Day Three theory- Rum And Tequila Flashcards
What did Christopher Columbus take to the Central America in 1492 and plant there?
Sugarcane
What two products can be used to make rum?
Sugar cane and molasses
When did column distillation make it to the Caribbean?
1848
What reached the Caribbean islands in 1848?
Column-distillation
When was Bacardi founded?
1862
What are the two types of rum and what are the differences?
Rhum Agricole (made from sugar cane directly)
Rhum Industrielle (made from the byproduct molasses)
How long is the fermentation process for rum?
Half a day to several days
What is Rhum Agricole?
Rhum Agricole (made from sugar cane directly)
What is Rhum Industrielle?
Rhum Industrielle (made from the byproduct molasses)
What two ways can rum be distilled?
Pot or column distillation
What difference does it make what height you draw rum from a column still?
The purest rum and the one richest in alcohol, is drawn from the top of the column. Drawing from the bottom leaves you with a heavier and more aromatic rum, with a low alcohol percentage.
What is a lot of rum aged in?
Old whiskey casks made of American white oak
What are the four geographical classifications of rum?
The French islands
Cuba
Jamaica
Guyana (Demerara)
French islands rum (read)
Almost exclusively rum agricole
Produced directly from cane juice, not molasses
Single column still
Most rum agricole originates from Martinique or Guadalupe
Cuban rum (read)
Famous brands include Havana club and Bacardi
Bacardi is no longer made in Cuba- only Havana club carries the Cuban warranty seal
Jamaican rum (read)
Pot distilled
Dark, very aromatic, has its own individual style
Guyana/Demerara rum (read)
Very sweet, almost caramelised
Prouduced on the banks of the Demerara river
15 year old El Dorado rum is ranked highly among the worlds aged rums
Cachaça rum (read)
Produced from cane juice, and consequently, bears a slight resemblance to rum agricole
Classic rum brands
Bacardi Havana club Captain Morgan's Appleton El Dorado La Mauny Sailor Jerry's
When was Bacardi founded and by who?
1862, by Facundo Bacardi
Where is Bacardi produced mainly today?
Puerto Rico - moved operations during Castro’s reforms
When was Havana club founded and by who?
1872 by José Archebala
When was captain Morgan’s founded and by who and where?
Jamaica, 1940s, by Seagram’s
When was Appleton rum founded and which famous distillery now owns it?
1749, Wray and Nephew distillery
When was El Dorado rum founded and by who?
1992 by Demerara Distillers
When was La Mauny Rum founded, where and which Liqeuer manufacturer now owns it?
Martinique, 1920, Marie Brizzard
Which early civilisation began drinking tequila, or pulque as it was then known, and when?
Olmecs in Mesoamerica over 3,000 years ago
Who discovered the Caribbean islands and when?
Christopher Columbus in 1492
What was the discovery that turned pulque to mescal?
That boiling the heart of the agave plant released the juice and made it easier to ferment and distill it
What does mescal mean?
Agave heart
What is the preferred agave for tequila?
Blue agave plant, Agave Azul Tequilana Weber
How long does it take for the agave plant, known as Maguey, to grow to make tequila?
8-10years
How is tequila distilled and in what?
Twice in Alambic Charentaise pot stills
What standardised rules is Tequila subject to?
NOM (Normas Oficiales Mexicana)
Tequila can only be produced from agave that grows in the following areas:
Jalisco Tamaulipas Nayarit Guanajuato Michoacan
What is the minimum amount of agave used in tequila? And what makes up the other 49%
51%
Other sugars, typically sugar cane juice
What are tequilas of less than 100% agave known as?
Mixto
Facts about 100% agave tequila and the four subcategories
Must contain 100% agave
May only be bottles in a distillery in Mexico
Blanco, reposado, anejo, reserva
Facts about Mixto tequila and the four subcategories
Has to have at least 51% agave juice from the blue agave plant
Can be exported and bottled in other countries
Blanco, Oro, Reposado and Anejo
Fact about blanco tequila
Original tequila
Bottled imeadiatekg after distillation
What is reposado tequila?
Blanco tequila maturer in white oak casks (called pipones) for more than two months but up to one year
What is anejo tequila?
Blanco tequila matured in white oak casks for at least one year
What is reserva tequila?
Not regulated by law but some manufactures age it for up to 8 years
What are the 5 subcategories of tequila?
Blanco Oro/gold Reposado Anejo Reserva
Classic brands of tequila
Jose Cuervo Olmeca Sierra Herradura Patron
