Day 6 Nucleotide Metabolism Flashcards
1
Q
Glucose metabolism in the liver
A
- Glycogen storage
- Removal of glucose from the blood
- Production of reducing agents for bio-synthesis
2
Q
Amino acid metabolism in the liver
A
- AA are used for protein synthesis
- Degraded to carbon skeletons in fasting state
- Urea cycle excretes NH3
3
Q
Fatty acid metabolism in the Liver
A
- Triglyceride synthesis
- endogenous storage
- Lipoprotein production
- cholesterol synthesis
- bile salts
- hormones
- Ketone body production
4
Q
Pacreatic hormones
A
- Insulin from beta cells
- Glucagon from alpha cells
5
Q
Fed state
A
- High insulin
- increase blood sugar
- glycogen storage
- fatty acid synthesis
6
Q
Fasting state
A
- High glucagon
- 4 phases
- glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver
- lipolysis in adipose tissues
- fatty acids converted to ketone bodies in the liver for used in the periphery cells
7
Q
Early fasting
A
Glycogen degradation (glycogenolysis)
8
Q
Late fasting
A
- Basal protein degradation
- Gluconeogenesis
9
Q
Early starvation
A
- Fatty acid metabolism
- High ketone body production and the depletion of TCA cycle intermediates
10
Q
Late starvation
A
- High protein degradation
- Replenishes TCA intermediates
- Ketone bodies are primary fuel source (ketogenesis)
11
Q
Leptin
A
Produced by adipose tissue in response to lipogenesis and lead to the suppression of appetite and stimulation of beta oxidation. Mutations can lead to obesity.
12
Q
adipose response to leptin
A
leptin activates uncoupling of brown fat to generate heat from white fat stores
13
Q
syngerstic effect
A
insulin and leptin act together to suppress appetite
14
Q
metabolism in diabetes
A
liver
- high gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis
- depletion of TCA cycle and ketone body production
Adipose
- minimal glucose uptake
- activation of lipolysis
Muscle
- glycogenolysis
- lipolysis
- alanine cycle
15
Q
Ketoacidocis
A
- hyperglycemia and ketonemia results in high osmotic pressure
- hyperglycemia leads to dehydration
- ketonemia leads to acidosis and hyperventilation
