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EBS > Day Seven Theory- Whisk(e)y > Flashcards

Day Seven Theory- Whisk(e)y Flashcards

1
Q

What does Uisge Beatha mean?

A

Water of life

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2
Q

When was whiskey (or Uisge Beatha) first referred to in scripture in Ireland and Scotland?

A

1405 - Ireland

1494 - Scotland

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3
Q

How long has whisky been produced in Scotland and Ireland for?

A

More than 700 years

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4
Q

What happened in 1494? (Whisky)

A

Fr. John Corr was allowed to take grain from the royal house to make Aqua vita for the king

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5
Q

What act was introduced in 1823 and what did it mean?

A

The duke of Gordon act - British government enforced new tax on distilleries: charged distilleries per still

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6
Q

When did Glenlivet become the first licensed distillery?

A

1824

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7
Q

What happened in 1824? (Whisky)

A

Glenlivet became the first licensed distillery

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8
Q

Which whiskey distillery became the first one to be licensed and when?

A

Glenlivet in 1824

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9
Q

What is whisky mostly produced from?

A

Barley

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10
Q

Where did the name ‘whiskey’ come from?

A

The Gaelic origin of ‘water of life’ as monks were searching for medicinal liquid… Uisge Beatha

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11
Q

5 important steps of producing whiskey

A 
Malting 
Mashing
Fermentation
Distillation 
Maturation/aging
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12
Q

What is malting and why do we do it?

A

Soaking the grain (commonly barley) in water until it starts to germinate, then dry it immediately to stop the growth, which provokes a chemical reaction; transforming the starch in the grain to sugar.

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13
Q

What is mashing and why do we do it to whisky?

A

Crushes malted grain into a flour, known as ‘grist’, then hot water is added to create what is known as a ‘mash’.
It is done because the addition of the hot water draws the sugars out of the grain, creating a rich barley sugar liquid

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14
Q

What can be used to dry the malt in Scotch whiskey, generating the smoked flavour that is so distinctive?

A

Peat

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15
Q

What is the process that occurs in fermentation?

A

Yeast+sugar+water–> alcohol+CO2+heat

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16
Q

What happens in the fermentation of whisky?

A

The mash is mixed with yeast, process takes approximately 2 days, during which the yeast turns the sugar to alcohol = beer like liquid with an ABV of 5-8%

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17
Q

Why is a pot still commonly made from copper?

A

Good conductor/distributor of heat and easily shaped

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18
Q

What is the difference in Scottish and Irish distillation of whiskey traditions

A

Scotland distils twice

Ireland distils three times

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19
Q

What is Whiskey aged in?

A

American white oak casks

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20
Q

Why is American White oak better than European for casks?

A

1% tannin (unlike 8% in European oak)
Has lactone for tropical notes
1% eulogen for spice
Impermeable structure

21
Q

What 3 types of maturation occur during the aging of whiskey?

A

Addictive- wood->spirit
Interactive- within spirit
Subtractive- angels share, lost through expand and contract (breathing) of cask

22
Q

Approximately how old is the American white oak used for whiskey casks?

A

90 years old

23
Q

What is the ‘perfect’ percentage to put whiskey into the cask?

A

63.5% so it reacts well with the wood

24
Q

What percentage of the final flavour is believed to come from the wood?

A

70%

25
Q

By law, how long must whiskey be aged (minimum) ?

A

3 years and one day

26
Q

Most important of the classification of scotch whisky?

A

It may not be bottled at less than 40% ABV

27
Q

What are the 5 classifications of scotch whiskey

A
  1. May only be produced in a Scottish distillery using water and malted barley and be fermented (using only yeast) distilled and aged at the same brewery
  2. It must be distilled to an ABV of no more than 94.8% (in order to maintain the taste of the origin crop)
  3. It may only be aged in Scottish oak casks, and for a minimum of 3 years
  4. It may not contain added ingredients other than water and plain (E150) caramel colouring
  5. It may not be bottled at less than 40% ABV
28
Q

What are the 6 different types of whisky?

A
  1. Grain whiskey
  2. Malt whiskey
  3. Blended scotch whiskey
  4. Single malt whiskey
  5. Vatted malt whiskey
  6. Single cask
29
Q

Categorisation: grain whisky (read)

A

Produced in Scotland using column distillation
Single grain, generally made from corn or wheat
Column stilled and matured for a minimum of 3 years

30
Q

Categorisation: malt whisky (read)

A

Produced from 100% malted barley which is occasionally stoked with peat

31
Q

Categorisation: blended scotch whisky (read)

A

Produced from a blend of grain whisky and malt whisky

Malt and grain - 40/60 ratio

Eg johnnie walker, matured for up to 60years

32
Q

Categorisation: single malt whisky (read)

A

Produced from 100% malted barley, whole process in one distillery

33
Q

Categorisation: Vatted malt whisky (read)

A

Several different single malts from different distilleries

34
Q

Categorisation: single cask whisky (read)

A

Bottled manually and numbered from one cask and is not blended with with single malt. Typically results in 400 bottles

35
Q

6 locations that produce whiskey in Scotland

A 
Lowland
Highland
Campbeltown
Islay
Speyside
Islands
36
Q

Classic brands of highland whiskey

A

The Glenlivet
The Macallan
Tallisket
Aberlour

37
Q

Classic brands of lowlands whiskey

A

Glenkinchie

Auchentoshan

38
Q

Classic brands of Islay whiskey

A

Bowmore
Lagavulin
Laphroaig

39
Q

Classic brands of Campbeltown whisky?

A

Springbank

40
Q

Who designed the iconic grants whiskey bottle and when?

A

Hans Schleger in 1957

41
Q

When was Tullamore Dew opened and by who?

A

Daniel Edmund Williams in 1829

Phoenix logo: distillery burned down twice… Emerged from ashes!

42
Q

When did the first American whisky distillery open and where?

A

Pennsylvania in 1753

43
Q

What are the three grains used in American whiskey?

A

Barley, Rye, Corn

44
Q

What do the Americans call the column still?

A

The beer still

45
Q

When was bourbon deemed a ‘distinctive product of the United states’?

A

4th May 1964

46
Q

How are American whiskey’s distilled?

A

Column distillation

47
Q

What is Tennessee whiskey filtered through?

A

Maple charcoal

48
Q

What are the three classifications of American whiskey?

A

Bourbon
Rye
Tennessee

49
Q

Name classic American brands of whiskey

A

Jim bean
Maker’s Mark
Wild Turkey
Buffalo Trace

EBS (8 decks)

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