Day 5- Pediatric Nutrition Flashcards
How much weight loss happens during the 1st week of life?
What are 6 month milestones vs 9 month?
What baby grows faster? Formula or breastfed?
10%, after 1st week is when they need to start growing.
6 month is sitting unsupported and raking grasp. Pincer grasp is 9.
Formula.
What chart is preferred for under 2 and 2 and up?
What are abnormal values on growth charts?
What is a kids nutrient intake need?
Under 2 is WHO chart, 2 and up is NCfHS.
<2nd or >98 on WHO, <5th on CDC.
Little babies are 100kcal/kg/day and up through elementary they are 50-70 kcal/kg/day. Fats should make up 30-50% of kcal for brain development, only formula and breast milk for 1st year of life.
What are risk factors for pediatric obesity?
What is your holiday-seager equation for fluids?
What are unique needs for premies?
Gestational diabetes, maternal obesity and gestational wt.gain, small for gestational age or low birth weight, second hand smoke exposure, decreased sleep and activity and increased screen, poverty.
100 mL for 1st 10 kg/ 50 mL for next 10 kg/ 20 mL for each kg after.
<32 weeks must bed fed parenterally within the first 24 hours of life(increased protein, calories, iron, calcium, and phos). Breast milk is the preferred source of nutrition(fortifiers added to meet needs of premies), Premie formulas have higher caloric density to meet needs(>22 kcal/oz vs 20 kcal/oz).
How long do you breastfeed a premie?
What environmental factors do you advise for breast milk?
What drugs do you avoid in breast feeding?
breast milk or formula for 1st 6 months, and then combined with complementary foods for at least the 1st year. Early introduction of solid foods before 6 months is a risk factor for obesity.
avoid alcohol in excess of 0.5g/kg/day(2 hours or pump and dump), smoking(including marijuana) is not a CI but is not recommended,illicit drug use, HIV, untreated TB, and HTLV, some inborn errors of metabolism is not recommended, medication assisted treatment of opioid dependence is compatible.
Cancer chemo,small molecule immunosuppresants, opioids(nsaids preferred), benzo’s, CNS stimulants, Antiepileptics, antipsychotics, antidepressants, anticoagulants, Lithium and ergoalkaloids.
When does lactose intolerance develop?
What makes a formula hypoallergenic?
When do you give soy formula and what’s your last line option?
later in life, babies can’t be lactose intolerant.
Casein hydrolysate. Give after intolerance of soy and traditional–> if allergic to hypoallergenic give elemental.
Vegetarian, Elemental is last line but effective, costly.
What are some infant formula principles to remember?
What supplements are good for breastfeeding moms?
What supplements do kids need?
Rice starch to thicken formula and reduce volume of spit up, medium chain triglycerides are easily absorbed, fiber can be added for diarrhea, long chain fatty acids for brain and vision development, all formulas need no vitamin supplementation, nucleotide supplementation is associated with increased growth.
B vitamins, plenty of fruits and veggies, protein.
Folic acid after puberty, IM vitamin K for newborns, fluoride in drinking water.
What supplements do breastfeeding babies need?
Are probiotics or prebiotics good for supplementation?
How can you eliminate SIDS and what is premie cut off?
Vitamin D 400 IU daily beginning at birth, Iron and Zinc after 6 months in full term or earlier with premies. Premature neonates should receive a multivitamin and an iron supplement until they are reaching growth milestones and eating a mixed diet.
pro biotics can benefit include antibiotic associated diarrhea, faster recovery from gastroenteritis. Pre’s can be helpful too.
Put baby on back to bed, not a ton of stuff in bed. 37 weeks.
What drug characteristics show high concentrations in breast milk?
When can you use the BMI chart?
Low MW(<800), Low protein binding(<90%), fat soluble, unionized, high bioavailable, not acid labile, low first pass.
Age 2
