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Death Flashcards

1
Q

A written or oral statement of a person who is dying as a result of some unlawful act, relating to the material facts of cause of his death or bearing on the circumstances

Honored by the court, exception to nonadmissibility of heresay

A

Dying declaration

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2
Q

Wish of someone about to die usually in the hospital not because of unlawful act

A

Death bed wish

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3
Q

Person not heard from for seven years

A

Presumption of death

7 he is probably in heaven

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4
Q

Person not heard from a 75 year old is presumed death after not hearing from him after

A

5 years

For property, money, inheritance

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5
Q

Deliberate and painless acceleration of death of a person suffering from incurable distressing disease

Terminal or incurable disease

A

Euthanasia

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6
Q

If a doctor assists in performing euthanasia what is the doctor guilty of?

A

Criminal liability
Guilt beyond reasonable doubt

Murder

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7
Q

Patient is allowed to die without treatment

A

Orthonasia

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8
Q

AND form

A

Allow natural death

DNR form

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9
Q

Despite signing of DNR

the goal is still for the patient to

A

be free from pain
receive vital basic life essentials
IV fluids and nutrition

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10
Q

52/M
GCS 3
Married
3 children (17, 12, 5)

Who will sign consent form?

A

Wife

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11
Q

52/M

living with mistress
2 children with mistress

Estranged with wife

Who will sign the consent form?

A

Wife

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12
Q

Consent

A

Spouse
Descendant if legal age >18
Ascendant parent, Father (if no legal age children)
Ascendant parent, Mother

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13
Q

There is an attempt to extend the lifespan with extraordinary treatment

A

Dysthanasia

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14
Q

Quantitative determination of the chloride content of the blood in the right and left ventricle

A

Gettler’s Test

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15
Q

For determination of time of death by examination of CSF

A

Schourups formula

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16
Q

Importance of Death Determination

A

Civil personality of a natural person is extinguished by death
Property of a person is transmitted to her heirs at the time of death
Death of a partner is one of the causes of dissolution of partnership agreement (Marriage agreement)
Death of either a principal or agent is a mode of extinguishment of agency
Criminal liability of a person is extinguished by death

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17
Q

Extrajudicial means of death

A

solis

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18
Q

The following may sign the death certificate

A

Attending physician
Municipal health officer if there is no physician
Municipal mayor if there is no health officer or physician
Municipal secretary - in the absence of the mayor
Any councilor

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19
Q

Bases of Estimate for Duration of Interment

A

Presence or abscence of soft tissues still adherent to the bones
Firmess and weight, brittleness, dryness of the bone
Degree of erosion of bone surface
Changes in clothings, coffin, painting

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20
Q

Interment cannot apply for

A

cremation

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21
Q

Removing someone from the ground and exhumating them

A

Disterment

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22
Q

Cessation of the function of 3 systems:

CVS
Respiratory system
CNS

A

Death

Organ Donation Act of 1991

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23
Q

Cells no longer functioning or have metabolic activities or aerobic respiration

Different tissues die at a different rate

A

Cellular death

Molecular death

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24
Q

Organ/tissue decomposition

A

Solis

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25
Complete, persistent and continuous cessation of vital functions The person is irreversibly unconscious not aware of surrounding environment and he is unable to appreciate sensory stimuli or initiate any voluntary movement BP 0 HR 0 No spontaneous respiration Isoelectric ECG flat line
Somatic death | Clinical death
26
3 Phase Criteria in establishing brain death
No reflex, spontaneous breathing, muscular activity No clinical EEG response to noise or pinching (isoelectric EEG) Repetition of 1 and 2 after 24-48 hours No brainstem reflex (pupils dilated, non reactive, no doll’s eye, no corneal reflex) No spontaneous respiration
27
Presumption of Death
Person not heard from for seven years Absentee shall not be presumed for purpose of opening of succession till after 10 years Disappeared after 75 years old - death after 5 years
28
If body is exposed to more than 75 C
Heat stiffening
29
Stiffening of the body when the body is frozen
Cold stiffening
30
Instantaneous rigidity at the moment of death due to extreme nervous tension, exhaustion and injury to the nervous system or chest
Cadaveric spasm | Instantenous rigor
31
The most useful indicator of time of death during the first 24 hours post-mortem Cessation of circulation
Body Cooling | Algor Mortis
32
Cooling of the body Rapid during 1st 2 hours Fall of temperature 15-20 degrees F (-9 C) Certain sign of death
Algor Mortis
33
Rise of temperature of the body after death due to rapid and early putrefactive changes during the first 2 hours after death
Post-mortem Caloricity
34
Post-mortem Caloricity may be observed in
``` STRYCHNINE POISONING Cholera Yellow fever Liver abscess Peritonitis Cerebrospinal fever Meningitis Rheumatic fever Tetanus Smallpox ```
35
Factors affecting algor mortis | Delayed cooling
``` Acute pyrexial diseases Sudden death in good health Obesity Death by asphyxia Death of Middle Age ```
36
Hastened cooling
Leanness of the body Extreme age Long-Standing or lingering illness Chronic pyrexial disease with wasting
37
``` 3-6 hours after death Last 24-36 hrs Whole body is stiff = 12 hours Lactic acid Phosphoric acid ```
Cadaveric Rigidity Death struggle of muscles Rigor mortis
38
Occurs 1-2 hrs after death
Algor mortis
39
Substances responsible for rigor mortis
Lactic acid | Phosphoric acid
40
Rigor mortis is due to
Loss of ATP
41
Rigor mortis starts to develop about
2-3 hours after death
42
Rigor mortis is first detected in
smaller muscle groups | eyes, mouth, jaw and fingers
43
Demontrates the last activity one did prior to death and is therefore significant in forensic investigations eg clinging on a knife tightly
Cadaveric spasm
44
A crude indicator of the mode of death
Color of Hypostasis
45
Cherry pink
CO poisoning
46
Dark blue-pink
Cyanide poisoning
47
Brown
Methemoglobinemia
48
Bronze
Septic abortion caused by C perfringes
49
Pallor
Anemia, hemorrhage or in normal extremes of age
50
Organism associated with abortion
Clostridium perfringes | Clostridium sordelli
51
Organism associated with putrefaction/decomposition
Clostridium welchii
52
Site of hypostasis when the position of the body before death is supine
Shoulders Buttocks Heels pressing against surface give white color (pale)
53
Site of hypostasis when vertical (hanging)
Distally in legs and feet
54
Sites of hypostasis in drowing
Chest Upper chest Upper limbs
55
Sites of hypostasis in face-down death | As in epilepsy, drunked vitcims
Whitening around nose and lips
56
Earliest sign of putrefaction occurs in
right iliac area Near cecum, more bacteria therefore earlier putrefaction
57
Hypostasis is also
Livor mortis
58
Greenish discoloration of skin of anterior abdominal wall most commonly in right iliac fossa (over cecum) due to
sulphmethemoglobin formation
59
The first visible sign of putrefaction occurs in
12-18 hours | greenish discoloration on R iliac fossa
60
Peculiar odour (smell) emitted on opening of the abdomen at autopsy
Rotten eggs hydrogen sulphide
61
Bitter almond odor
cyanide
62
Rotten eggs odor
Hydrogen sulphide
63
Where the sclera remains exposed, two triangles of discoloration appear at each side of the cornea, either brown or black
Tache noire
64
Dark, red-brown stripe that develops horizontallt across eyelids when not closed after death
Tache noir
65
Lungs are distended like balloons Overlapping the heart With rib markings on the surface
Emphysema aquosum Emphysema hydroaerique Death by drowning
66
Due to entrance of water into the air sacs which makes the lungs doughy readily pits on pressure
Edema aquosum Death by drowning
67
Whitish foam which accumulates in the mouth and nostrils
Champignion de
68
Bronze coloration of the head and neck of a dead person observed in drowning
Tete de negri
69
Hemorrhage Usually in lower lobes of lungs in drowning
Paltauf’s hemorrhages
70
Goose skin has no value as a diagnostic sign of death from drowning
Cutis anserina
71
Death due to burning | Heat stiffening
Pugilistic attitude
72
Immediate cause of death in burning
CO poisoning
73
Post Mortem Decomposition
Putrefaction Mummification Adipocrere Skeletelization
74
Pugilistic attitude
UE Flexed + Hands clenched | Flexors are stronger
75
Starts immediately after death at the cellular level Becomes visible in 48-72 h Its onset may be sped up or delayed by several factors mainly: temperature humidity
Putrefaction
76
Two phenomenon for putrefaction
Autolysis | Bacterial action - Clostridium welchii predominates
77
Are the first to be affected by putrefaction
Brain and epithelial tissues
78
Survives for longer periods once putrefaction commences
Heart Uterus Prostate
79
The organs that show putrefactive changes in the following order:
``` Larynx and trachea Stomach, intestines, spleen Liver and lungs Brain Heart Uterus, prostate, kidney Skin muscle, tendon Bone ```
80
Grave wax Fat decomposition which results from hydrolysis and hydrogenation of the lipids (fatty cells) that compose subcutaneous fat tissues
Adipocere
81
Fat decomposition results from
Hydrolysis Hydrogenation Saponification
82
Fatty tissues of the body are transformed to soft brownish-white Waxy material, rancid or moldy odor, floats in water
Saponification | Adipocere formation
83
Prominence of superficial veins with reddish discoloration during decomposition
Marbolization
84
Autolytic postmortem process that occurs in intrauterine deaths It is caused by endogenous enzymes
Maceration
85
the shriveling up of a tissue, as in dry gangrene, or of a dead, retained fetus Dry, shriveled up
Mummification
86
Types of Death
Somatic death Molecular death State of Suspended Animation/Apparent death

Legal Medicine (7 decks)

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