Dealing with offending behaviour Flashcards

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1
Q

Custodial sentencing

A

A judicial sentence determined by a court
Offender is punished by serving time in prison
Or in any other institution

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2
Q

Purpose of custodial sentencing

A
  1. Deterrence
  2. Incapacitation
  3. Rehabilitation
  4. Retribution
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3
Q
  1. Deterrence
A

The idea that prisons should be an unpleasant experience so they won’t ever want to go back

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4
Q
  1. Incapacitation
A

Taking criminals off the street to keep society safer
Stops them from committing further crimes

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5
Q
  1. Retribution
A

Society taking revenge on a criminal by taking away their freedom
Makes them pay for the crimes they’ve committed

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6
Q
  1. Rehabilitation
A

Idea that prisons can reform prisoners through training, therapy and education
Ensures prisoners leave as better people as well as being more employable

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7
Q

Psychological affects of custodial sentencing

A
  1. Depression
  2. Stress
  3. Institutionalisation
  4. Prisonation
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8
Q

Stress and depression

A

CURT BARTOL (1995)
Suicide rates are 15% higher than the general population
More at risk- Single men under 24 in the first 24 hours of custody
25% women and 15% men reported symptoms of psychosis
Custodial sentencing isn’t effecting in rehabilitating those who are particularity psychological vulnerable

ABRAMSON (1989)
Depression is caused by both helplessness and hopelessness
In 2018 there were 10,000 known incidents of self harm

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9
Q

Institutionalisation

A

Having adapted to the norms of prison life may make it hard to adapt to life outside

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10
Q

Prisonisation

A

Behaviour is unacceptable outside of the prison are encouraged
Some behaviours are encouraged and rewarded which wouldn’t be in the real world

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11
Q

Effectiveness of prisons

A

50% don’t have the skills required for 96% of jobs
50% have been excluded from school
May not have reached the literacy and numeracy levels accepted by an 11 year old

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12
Q

Behaviour modification

A

Involves increasing and decreasing negative behaviours by manipulating the environment

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13
Q

Token economies

A

A technique used in behaviour therapy to reinforce the behaviour by giving tokens for appropriate behaviour
(can be cashed in for something desirable)

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14
Q

Miltenberger’s 7 components of behaviour modification

A
  1. Target behaviours are identified
  2. Types of tokens are decided
  3. Primary reinforces are decided
  4. Reinforcement schedule
  5. Exchange criterion- How many tokens/positive entries are needed for the final reward
  6. Time/place for exchange to take place
  7. Penalty/fine for engaging in undesirable behaviours

After a target behaviour is established a baseline is indetifies
Progress is monitored

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15
Q

Hobbs + Holt (1976)

A

Introduced token economy programme with groups of young delinquents across 3 behavioural units
Observed a significant difference in positive behaviour compared to a non-token economy control group

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16
Q

Rice et al (1990)

A

Behaviour modification increased positive behaviours
When stopped, desirable behaviour stopped

17
Q

Anger management

A

Form of CBT
Aims to change the way a person thinks before the way they act
NOVACO (1975)- Anger management programme to identify triggers and deal with them in a positive and calm manner

18
Q

3 stages of anger management

A
  1. Cognitive penetration
  2. Skill acquisition
  3. Application practise
19
Q

Cognitive penetration

A

Reflect on past behaviours and identify situations that trigger anger
Thought patterns are challenged to help recognise response is irrational

20
Q

Skill acquisition

A

New coping skills are learnt to help avoid triggers and deal with things more rationally
Learn to control emotions
Relaxation techniques like stop and think are learnt

21
Q

Application practice

A

Offenders practise their new skills through role play
The therapist deliberately provokes them to see how they react
The therapist positively reinforces successful strategies
Done in a controlled and safe environment

22
Q

Ireland (2000)

A

Investigation of whether anger management courses work
Natural experiment compared a group of 50 prisoners who completed CALM and a group of 37 who were assessed as suitable but didnt complete CALM
Prisoners who completed CALM rated themselves as lower on the anger questionnaire and rated lower than controls
92% showed improvements on at least one measure of aggression and anger

23
Q

Who uses anger management

A

Prisoners
Ex-offenders who are seeing probationary period
Lasts 10 sessions in small groups of around 10 people

24
Q

Restorative Justice

A

System of dealing with criminal behaviour
Involves supervised medication
Voluntary for those involved
Seeks a positive outcome
Helps offenders see the impact of their crime

25
Q

Fight or flight response

A

Adrenaline causes physiological changes in the body
Prisoners f or f response leads to anger then physical violence