUE

97
Q

DEFINE THE FOUR TISSUES

A

CONNECTIVE- SUPPORTS OTHER TISSUES AND BINDS THEM TOGETHER.
EPITHELIAL- PROVIDES A COVERING
MUSCLE- INCLUDES STRIATED MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE SKELETON, SMOOTH MUSCLE SUCH AS THAT SURROUNDING THE STOMACH
NERVE- MADE UP OF NERVE CELLS, CARRIES MESSAGES TO AND FROM

98
Q

WHAT IS THE LARGEST ORGAN OF THE BODY?

A

SKIN

99
Q

WHAT ARE THE 2 LAYERS OF SKIN?

A

DERMIS

EPIDERMIS

100
Q

DEFINE THE LAYERS (SKIN)

A

EPIDERMIS- OUTERMOST LAYER OF THE SKIN. WATERPROOF BARRIER AND CREATES SKIN TONE
DERMIS- CONTAINS TOUGH CONNECTIVE TISSUE, HAIR FOLLICLES AND SWEAT GLANDS.
HYPODERMIS- MADE OF FAT AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE

101
Q

DEFINE MELANIN

A

NATURAL SKIN PIGMENT

HAIR, SKIN, AND EYE COLOR DEPENDS ON THE TYPE AND AMOUNT OF MELANIN THEY HAVE

102
Q

WHAT DOES THE BODY FRAMEWORK CONSIST OF?

A

CONSISTS OF BONES AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE. INCLUDING CARTILAGE, TENDONS, AND LIGAMENTS

103
Q

WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM?

A 
BODY SUPPORT
MOVEMENT
PROTECTION
STORAGE OF MINERALS AND FAT
BLOOD CELL FORMATION
104
Q

NAME THE TYPES OF BONES

A 
FLAT
SHORT
LONG
IRREGULAR
SESAMOID
105
Q

WHAT ARE OSTEOBLASTS?

A

CELLS THAT FORM NEW BONE

COORDINATE THE MINERALIZATION OF THE SKELETON

106
Q

HOW MANY BONES DOES THE AXIAL SKELETON CONSIST OF?

A

80

107
Q

WHAT DOES THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON CONSIST OF?

A

SHOUDLER GIRDLE
UPPER LIMBS
PELVIC GIRDLE
LOWER LIMBS

108
Q

WHAT MUST BE PRESENT FOR A MUSCLE CELL TO CONTRACT?

A

ATP AND CALCIUM IONS

109
Q

WHAT TYPES OF MUSCLES MAKE UP THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM?

A

SKELETAL
CARDIAC
SMOOTH

110
Q

WHAT DOES THE NERVOUS SYSTEM CONSIST OF?

A

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - BRAIN AND SPINAL

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - NERVES THAT GO THROUGH THE WHOLE BODY

111
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO PARTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM?

A

BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD - CENTRAL NS

NERVES THAT GO THROUGH THE WHOLE BODY - PERIPHERAL NS

112
Q

LIST AND DEFINE THE MAJOR PARTS OF THE BRAIN

A

CEREBRUM - FILLS UP MOST OF THE SKULL, INVOLVED IN REMEMBERING, PROB SOLVING, THINKING, FEELING
CEREBELLUM - SITS IN THE BACK OF THE HEAD UNDER CEREBRUM, CONTROLS COORDINATION AND BALANCE
BRAIN STEM - REGULATES MOST OF THE BODYS AUTOMATIC FUNCTIONS

113
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM?

A

MADE UP OF ALL THE BODY’S DIFFERENT HORMONES. REGULATES ALL BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE BODY.

114
Q

DEFINE HORMONES

A

THE BODYS CHEMICAL MESSENGERS

AN ORGANIC SUBSTANCE THAT FUNCTIONS IN REGULATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AND IN MAINTAINING HOMEOSTASIS

115
Q

WHAT DOES WHOLE BLOOD CONSIST OF?

A

RED BLOOD CELLS
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
PLATELETS - SUSPENDED IN YELLOW LIQUID CALLED PLASMA

116
Q

WHAT IS THE SMALLEST ARTERY?

A

ARTERIOLE

117
Q

WHERE IS RESPIRATION CONTROLLED?

A

MEDULLA OBLONGATA

118
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM?

A

ORGANS AND OTHER PARTS OF YOUR BODY INVOLVED IN BREATHING, WHEN YOU EXCHANGE OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE

119
Q

WHAT IS THE ALIMENTARY CANAL?

A

WHOLE PASSAGE WHERE FOOD PASSES THROUGH THE BODY, MOUTH TO ANUS.

ESOPHAGUS
STOMACH
INTESTINES

120
Q

WHAT DOES THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM CONSIST OF?

A 
MOUTH
THROAT (PHARYNX)
ESOPHAGUS
STOMACH
SMALL INTESTINE
LARGE INTESTINE
RECTUM 
ANUS
salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
121
Q

DEFINE BOLUS

A

FOOD THAT HAS BEEN CHEWED AND MIXED IN THE MOUTH WITH SALIVA

122
Q

DEFINE CHYME

A

THICK SEMIFLUID MASS OF PARTIALLY DIGESTED FOOD AND DIGESTIVE SECRETIONS THAT FORMS IN THE STOMACH AND INTESTINE DURING DIGESTION

123
Q

WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM?

A 
KIDNEYS
RENAL PELVIS
URETERS
BLADDER
URETHRA

Hesi A2 A&P (2 decks)

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