December Prelim Flashcards

1
Q

Increasing crime problem %

A

non sexual crimes 8%

Non sexual crimes of violence 10%

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2
Q

Decreasing crime problem %

A

Crimes of dishonesty -2%

Fire raising and vandalism -6%

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3
Q

Groups more affected

A

Ethnic minorities

Poorer people

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4
Q

Social causes of crime

A

Drugs & alcohol - 2/3rds crime committed under the influence

Poor education - 30% prisoners have reading level to get through everyday life

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5
Q

Economic causes of crime

A

Poverty - shoplifting most common crime in Scotland (47% crimes of dishonesty)

Unemployment- Glasgow Maryhill gangs

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6
Q

Biological causes of crime

A

Hormones - 90% prisoners male

Mental disorder - Stephen Griffiths cannibal

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7
Q

Consequences of crime on victim

A

PTSD

Broken bones

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8
Q

Consequences of crime on perpetrator

A

Loss of freedom

Homeless

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9
Q

Consequences of crime on communities

A

Better security measures

Fear of going out

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10
Q

Consequences of crime on society

A

Minority groups likely to be victims

People keep themselves to themselves

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11
Q

Justice of peace court role

A

Summary procedure, less serious crimes

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12
Q

Justice of peace court power

A

60 days imprisonment , £2,500 fine

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13
Q

Sheriff court role

A

Decide which procedure , middle serious crimes

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14
Q

Sheriff court power

A

12 month prison or £10,000 fine

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15
Q

High court role

A

Solemn procedure , most serious crimed

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16
Q

High court power

A

No maximum fine or imprisonment

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17
Q

Effectiveness of tackling crime in courts

A

Low and decreasing rate of crime in Scotland

63% confident prisoners get justice

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18
Q

Uneffectiveness of tackling crime in courts

A

Reoffending rates high

56% people not confident punishments fit crime

19
Q

Children’s hearing system role

A

Act in best interest , organise panel

20
Q

Children’s hearing system powers

A

Remove child from home

Issue warrant to secure attendance

21
Q

Responses to crime

Knife crime

A

No knifes better lives campaign

22
Q

Effectiveness knife crime

A

Effectiveness- between 2011-16 no one under 20 died from knife

23
Q

Uneffectiveness knife crime

A

45 instances of pupils using weapons in school

24
Q

Alcohol related crimes

A

Under 25 challenge policy

25
Q

Effectiveness of alcohol crime

A

effectiveness- 17% decrease after drink and drive limit was lowered

26
Q

Uneffectiveness of alcohol crime

A

alcohol is still a buy cause of violent crime in Scotland

27
Q

Prison effectiveness

A

Rehab, justice and punishment, keeps people safe

Alexander pacteau Sentenced to life so people feel safe

28
Q

Uneffectiveness of prison

A

High reoffending rate(39% back in prison in a year)
Costly: £40,000 a year to keep someone in prison
Overcrowding: Barlinnie prison holds 1,500 instead of 1,000

29
Q

Alternative prison punishments

A

ASBO (Michael O’Rourke) , fine (Raymond Higgins)

30
Q

Effectivenss of prison punishments

A

Effectiveness: electronic tags are inexpensive

31
Q

Uneffectiveness of prison punishments

A

Against: polmont prison (men skills life) , Michael O’Rourke went to prison after ignoring ASBO

32
Q

Police role

A

Protect, prevent, investigate

33
Q

Police structure

A

Local policing, specialist crime division, crime and operational support

34
Q

Police powers

A

Detain and arrest, stop and search, seize goods and move you on

35
Q

Effectiveness of police in Scotland

A

Crimes have been investigated properly -71% confident

Prevent crime: 56% confident

36
Q

Social causes of terrorism

A

peer pressure, ideological beliefs, religious beliefs(2011 Norway attacks Brevik)

37
Q

Economic causes of terrorism

A

unemployment, poverty, lack of investment

38
Q

Political causes of terrorism

A

retaliation, nationalism(hate to ethnic group), political beliefs

39
Q

Consequences of terrorism

A

Travelling
Holidays
Health

40
Q

Economic consequences of terrorism

A

Security enhancements

Major loss of money

41
Q

Society consequences of terrorism

A

Vandalism
Ethnic groups

War in Afghanistan 2011

42
Q

Individuals consequences of terrorism

A

PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT or DISPLACEMENT
PTSD
Broken bone
(Beach attacks 2015 or Boko Haram)

43
Q

United Nations tackling crime 1

A

Preventing and resolving conflict:
International boundaries
Peacekeeping operations

44
Q

United Nations tackling crime 2

A

Education:
Understanding and countering the appeal of terrorism
Public awareness