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NEURO CNS > December 2014 FINAL > Flashcards

December 2014 FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

What is NOT part of the epithalamus?

A. reticular nucleus
B. pineal gland
C. stria medullaris thalami
D. habenula

A

A. reticular nucleus

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2
Q

How many functional components are in the brainstem?

A. four
B. five
C. six
D. seven

A

D. seven

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3
Q

Parallel fibres come from which of the following?

A. inferior olivary nucleus
B. purkinje fibres
C. precerebellar nuclei
D. granule cells

A

D. granule cells

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4
Q

What is the most rostral part of the central nervous system?

A. medulla
B. diencephalon
C. pons
D. telencephalon

A

D. telencephalon

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5
Q

Which transmitter influences movement?

A. acetylcholine
B. adrenaline
C. dopamine
D. seratonin

A

A. acetylcholine

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6
Q

Which bundle of nerve fibres contains the central branches of primary sensory neurons that provide general sensation (not taste) from the posterior one third of the tongue?

A. hypoglossal nerve
B. spinal trigeminal tract
C. solitary tract
D. medial longitudinal fasciculus

A

B. spinal trigeminal tract

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7
Q

The parasympathetic preganglionic neurons to the heart are located in the

A. dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus
B. nucleus ambiguus
C. spinal accessory nucleus
D. spinal trigeminal nucleus

A

A. dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus

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8
Q

Which cerebellar pathway has fibres that cross?

A. anterior spinocerebellar
B. cuneospinocerebellar
C. rostral spinocerebellar
D. posterior spinocerebellar

A

A. anterior spinocerebellar

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9
Q

A receptor that monitors events within the body is called?

A. proprioceptor
B. exteroceptor
C. enteroceptor
D. Merkel cell

A

C. enteroceptor

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10
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the neurons whose axons form the olfactory nerve?

A. in various nuclear groups within the anterior perforated substance
B. in the olfactory bulb
C. in the olfactory epithelium
D. in none of the above sites

A

B. in the olfactory bulb

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11
Q

Which nucleus is in the midline?

A. medial
B. raphe
C. central
D. paramedian

A

B. Raphe

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12
Q

Where are descending upper motor fibres found?

A. cerebral peduncle
B. pyramid
C. internal capsule
D. all of the above

A

D. all of the above

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13
Q

Why are the neurons of the olfactory epithelium unique?

A. they are the only neurons that continue to be produced and are regularly replaced throughout adult life
B. they are the only primary sensory neurons to have axons that end in the central nervous system
C. their axons have the fastest known conduction velocities
D. they generate impulses in response to tactile stimulation of the skin of the nose

A

A. they are the only neurons that continue to be produced and are regularly replaced throughout adult life

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14
Q

Which cranial nerve carries taste sensations from the back of the throat, including the epiglottis?

A. facial
B. vagus
C. glossopharyngeal
D. hypoglossal

A

B. vagus

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15
Q

Which functional component do the trochlear, oculomotor and hypoglossal nerves have in common?

A. GSE
B. SSE
C. SVE
D. GVE

A

A. GSE

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16
Q

The pelvic splanchnic nerves are composed of _____ fibres

A. sympathetic preganglionic
B. sympathetic postganglionic
C. parasympathetic preganglionic
D. parasympathetic postganglionic

A

C. parasympathetic preganglionic

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17
Q

Which fibre is stimulated by stretching the muscle spindle

A. II
B. IA
C. gamma
D. alpha

A

D. alpha

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18
Q

How much cerebral spinal fluid is flowing through the ventricles, subarachnoid space and cisterns at any given time?

A. 1 L
B. 800 ml
C. 150 ml
D. 35 ml

A

C. 150 ml

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19
Q

Which pair of nerves innervate the tensor tympani and stapedius muscles?

A. chorda tympani and tympanic nerves
B. auditory and glossopharyngeal
C. trigeminal and facial
D. vagus and accessory

A

C. trigeminal and facial

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20
Q

Where is the spiral organ (or Corti) located?

A. scala vestiboli
B. helicotrema
C. cochlear duct
D. scala tympani

A

C. cochlear duct

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21
Q

If a dye, which is a very large molecule, is administered intravenously, it will stain neurons in what location?

A. circumventricular organs
B. amygdala
C. paraventricular nucleus
D. corpus striatum

A

A. circumventricular organs

22
Q

The vestibular system is connected ipsilaterally with which part of the cerebellum

A. paravermal area
B. flocculonodular lobe
C. neocerebellum
D. vermis

A

B. flocculonodular lobe

23
Q

Which are derivatives of neural crest cells?

A. glial cells of the CNS
B. cerebral cortex
C. motor neurons
D. sensory neurons

A

D. sensory neurons

24
Q

There cerebral aqueduct is located in the _____

A. pons
B. diencephalon
C. midbrain
D. medulla oblongata

A

C. midbrain

25
Q

Which dermatome is located on the upper limb?

A. C7
B. T10
C. L3
D. T4

26
Q

Some mitral cell axons cross at the _____

A. hippocampal commissure
B. posterior commissure
C. anterior commissure
D. corpus callosum

A

C. anterior commissure

27
Q

Where are the lower motor neurons that innervate the hand located?

A. central nucleus
B. retrodorsal nucleus
C. intermediolateral nucleus
D. ventromedial nucleus

A

C. intermediolateral nucleus

28
Q

The posterior spinocerebellar tract originates from which nucleus?

A. accessory cuneate
B. dorsal thoracic (Clarke’s)
C. lumbosacral
D. phrenic

A

B. dorsal thoracic (Clarke’s)

29
Q

Ascending fibres of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) end in the:

A. cochlear nuclei
B. vestibular nuclei
C. oculomotor nuclei
D. superior olivary nuclei

A

C. oculomotor nuclei

30
Q

What lobe contains the auditory cortex?

A. temporal
B. occipital
C. parietal
D. frontal

A

A. temporal

31
Q

The cause of the most common basal ganglia disorder is:

A. lesion in the caudate nucleus
B. lesion in the claustrum
C. dopamine depletion in the substantia nigra
D. lesion in the subthalamus

A

C. dopamine depletion in the substantial nigra

32
Q

The Purkinje cells of the pontocerebellum (neocerebellum) projects fibres mainly to the ____ nucleus

A. vestibular
B. dentate
C. globose
D. pontine

A

B. dentate

33
Q

Which thalamic nucleus is a relay for somatosensory pathways?

A. pulvinar
B. ventral lateral
C. ventral posterior
D. medial geniculate

A

A. pulvinar

34
Q

What is the most common type of glial cells?

A. oligodendocyte
B. microglia
C. ependymal cell
D. astrocyte

A

D. astrocyte

35
Q

Where are alpha motor neurons found?

A. tegmentum of the brainstem
B. white matter of the telencephalon
C. anterior surface of the brainstem
D. grey matter of the spinal cord

A

D. grey matter of the spinal cord

36
Q

What is a CNS fibre tract?

A. a tube containing the cerebral spinal fluid
B. a bundle of nerve fibres with the same function
C. a long narrow column of neuronal cell bodies
D. the principal cytoplasmic process of a neuron

A

B. a bundle of nerve fibres with the same function

37
Q

What sulcus/fissure splits the cerebral hemispheres?

A. lateral
B. central
C. rhinal
D. longitudinal

A

D. longitudinal

38
Q

Which artery passes over the corpus callosum

A. anterior cerebral
B. middle cerebral
C. basilar
D. posterior cerebral

A

A. anterior cerebral

39
Q

Which artery supplies most of the lateral column?

A. posterior cerebral
B. superior cerebellar
C. anterior cerebral
D. middle cerebral

A

D. middle cerebral

40
Q

Where are the third order neurons of a somatosensory pathway located?

A. thalamus
B. medulla
C. cerebellum
D. cerebrum

A

A. thalamus

41
Q

Which statement is true?

A. All ascending central axons in the auditory pathway cross the midline in the medulla
B. Crossing of ascending fibres at more than one level provides exclusive representation of the contralateral cochlea in the primary auditory cortex
C. There are both crossed and uncrossed ascending auditory fibres in the pons and midbrain
D. No ascending central axons in the auditory pathway cross the midline at any level

A

C. there are both crossed and uncrossed ascending auditory fibres in the pons and midbrain

42
Q

Normally both pupils respond with constriction when a light is shone into either eye. Identify a lesion in which, when a light is shone onto the right retina, the left pupil responds but the right does not

A. transection of the right oculomotor nerve
B. transection of the left oculomotor nerve
C. transection of the right optic nerve
D. transection of the left optic nerve

A

A. transection of the right oculomotor nerve

43
Q

What kind of receptor is a muscle spindle?

A. chemoreceptor
B. thermoceptor
C. nociceptor
D. mechanoceptor

A

D. mechanoceptor

44
Q

What are the functional units of the central nervous system?

A. sensory units
B. motor units
C. dermatomes
D. neurons

A

D. neurons

45
Q

The principle output neurons of the cerebral cortex are:

A. pyramidal cells
B. stellate cells
C. Purkinje cells
D. fusiform cell

A

A. pyramidal cells

46
Q

The lamina of rexed (spinal lamina of the grey matter) that collectively form the posterior horn of the spinal cord are:

A. I - VI
B. I, II
C. I - V
D. II - VII

47
Q

The sacral elements of the spinal cord may be crushed by a fracture of which vertebrae?

A. L5
B. L3
C. S1
D. L1

A

D. L1 ** I think**

48
Q

What part of the internal capsule lies between the thalamus and putamen?

A. genu
B. retrolenticular area
C. anterior limb
D. posterior limb

A

D. posterior limb

49
Q

In “Monty Python and the Holy Grail,” the characters run away from a big scary bunny rabbit. In this instance their _____ was being used.

A. sympathetic nervous system
B. parasympathetic nervous system

A

A. sympathetic nervous system

50
Q

Which sulcus separates the primary motor cortex from the somatosensory cortex?

A. calcarine
B. lateral
C. central
D. marginal

A

C. central

NEURO CNS (3 decks)

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