DECALCIFICATION

Question 1

What imparts yellow coloration on nitric acid

Answer 1

nitrous acid formation

Question 2

Remedy for Nitric acid

Answer 2

Urea or Na Thiosulfate/sulfate

Question 3

What removes coloration of nitric acid

Answer 3

70% ROH (DHD)

Question 4

Acts as tissue softener; Nitric acid +
Chromic acid + ROH

Answer 4

Perenyi’s fluid

Question 5

fastest agent (simple or compound)

Answer 5

Phloroglucin nitric acid

Question 6

● Provides good nuclear staining at 1% concentration with 70%
alcohol
● Slower and causes more distortion compared to HNO3

Answer 6

HYDROCHLORIC ACID

Question 7

Ideal for teeth and small bones decalcification

Answer 7

VON EBNER’S FLUID

Question 8

● SMALL bone spicules
● GOOD NUCLEAR STAINING
● SLOW, WEAK ACID

Answer 8

TRICHLOROACETIC ACID

Question 9

MINUTE bone spicules

Answer 9

FLEMMING’S FLUID

Question 10

minute/small PIECES OF BONE
weak

Answer 10

SULFUROUS ACID

Question 11

●Use of other salts to form complexes with Ca++ salts
for ease removal
●IHC and enzyme staining, Electron Microscope
●1-3 weeks for small spx, 6-8 weeks for longer &
dense bones
●pH 7.74

Answer 11

CHELATING AGENTS

Question 12

●increase solubility (uses formic acid with TSE:Formic acid of 1:20-30)
●Hastens decalcification by removing calcium ions from formic acid containing decalcifying solutions and at the same time increasing its solubility from the tissue
●Not recommended for HCl and HNO3
●Physical method: bending or poking the tissue sample

Answer 12

ION EXCHANGE RESIN

Question 13

●Attracting calcium ions going to the cathode part of the agarose gel and subsequently removed from the decalcifying solution.
●shorter time for Ca removal due to heat and electrolytic reaction produced in the process

Answer 13

ELECTROPHORESIS