DECIDUOUS WOODLANDS

Question 1

key characteristics of decidous woodlands

Answer 1

• thick layer of leaf fall each year creates deep, fertile soil
  -slow leaching means nutrients move slowly through the soil

Question 2

Gersmehl model in relation to decidous woodlands?

Answer 2

(B and S are largest)

Question 3

veg layering in decidous woodlands

Answer 3

1. canopy
2. subcanopy
3. herb layer
4. ground layer

Question 4

discuss decidous woodlands’ moderate biodiversity

Answer 4

:) 4 layers create a range of habitats
precipitation year-round provides much water to support moderatley high biodiverist

:( smaller in size compared to TRF–> less space
high latitude than TRF–> decreased insolation decreased sunlight decreased PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Question 5

3 animal adaptations in the decidous woodland

Answer 5

• birds migrate away from UK to warmer locations
  -red squirrels store hood
  -hedgehogs hibernate

Question 6

3 plant adaptations in the decdous woodland

Answer 6

-decidous trees drop leaves in autumn to reduce transpiration and conserve water

• trees spread branhes to maximise access to sunlight

-large, deep root systems to reach nutrients from soil

Question 7

goods and services provided by decidous woodlands

Answer 7

-wood
-carbon store

Question 8

impact of climate change on decidous woodlands

Answer 8

a) structure– increased temperature increases risk of forest fires, which would result in significant damage ot plant and animal habitats

b) biodiversity– milder winters means pests could survive, increasing the spread of diseases and leaving culnerable species in danger

Question 9

discuss deforestation in decidous woodlands

Answer 9

1. timber extraction
   replacing decidous trees with conifers gurarantee a faster return as they are fast growing, but a dense canopy of conifers can block sunlight and reduce biodiversity
2. urbanisation
   -higher car ownership means trees have to be cleared to build wider roads to ase congestion

Question 10

deciduous woodland management case study– BOX HILL

Answer 10

1. timber–> fuels/ consturctuion of walking trails
   ~ coppicing= cutting trees at ground level, encouraging shoots to regrow from stump base of origanl tree–> ensure constant supply of wood
2. conservation–> support high biodiversity of 38 species of butterflies
   ~ listed as European special area of conservation// bluebells listed as endangered species in the UK law
3. tourism –> 850000 people a year visit box hill
   ~National trust provides education, such as guided walks and school tours