Day 6

Question 1

Network address translation (NAT)

Answer 1

the function of connecting multiple computers to the internet using one or multiple routable IP addresses

Question 2

static NAT

Answer 2

designed to allow one to one mapping between local and global addresses

Question 3

dynamic NAT

Answer 3

gives you the ability to map an unregistered IP addresses to a registered IP address from a pool of registered IP addresses

Question 4

Port address translation (PAT)

Answer 4

translates local addresses to a single global address by keeping track of port assignments

Question 5

IPv6

Answer 5

successor of IPv4
128 bits (16 bytes) and 8 segments in length

Question 6

aggregation

Answer 6

provides a more efficient routing scheme by reducing routing tables
aggregation is an organizational method by which routers are assigned to the subnets of top tier routers

Question 7

unicast

Answer 7

a packet sent to a unicast address is delivered only to the interface identified by that address

Question 8

multicast

Answer 8

are similar to the IPv4 broadcast
primarily designed for specific groups of devices
FF02::1 all Nodes address
FF02::2 all Routers address

Question 9

anycast

Answer 9

addresses assigned to more than one interface and typically on different hosts. a packet sent to an anycast addres is delivered to only one of these interfaces, usually the closes.
(just like the IPv4 anycast, in which the message is sent to the closest interface that has the services it needs)

Question 10

Unicast Address Types

Answer 10

link-local, global, unique local

Question 11

link-local

Answer 11

equivalent of IPv4 APIPA addresses.
used as a quick or temporary connection within a network
contains an address prefix and an interface ID

Question 12

address prefix

Answer 12

FE80::/10

Question 13

interface ID

Answer 13

identifies a unique interface on a network using the 64-bit extended unique identifier (EUI-64)

Question 14

converting interface ID to a EUI-64

Answer 14

1. split the original 48 bit MAC in half and add FFFE to the middle
2. flip the second bit in the first segment
3. regroup into 16 bit segments

Question 15

global

Answer 15

equivalent to IPv4 public addresses and used to route data across.
global unicast address is made of three parts: global routing prefix, subnet ID, and interface ID

Question 16

unique local address

Answer 16

equivalent of an IPv4 private address

Question 17

multicast address scopes

Answer 17

multicast traffic is restricted to spheres of influence called scopes
the bigger the scope, the more people it reaches

Question 18

transitioning to IPv6

Answer 18

dual stacking, translation, and tunnelling

Question 19

dual stacking

Answer 19

the process of loading both IPv4 and IPv6 on network nodes

Question 20

translation

Answer 20

dual stack devices can perform translation between IPv6 and IPv4, changing the packet headers for proper communication.
handled by routers

Question 21

tunneling

Answer 21

the process by which IPv6 packets are encapsulated within IPv4 packets.
handled by routers

Question 22

Neighbor discovery protocol (NDP)

Answer 22

determines hardware addresses for IPv6 hosts because ARP does not exist in IPv6

Question 23

Router discovery

Answer 23

IPv6 devices can automatically locate their default gateway.

uses the all routers multicast FF::02 and all nodes multicast address FF02::01

Question 24

Prefix discovery

Answer 24

router advertisements contain prefix information, which is simply IPv6 subnet information for the local link. once a host knows reachable link prefixes, it can communicate with destinations in those prefixes without first passing that traffic through a router

Question 25

parameter discovery

Answer 25

adjusting the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU), allowing host to change the size of the packets

Question 26

address autoconfiguration

Answer 26

performs stateless autoconfiguration

Question 27

address resolution

Answer 27

a host needing to know the physical address of a neighbor sends a multicast message called a neighbor solicitation. the neighbor then sends its physical address in a neighbor advertisement response message

Question 28

next hop determination

Answer 28

next hop determination allows a host to select a default router by performing lookups on the host routing table

Question 29

Neighbor unreachability detection

Answer 29

NDP is able to determine the reachability of a neighbor

Question 30

duplicate address detection

Answer 30

used to detect duplicate addresses

Question 31

redirection

Answer 31

to inform hosts of more preferable routes

Question 32

DHCPv6

Answer 32

operates in two modes: stateful and stateless

Question 33

stateful

Answer 33

serves IPv6 addresses, subnet masks, and default gateways

Question 34

stateless

Answer 34

only serve optional information

Question 35

DORA is now SARR

Answer 35

works the same, but IPv6 calls the DHCP process SARR…
Solicit, Advertise, Request, and Reply.
only difference between DORA and SARR is if only optional information is needed, only that information will be in the SARR request and reply messages.
test

Question 36

DORA is now SARR

Answer 36

works the same, but IPv6 calls the DHCP process SARR…
Solicit, Advertise, Request, and Reply.
only difference between DORA and SARR is if only optional information is needed, only that information will be in the SARR request and reply messages.