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Mod 6 > Day 5 > Flashcards

Day 5 Flashcards

1
Q

ports

A

accomplish’s the task of allowing different services to use the same interface

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2
Q

well known ports

A

0-1023

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3
Q

ports usable by the client

A

1024-65535

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4
Q

socket

A

an IP paired with a port number.

can be viewed using the netstat command

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5
Q

common netstat states

A

Established—the socket has an established connection
Time_Wait—the socket is waiting after close to handle packets still in the network
Close—The socket is not being used.
Close_Wait—The remote end has shut down, waiting for the socket to close
Listen—the socket is listening for incoming connections
Closing—both sockets are shut down but we still don’t have all our data sent.
UNKNOWN—the state of the socket is unknown.

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6
Q

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

A

a protocol used by a host to obtain an IP address from a DHCP server. Uses DORA process to obtain IP.
uses UDP 67/68

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7
Q

Discover (of DORA)

A

client sends broadcast message asking for information from DHCP server

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8
Q

Offer (of DORA)

A

DHCP server offers an IP address to the client

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9
Q

Request (of DORA)

A

client accepts the offer and notifies server its using the address

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10
Q

Acknowledge (of DORA)

A

server sends back an acknowledgement.

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11
Q

Domain Name System (DNS)

A

a distributed name system that contains services to map computer names to IP addresses.

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12
Q

Root name servers

A

machines that provide access to the root zone file containing information on all Top-Level Domains (TLD’s)

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13
Q

Types of TLD’s within the DNS

A 
Generic TLD (gTLD)---TLD's with three or more characters such as .com
Sponsored TLD (sTLD)---sponsored by organizations such as .mil by DOD
Country Code TLD (ccTLD)--- two letter country codes
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14
Q

Fully qualified domain name (FQDN)

A

full name.
specifies an address exact location in the DNS hierarchy.
specifies all domain levels, including the root domain, top-level domain, parent domain, and host.

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15
Q

FQDN examples

A

www.nsa.gov
Host/parentdomain/toplevel domain

somehost.nsa.gov
host/parent domain/toplevel domain

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16
Q

DNS Servers

A

DNS servers store information about a portion of the domain name space called a zone.

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17
Q

Start of Authority (SOA)

A

The SOA acts as the primary DNS server.

best source of information for the zone.

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18
Q

name servers (NS’s)

A

any other autoritative server for the zone

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19
Q

forward lookup

A

resolve names to IP address

20
Q

reverse lookup

A

resolve IP addresses to names

21
Q

DNS records

A

SOA – Start of Authority – best source of info for the zone
NS – Name Server – An authoritative name server for the zone
A – Host Records – All of the IPv4 host names
AAAA – IPv6 Host records – all hosts with names and IPv6 addresses
CNAME – Canonical name – an alias
MX – Mail exchange – used to identify mail servers
SRV – Service Record – Services can be named an dlinked to an A record
PTR – Pointer Record – Maps IP addresses to names for reverse lookups

22
Q

DNS queries

A

a resolver communicates with name servers
DNS queries utilze UDP 53
Interative–the client makes queries to DNS servers
recursive–DNS servers make queries on behalf of the client

23
Q

DNS forwarder servers

A

used to forward DNS queries to DNS servers outside of the network.

24
Q

DNS caching

A

allows a DNS server to respond to multiple queries more quickly for previously resolved domain or host.

25
Q

zone transfers

A

conducted when a primary DNS server transfers its cache/database to a secondary or back-up DNS server
uses TCP 53

26
Q

Simple mail transport protocol (SMTP)

A

(send mail to people) used to send email

uses TCP 25

27
Q

Post office protocol version 3 (POP3)

A

retrieves email from a mail server

uses TCP 110

28
Q

Internet Message Access Protocol version 4 (IMAP4)

A

like pop3, retrieves email from a server
enables a user to search through messages based on keywords.
supports folders to organize email on a server
uses TCP 143

29
Q

Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)

A

the set of rules for exchanging files and allows information exchange in a web based environment.
uses TCP 80

30
Q

Hypertext transfer protocol secure (HTTPS)

A

rides over the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Securty (TLS) protocols providing security to a web session.
uses TCP 443

31
Q

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)

A

resides at the presentation layer of the OSI model
used to ensure the privacy of HTTP transactions.
relies on the exchange of certificates to negotiate encryption/decryption

32
Q

Transport Layer Security (TLS)

A

an upgrade to SSL and is able to secure many more applications than SSL.
used in VoIP and VPN’s.

33
Q

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

A

a robust file manipulation application used for exchanging and manipulating files over a tcp based computer network
uses TCP 20(data) and 21 (control)
has an active mode and passive mode.

34
Q

active mode

A

the server initiates the three way handshake

35
Q

passive mode

A

the client initiates the data connection

the client side firewall sees data from the FTP server as a reply back to the client, and will allow it to pass

36
Q

trivial file transfer protocol (TFTP)

A

a simple protocol that only provides for the reading and writing of files or mail
uses udp 69

37
Q

Telecommunications netork (Telnet)

A

allows a user at one host to establish a virtual connection with another host
uses TCP 23

38
Q

Remote login (RLogin)

A

a UNIX software utility often used as an alternative to telnet
uses TCP 513

39
Q

secure shell (SSH)

A

a protocol that allows data to be exchanged using a secure channel between two networked devices.
replaces unsecure remote shells like telnet and rlogin
uses tcp 22

40
Q

Lightweight directory access protocol (LDAP)

A

an application layer protocol used to structure information on a directory server
uses tcp 389

41
Q

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

A

used to manage and collect statistical network data such as performance statistics from remote devices through polling.
the management information base (MIB) defines the type of information sent.
uses udp 161/162

42
Q

band management

A

in band management–allows the management of a network device through the network or within normal communications channels.
out of band management- allows management outside of normal communications channels

43
Q

Voice over IP (VoIP)

A

protocols used for the transmission of voice through the internet or other packet-switched networks.

44
Q

Real-time transport protocol (RTP)

A

defines how voice or data packets are transported over the internet.
provides real time voice and data streams and is a foundation of VoIP

45
Q

Session initiation protocol (SIP) and H.323

A

both handle VoIP call initiation, setup, and delivery

46
Q

Skype

A

entirely proprietary and not compatible with any other VoIP solution.

Mod 6 (7 decks)

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