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DC CIRCUIT Flashcards

1
Q

SOURCE

A

A source is a device which converts mechanical chemical thermal and some other form of energy into electrical energy

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2
Q

forcing function of voltage and current source

A

Voltage source has forcing function of emf whereas current source has a forcing function of current

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3
Q

Forcing function

A

A forcing function is any task, activity or event that forces one to take action and produce a result.

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4
Q

ideal voltage source

A

A voltage source is a two-terminal device whose voltage at any instant of time is constant and is independent of the current drawn from it.

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5
Q

internal resistance in ideal voltage source

A

they have zero internal resistance.

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6
Q

Practical voltage source

A

Sources having some amount of internal resistances are
known as Practical Voltage Source

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7
Q

Terminal voltage is low in practical voltage source

A

Due to internal
resistance; voltage drop takes place, and it causes the
terminal voltage to reduce

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8
Q

Ideal voltage source symbol

A
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9
Q

VI graph for Ideal voltage source

A
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10
Q

VI graph for practical sources of voltage

A
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11
Q

Ideal current source

A

An ideal current source is a two-terminal circuit element which supplies the same current to any load resistance connected across its terminals.

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12
Q

Property of ideal current source

A

It is important to keep in mind that the current supplied by the current
source is independent of the voltage of source terminals. It has infinite resistance.

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13
Q

Ideal current source
symbol

A
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14
Q

Practical current source
symbol

A
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15
Q

electrical source

A

The source which supplies the active power to the network is known as the electrical source.

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16
Q

wdym by independent and dependent sources

A

The Independent and Dependent source means, whether the voltage or current sources are either depending upon
some other source, or they are acting independently.

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17
Q

independent sources

A

Independent sources are that which does not depend on any other quantity in the circuit. They are two-terminal devices and has a constant value, i.e. the voltage across the two terminals remains constant irrespective of all
circuit conditions.

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18
Q

ideal independent source

A

An ideal independent source is an active element that provides a specified
voltage or current that is completely independent of other circuit variables

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19
Q

dependent sources

A

An ideal independent source is an active element that provides a specified
voltage or current that is completely independent of other circuit variables

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20
Q

general form of value of dependant source

A

The general form for the value of a dependent source is Y=kX where X
and Y are currents and voltages and k is the proportionality factor.

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21
Q

Types of dependent sources

A

There are four possible dependent sources:
1)the voltage-controlled voltage source (VCVS),
2)the current-controlled voltage source (CCVS),
3) the voltage-controlled current source (VCCS), and
4)the current-controlled current source (CCCS)

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22
Q

Representation of dependent sources

A
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23
Q

Voltage Controlled Voltage Source
(VCVS)

A

In voltage-controlled voltage source, the voltage source is
dependent on any element of the circuit

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24
Q

Voltage Controlled Current Source
(VCCS)

A

In the voltage controlled current source, the current of the
source iab depends on the voltage across the terminal cd
(Vcd)

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25
Current Controlled Voltage Source (CCVS)
In the current controlled voltage source voltage source of the network depends upon the current of the network Icd
26
Current Controlled Current Source (CCCS)
In the Current Controlled Current Source, the current source is dependent on the current of the branch another
27
Active Element
active components supplies power into a circuit and are capable of electrically controlling and amplifying the flow of electrical current Ex: * Voltage sources *Current sources *Generators *Transistors *Diodes
27
Passive Element:
passive component can only receive energy, which it can either dissipate or absorb. These components are incapable of providing any gain in energy and current Examples: * Resistors * Inductors * Capacitors * Transformers
28
how are voltage source an active element
A Voltage Sources is an example of an active component in a circuit. When current leaves from the positive terminal of the voltage source, energy is being supplied to the circuit. As per the definition of an active element, a battery can also be considered as an active element, as it continuously delivers energy to the circuit during discharging.
29
how are current sources an active element
current source is also considered an active component. The current supplied to the circuit by an ideal current source is independent of circuit voltage. As a current source is controlling the flow of charge in a circuit, it is classified as an active element
30
how are transistors considered an active element
Although not as obvious as a current or voltage source – transistors are also an active circuit component. This is because transistors are able to amplify the power of a signal As this amplification is essentially controlling the flow of charge – transistors are hence classified as an active component
31
how is resistor a passive element
A resistor is taken as a passive element since it can not deliver any energy to a circuit. Instead resistors can only receive energy which they can dissipate as heat as long as current flows through it.
32
how is inductor a passive element
Inductors: An inductor is also considered as passive element of circuit, because it can store energy in it as a magnetic field, and can deliver that energy to the circuit, but not in continuous basis. The energy absorbing and delivering capacity of an inductor is limited and transient in nature. That is why an inductor is taken as a passive element of a circuit.
33
how is capacitor a passive element
Capacitors:A capacitor is considered as a passive element because it can store energy in it as electric field. The energy dealing capacity of a capacitor is limited and transient – it is not actually supplying energy, it is storing it for later use. As such it is not considered an active component since no energy is being supplied or amplified.
34
how is transformer a passive element
Transformers:Atransformeris also a passive electronic component. Although this can seem surprising since transformers are often used to raise voltage levels – remember that power is kept constant.When transformers step up (or step down) voltage, power and energy remain the same on the primary and secondary side. As energy is not actually being amplified – a transformer is classified as a passive element
35
Unilateral Elements
Unilateral elements are those for which the V-I characteristics change when the polarity of the applied voltage is reversed. Ex: diode, Transistor
36
Bilateral elements
in Bilateral elements V-I characteristics remain the same on reversing the voltage polarity Ex: resistance, inductance and conductance
37
Ohm law
Ohm’s law states that the voltage v across a resistor is directly proportional to the current i flowing through the resistor or V∝I Ohm defined the constant of proportionality for a resistor to be the resistance,R V=IR
38
Branch
A branch represents a single element such as a voltage source,current source or a resistor
39
Node
A node is the point of connection between two or more branches
40
Loop
A loop is any closed path in a circuit
41
Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL)
KCL is is based on the law of conservation of charge, which requires that the algebraic sum of charges within a system cannot change Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL) states :algebraic sum of all the currents meeting at a node (or Junction) is zero or The sum of the currents entering a node is equal to the sum of the currents leaving the node.
42
Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL)
KVL is based on the principle of conservation of energy Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL) states that the algebraic sum of all voltages around a closed path (or loop) is zero or Sum of voltage drops = Sum of voltage rise
43
Resistance in series:
The equivalent resistance of any number of resistors connected in series is the sum of the individual resistance
44
Resistance in parallel:
The equivalent resistance of two parallel resistors is equal to the product of their resistances divided by their sum.
45
voltage in parallel resistors
46
current division rule
47
power in DC circuit
power supply=Ps power absorb=Pa power dissipate=Pd Ps = Pa + Pd
48
relation btw Ps and Pa
VI = Ps= Pa
49
Pd formula
Pd = VI = I2R
50
Mesh analysis aka
Mesh analysis is also known as loop analysis or the mesh-current method.
51
mesh
A mesh is a loop which does not contain any other loops within it
52
mesh analysis
Mesh analysis provides procedure for analyzing circuits, using mesh currents as the circuit variables.
53
why use mesh currents
Using mesh currents instead of element currents as circuit variables is convenient and reduces the number of equations that must be solved simultaneously
54
mesh current
The current through a mesh is known as mesh current.
55
Source conversion
56
supermesh
when there is current source between two loops then supermesh is formed in the circuits of mesh analysis
57
Nodal analysis
Nodal analysis provides a general procedure for analyzing circuits using node voltages as the circuit variables.
58
node
A node is defined as a junction of two or more branches.
59
superposition theorem
The superposition principle states that the voltage across (or current through) an element in a linear circuit is the algebraic sum of the voltages across (or currents through) that element due to each independent source acting alone
60
ways to determine value of specific variable when there are more than 1 independent sources
nodal analysis mesh analysis superposition
61
thevenin theorem
Current through any load resistance connected across any two points of an active network can be obtained by dividing the pd btw these two points with the load resistance disconnected by the sum of load resistance and resistance of the network measured btw these points with load resistance disconnected and sources of emf replaced by their internal resistances
62
Norton theorem
Current through any load resistance connected across any two points of a linear active network can be obtained by reducing the network across the load terminals by a single current source and a parallel resistance

BEEE (5 decks)

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