Decent with modification

Question 1

What is evolution?

Answer 1

The change in the inherited characteristics (morphology, ecology, behavious and physiology) of biological population over successive generations

Question 2

What underlies all evolution?

Answer 2

Genetic changes

Question 3

What is adaptation?

Answer 3

a trait that increases survival and reproduction of an individual compared to individuals without that trait

Question 4

What were darwins two main ideas?

Answer 4

Evolution explains lifes unity and diversity

Natural selection is a cause of adaptive evolution

Question 5

What is artificial selection?

Answer 5

When humans modify other species by selecting and breeding individuals with desired traits

Question 6

What are some examples of artifiicial selection?

Answer 6

Cultivated crops from wild mustard leading to cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, kale
Moden corn
Wolves–> different dog breeds

Question 7

how many observations did Darwin describe?

Answer 7

5

Question 8

1st observation?

Answer 8

For any species, population sizes would increase exponentially

Question 9

2nd observations

Answer 9

populations tend to be stable in size ( except for seasonal fluctuations)

Question 10

3rd observation

Answer 10

Resources are limited

Question 11

4th observation

Answer 11

Members of a population vary extensively in thier characteristics (no two are exactly alike)

Question 12

5th observation

Answer 12

Much of this variation is inheritable

Question 13

1st inference?

Answer 13

producing more individuals than the environment can support leads to a struggle for existence among individuals–>only fraction survive

Question 14

2nd inference?

Answer 14

Survival depens in part on inherited traits. individuals whose inherited traits give them a high probability of surviving and reproducing are likely to leave more ofspring than others

Question 15

3rd observation

Answer 15

The unequal ability of individuals to survive and reproduce will lead to a gradual chnge in population, favourable characteristics accumulate over generations

Question 16

What are the 4 parts of natural selection?

Answer 16

Over Reproduction
Heritable Variability
Competition
Differential reproduction

Question 17

What is over reproduction?

Answer 17

organisms are capable of producing huge numbers of offspring

Question 18

What is heritable variability

Answer 18

Those offspring are variable in appearance and funtion and some of those variations are heritable (passed on from parent to offspring)

Question 19

What is Competiton?

Answer 19

Environmental resources are limited, and those varied offspring mus compete for their share

Question 20

What is differential reproduction?

Answer 20

survival and reproduction of the varied offspring is not random. Individuals with more favourable traits for survival and reproduction will leave more offspring

Question 21

does natural selection create new traits?

Answer 21

no. it edits or select for traits already present in a population

Question 22

What are some examples of evidence fornatural selections?

Answer 22

Fossil records
Anatomical records
molecular records
biogeography
artificial selection

Question 23

What are homologous structures?

Answer 23

body parts that share a common ancestor, but mat not necessarily perform the same function
ex. forearm bones in human arm, cat leg, whale flipper, and bat wing

Question 24

What are analogous structures?

Answer 24

body parts that perform the same function but have different evolutionary history (not from common ancestory)
ex. Walking limbs of insects and vertebrates
eye of octopus and eyes in human
streamlined bodies of sharks and dolphins

Question 25

What are vestigial organs?

Answer 25

Structure that serve little or no function. remnants of structures that were functional in ancestral species ex. appendix, coccyx, little toes, wisdom teeth

Question 26

What is Comparative embryology?

Answer 26

Anatomical homologies not visible in adult organisms | ex. human embryo and chicken embryo

Question 27

What is significant about molecular record?

Answer 27

Similarity in DNA and amino acid composition. we share a percentage of genetic makeup with many species ex. 95% same makeup with monkeys 87% same make up with mice 69% makeup with chicken

Question 28

What is biogeography?

Answer 28

The study of where organisms live and how they came to live where they do. as populations are separated by barriers, modifications to those species tend to create adaptions (subspecies that are relatives)