DE Anatomy: Chapter 11 test Flashcards
works with the nervous system to maintain homeostasis
Endocrine system
affects neighboring cells
paracrine
affects itself
autocrine
cells that target hormones diffuse from the interstitial fluid into the bloodstream
target cells
synthesized from cholesterol, are lipid-soluble, and can pass through cell membranes
steroid hormone
process of chemical communication, from outside cells to inside
signal transduction
a second messenger molecule in a signal transduction pathway. activates protein enzymes that activate proteins.
cycle AMP
resulting hormone- receptor complex complex activates a membrane protein
G protein
a group of biochemicals which regulates cells
Prostaglandins
enzyme which is a membrane protein
adenylate cyclase
what is the function of the endocrine system?
to communicate with cells using hormones.
endocrine glands and their hormones regulate what?
a number of metabolic processes within cells, and the whole body
what do endocrine glands include?
- pituitary gland
- thyroid gland
- parathyroid gland
- adrenal gland
- pancreas
- pineal gland
- reproductive gland (ovaries and testes)
- thymus glands
- and other hormone secreting tissues
what are the types of hormone?
- steroids
- amines
- peptides
- proteins
- glycoproteins
what are steroids formed from?
cholesterol
what are amines formed from?
amino acids
what are peptides formed from?
amino acids
what are polypeptides and proteins formed from?
amino acids
what are glycoproteins formed from?
protein and carbohydrate
where are the receptors for steroids located?
in the target cell’s nucleus
what binds with the DNA and activates specific genes that, in turn, direct the synthesis of specific proteins?
hormone receptor complex
What do the receptors of non-steroid hormones have?
binding and active sites
What effects do prostaglandins produce?
- some relax smooth muscle
- others contract smooth muscles
- some stimulate secretion of other hormones or chemicals
- some influence blood pressure
- others affect reproductive physiology
a system of blood vessels in the brain that connects to the hypothalamus with the anterior pituitary. its main function is the transport and exchange of hormones to allow a fast communication between both glands.
hypophyseal portal
