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BEEE > DC CIRCUIT > Flashcards

DC CIRCUIT Flashcards

1
Q

SOURCE

A

A source is a device which converts mechanical chemical thermal and some other form of energy into electrical energy

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2
Q

forcing function of voltage and current source

A

Voltage source has forcing function of emf whereas current source has a forcing function of current

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3
Q

Forcing function

A

A forcing function is any task, activity or event that forces one to take action and produce a result.

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4
Q

ideal voltage source

A

A voltage source is a two-terminal device whose voltage at any instant of time is constant and is independent of the current drawn from it.

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5
Q

internal resistance in ideal voltage source

A

they have zero internal resistance.

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6
Q

Practical voltage source

A

Sources having some amount of internal resistances are
known as Practical Voltage Source

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7
Q

Terminal voltage is low in practical voltage source

A

Due to internal
resistance; voltage drop takes place, and it causes the
terminal voltage to reduce

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8
Q

Ideal voltage source symbol

A
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9
Q

VI graph for Ideal voltage source

A
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10
Q

VI graph for practical sources of voltage

A
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11
Q

Ideal current source

A

An ideal current source is a two-terminal circuit element which supplies the same current to any load resistance connected across its terminals.

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12
Q

Property of ideal current source

A

It is important to keep in mind that the current supplied by the current
source is independent of the voltage of source terminals. It has infinite resistance.

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13
Q

Ideal current source
symbol

A
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14
Q

Practical current source
symbol

A
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15
Q

electrical source

A

The source which supplies the active power to the network is known as the electrical source.

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16
Q

wdym by independent and dependent sources

A

The Independent and Dependent source means, whether the voltage or current sources are either depending upon
some other source, or they are acting independently.

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17
Q

independent sources

A

Independent sources are that which does not depend on any other quantity in the circuit. They are two-terminal devices and has a constant value, i.e. the voltage across the two terminals remains constant irrespective of all
circuit conditions.

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18
Q

ideal independent source

A

An ideal independent source is an active element that provides a specified
voltage or current that is completely independent of other circuit variables

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19
Q

dependent sources

A

An ideal independent source is an active element that provides a specified
voltage or current that is completely independent of other circuit variables

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20
Q

general form of value of dependant source

A

The general form for the value of a dependent source is Y=kX where X
and Y are currents and voltages and k is the proportionality factor.

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21
Q

Types of dependent sources

A

There are four possible dependent sources:
1)the voltage-controlled voltage source (VCVS),
2)the current-controlled voltage source (CCVS),
3) the voltage-controlled current source (VCCS), and
4)the current-controlled current source (CCCS)

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22
Q

Representation of dependent sources

A
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23
Q

Voltage Controlled Voltage Source
(VCVS)

A

In voltage-controlled voltage source, the voltage source is
dependent on any element of the circuit

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24
Q

Voltage Controlled Current Source
(VCCS)

A

In the voltage controlled current source, the current of the
source iab depends on the voltage across the terminal cd
(Vcd)

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25
Q

Current Controlled Voltage Source
(CCVS)

A

In the current controlled voltage source voltage source of
the network depends upon the current of the network Icd

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26
Q

Current Controlled Current Source
(CCCS)

A

In the Current Controlled Current Source, the current source
is dependent on the current of the branch another

27
Q

Active Element

A

active components supplies power into a circuit and are
capable of electrically controlling and amplifying the flow of electrical current
Ex:
* Voltage sources
*Current sources
*Generators
*Transistors
*Diodes

27
Q

Passive Element:

A

passive component can only receive energy, which it can
either dissipate or absorb. These components are incapable of providing any gain in energy and current
Examples:
* Resistors
* Inductors
* Capacitors
* Transformers

28
Q

how are voltage source an active element

A

A Voltage Sources is an example of an active component in a circuit. When current leaves from the positive terminal of the voltage source, energy is being supplied to the circuit. As per the definition of an active element, a battery can also be considered as an active element, as it continuously delivers energy to the circuit during discharging.

29
Q

how are current sources an active element

A

current source is also considered an active component. The current supplied to the circuit by an ideal current source is independent of circuit
voltage. As a current source is controlling the flow of charge in a circuit, it is classified as an active element

30
Q

how are transistors considered an active element

A

Although not as obvious as a current or voltage source – transistors are also an active circuit component. This is because transistors are able to amplify the power of a signal As this amplification is essentially controlling the flow of charge – transistors are hence classified as an
active component

31
Q

how is resistor a passive element

A

A resistor is taken as a passive element since it can not
deliver any energy to a circuit. Instead resistors can only receive energy which they can dissipate as heat as long as current flows through it.

32
Q

how is inductor a passive element

A

Inductors: An inductor is also considered as passive element of circuit, because it can store energy in it as a magnetic field, and can deliver that energy to the circuit, but not in continuous basis. The energy absorbing and delivering capacity of an inductor is limited and transient in nature.
That is why an inductor is taken as a passive element of a circuit.

33
Q

how is capacitor a passive element

A

Capacitors:A capacitor is considered as a passive element because it can store energy in it as electric field. The energy dealing capacity of a capacitor is limited and transient – it is not actually supplying energy, it is storing it for later use. As such it is not considered an active component since no energy is being supplied or amplified.

34
Q

how is transformer a passive element

A

Transformers:Atransformeris also a passive electronic component. Although this can seem surprising since transformers are often used to
raise voltage levels – remember that power is kept constant.When transformers step up (or step down) voltage, power and energy remain the same on the primary and secondary side. As energy is not actually being amplified – a transformer is classified as a passive element

35
Q

Unilateral Elements

A

Unilateral elements are those for which the V-I characteristics change when the polarity of the applied voltage is reversed.
Ex: diode, Transistor

36
Q

Bilateral elements

A

in Bilateral elements V-I characteristics remain the same on reversing the voltage polarity
Ex: resistance, inductance and conductance

37
Q

Ohm law

A

Ohm’s law states that the voltage v across a resistor is directly proportional to the current i flowing through the resistor or V∝I
Ohm defined the constant of proportionality for a resistor to be the resistance,R
V=IR

38
Q

Branch

A

A branch represents a single element such as a voltage source,current source or a resistor

39
Q

Node

A

A node is the point of connection between two or more branches

40
Q

Loop

A

A loop is any closed path in a circuit

41
Q

Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL)

A

KCL is is based on the law of conservation of charge,
which requires that the algebraic sum of charges
within a system cannot change
Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL) states :algebraic sum of all the currents meeting at a node (or Junction) is zero
or
The sum of the currents entering a node is equal to the
sum of the currents leaving the node.

42
Q

Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL)

A

KVL is based on the principle of conservation of energy
Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL) states that the
algebraic sum of all voltages around a closed path
(or loop) is zero
or
Sum of voltage drops = Sum of voltage rise

43
Q

Resistance in series:

A

The equivalent resistance of any number of resistors connected in series is the sum of the individual resistance

44
Q

Resistance in parallel:

A

The equivalent resistance of two parallel resistors is equal to the product of their resistances divided by their sum.

45
Q

voltage in parallel resistors

A
46
Q

current division rule

A
47
Q

power in DC circuit

A

power supply=Ps
power absorb=Pa
power dissipate=Pd

Ps = Pa + Pd

48
Q

relation btw Ps and Pa

A

VI = Ps= Pa

49
Q

Pd formula

A

Pd = VI = I2R

50
Q

Mesh analysis aka

A

Mesh analysis is also known as loop analysis or the mesh-current method.

51
Q

mesh

A

A mesh is a loop which does not contain any other loops within it

52
Q

mesh analysis

A

Mesh analysis provides procedure for analyzing circuits, using mesh currents as the circuit variables.

53
Q

why use mesh currents

A

Using mesh currents instead of element currents as circuit variables is convenient and reduces the number of equations that must be solved simultaneously

54
Q

mesh current

A

The current through a mesh is known as mesh current.

55
Q

Source conversion

A
56
Q

supermesh

A

when there is current source between two loops then
supermesh is formed in the circuits of mesh analysis

57
Q

Nodal analysis

A

Nodal analysis provides a general procedure for analyzing circuits using node voltages as the circuit variables.

58
Q

node

A

A node is defined as a junction of two or more branches.

59
Q

superposition theorem

A

The superposition principle states that the voltage across (or current through) an element in a linear circuit is the algebraic sum of the voltages across (or currents through) that element due to each independent source acting alone

60
Q

ways to determine value of specific variable when there are more than 1 independent sources

A

nodal analysis
mesh analysis
superposition

61
Q

thevenin theorem

A

Current through any load resistance connected across any two points of an active network can be obtained by dividing the pd btw these two points with the load resistance disconnected by the sum of load resistance and resistance of the network measured btw these points with load resistance disconnected and sources of emf replaced by their internal resistances

62
Q

Norton theorem

A

Current through any load resistance connected across any two points of a linear active network can be obtained by reducing the network across the load terminals by a single current source and a parallel resistance

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