December Mock Definitions Flashcards
Isotope
as atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different masses
Relative isotopic mass
Mass of an isotope compared with 1/12 the mass of carbon-12
Relative atomic mass
Weighted mean mass of an atom compared with 1/12th the mass of carbon-12
Homologous series
a series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2
Structural isomers
compounds with the same molecular
formula but different structural formulae
Radical
A species with an unpaired electron
Stereoisomers
compounds with the same structural formula but with a different arrangement in space
E/Z isomerism
an example of stereoisomerism, in terms of restricted rotation about a double bond and the requirement for two different groups to be attached to each carbon atom of the C=C group
Cis-trans isomerism
a special case
of E/Z isomerism in which two of the substituent groups attached to each carbon atom of the C=C group are the same
Electrophile
Electron pair acceptor
Nucleophile
Electron pair donor
Optical isomerism
an example of stereoisomerism, in terms of non- superimposable mirror images about a chiral centre
Amount of substance
a quantity with the unit mole
mole
the amount of any substance containing as many elementary particles as there are carbon atoms in exactly 12g of the carbon-12 isotope
Avogadro’s constant
the number of
partcles per mole, 6.02 × 10 ^23 mol–1
molar mass
mass per mole in g mol ^-1
molar gas volume
gas volume per mole in dm^3 mol^-1
anhydrous
containing no water molecules
hydrated
a crystalline compound containgin water molecules
water of crystallisation
water molecules that are bonded into the crystalline structure of a compound
what are acids and alkalis
acids - release H+ in aqeous solution
alkalies - release OH- in aqeous solution
aromic orbital
a region around the nucleus that can hold
up to two electrons, with opposite spins
ionic bonding
electrostatc atracton between
positve and negatve ions
covalent bond
strong electrostatc
atracton between a shared pair of electrons and
the nuclei of the bonded atoms
average bond enthalpy
average enthalpy change that takes place when one mole of gaseous bonds are broken
aliphatic
not a definition but need to know
a compound containing carbon
and hydrogen joined together in straight
chains, branched chains or non-aromatc
rings
alicyclic
not a definition but need to know
an aliphatc compound arranged
in non-aromatc rings with or without side
chains
aromatic
not a definition but need to know
a compound containing a
benzene ring
homolytic fission
in terms of each bonding
atom receiving one electron from the
bonded pair, forming two radicals
heterolytic fission
in terms of one bonding
atom receiving both electrons from the
bonded pair
