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DE Anatomy > DE Anatomy: Chapter 11 test > Flashcards

DE Anatomy: Chapter 11 test Flashcards

1
Q

works with the nervous system to maintain homeostasis

A

Endocrine system

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2
Q

affects neighboring cells

A

paracrine

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3
Q

affects itself

A

autocrine

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4
Q

cells that target hormones diffuse from the interstitial fluid into the bloodstream

A

target cells

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5
Q

synthesized from cholesterol, are lipid-soluble, and can pass through cell membranes

A

steroid hormone

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6
Q

process of chemical communication, from outside cells to inside

A

signal transduction

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7
Q

a second messenger molecule in a signal transduction pathway. activates protein enzymes that activate proteins.

A

cycle AMP

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8
Q

resulting hormone- receptor complex complex activates a membrane protein

A

G protein

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9
Q

a group of biochemicals which regulates cells

A

Prostaglandins

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10
Q

enzyme which is a membrane protein

A

adenylate cyclase

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11
Q

what is the function of the endocrine system?

A

to communicate with cells using hormones.

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12
Q

endocrine glands and their hormones regulate what?

A

a number of metabolic processes within cells, and the whole body

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13
Q

what do endocrine glands include?

A
  • pituitary gland
  • thyroid gland
  • parathyroid gland
  • adrenal gland
  • pancreas
  • pineal gland
  • reproductive gland (ovaries and testes)
  • thymus glands
  • and other hormone secreting tissues
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14
Q

what are the types of hormone?

A
  • steroids
  • amines
  • peptides
  • proteins
  • glycoproteins
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15
Q

what are steroids formed from?

A

cholesterol

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16
Q

what are amines formed from?

A

amino acids

17
Q

what are peptides formed from?

A

amino acids

18
Q

what are polypeptides and proteins formed from?

A

amino acids

19
Q

what are glycoproteins formed from?

A

protein and carbohydrate

20
Q

where are the receptors for steroids located?

A

in the target cell’s nucleus

21
Q

what binds with the DNA and activates specific genes that, in turn, direct the synthesis of specific proteins?

A

hormone receptor complex

22
Q

What do the receptors of non-steroid hormones have?

A

binding and active sites

23
Q

What effects do prostaglandins produce?

A
  • some relax smooth muscle
  • others contract smooth muscles
  • some stimulate secretion of other hormones or chemicals
  • some influence blood pressure
  • others affect reproductive physiology
24
Q

a system of blood vessels in the brain that connects to the hypothalamus with the anterior pituitary. its main function is the transport and exchange of hormones to allow a fast communication between both glands.

A

hypophyseal portal

25
Q

a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans and other animals.

A

growth hormone

26
Q

a protein that in humans is best known for its role in enabling mammals to produce milk

A

prolactin

27
Q

a pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine, and then triiodothyronine, which stimulates the metabolism of at least every tissue in the body

A

thyroid stimulating hormones

28
Q

a disorder in adults in which the pituitary glands produces too much growth hormones

A

acromegaly

29
Q

a polypeptide tropic hormone produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland

A

ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone)

30
Q

increases the amount of GH released

A

GHRH (Growth hormone releasing hormone)

31
Q

what are the types of diabetes?

A

mellitus (type 1 and type 2), and insipitus (insufficient ADH)

32
Q

produces its effect by causing the kidneys to conserve water

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

33
Q

increases blood calcium ion concentration and decreases phosphate ion concentration

A

parathyroid hormone

DE Anatomy (5 decks)

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