DCM

Question 1

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Answer 1

the heart muscle becomes weak and enlarged and cannot pump
blood effectively. - feeling tired, leg swelling, and shortness of
breath and may result in chest pain or fainting.

Question 2

Etiology

Answer 2

Genetic Causes, Non-genetic Causes and Idiopathic

Question 3

Genetic Causes

Answer 3

Autosomal dominant: Passed down from one parent.
Autosomal recessive: Passed down from both parents.
X-linked recessive: Linked to the X chromosome.
Mitochondrial inheritance: Involves the energy-producing parts of cells.

Question 4

Non-genetic Causes

Answer 4

Infections
Toxins (e.g., alcohol, drugs)
Chemotherapy (for cancer)
Heavy metals
Other diseases

Question 5

DCM characteristics

Answer 5

cardiac dilation (all 4
chambers)
- wall thinning
- myocyte hypertrophy,
thinning and/or irregularity
- contractile (systolic)
dysfunction
- cardiac hypertrophy

Question 6

DCM: Clinical Manifestations symptoms

Answer 6

Dyspnea and orthopnea: Patients often have shortness of breath (dyspnea), especially when lying down (orthopnea).
Reduced exercise tolerance: They get tired quickly during physical activity.
Reduced ejection fraction: The heart’s ability to pump blood is weakened, with the ejection fraction (the amount of blood pumped out with each beat) dropping to as low as 25% (normal is 50-70%).
Blood stasis: Blood can pool in the heart chambers, increasing the risk of blood clots (thrombus) that can break off and cause blockages in the body (embolus).
Mitral valve regurgitation: The mitral valve may not close properly, causing blood to leak backward into the heart.
Abnormal rhythms: The heart may develop irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias).