Day 5: Equilibrium and Acid/Base

Question 1

Equilibrium

Answer 1

-forward rate = reverse rate

Question 2

Equilibrium

Answer 2

-forward rate = reverse rate

Question 3

Dynamic rxn

Answer 3

No net change in concentration

Question 4

K»1

Answer 4

Products favored at eq.

Question 5

K

Answer 5

Reactants favored at eq.

Question 6

K ~1

Answer 6

Considerable Prod/Rec present at eq.

Question 7

Keq

Answer 7

No solids/ liquids. Kp for gases

Question 8

Reaction Quotient

Answer 8

can be calculated @ any point in time

Question 9

K changes when

Answer 9

Temperature changes

Question 10

Q

Answer 10

Shift right

Question 11

Q>K

Answer 11

Shift left

Question 12

Q=K

Answer 12

at equilibrium

Question 13

If a reaction is doubled or ect. the K changes

Answer 13

exponentially

Question 14

K for the reverse reaction is inverse of

Answer 14

the forward reaction

Question 15

Increase in temperature causes a shift to the

Answer 15

left

Question 16

Increase in pressure causes a decrease in _____ and an increase in ____ and a shift ________

Answer 16

volume, molarity, left

Question 17

Le Chatelier’s Principle

Answer 17

Systems placed under stress will respond to counter stress. System takes it out of the equilibrium.

Question 18

Solids & liquids do not affect the eq. but are affected by

Answer 18

shifts

Question 19

Add reactants

Answer 19

Shift right

Question 20

Remove products

Answer 20

Shift right

Question 21

Add a solid

Answer 21

no stress. no shift

Question 22

Add inert gas

Answer 22

No shift

Question 23

Solubility

Answer 23

Ksp

Question 24

Common Ion effect

Answer 24

Ionic solids disassociating into separate ion in water. Reactants are always solids

Question 25

Adding ion shifts

Answer 25

reduces solubility of your solid

Question 26

Mass action ratios

Answer 26

equilibrium constant ratios

Question 27

Arrhenius --> Acid

Answer 27

H+ donor in H2O

Question 28

Bronsted-Lowry-->Acid

Answer 28

H+ donor

Question 29

Lewis- Acid

Answer 29

Electron acceptor

Question 30

Arhenious- Base

Answer 30

OH- donor in H2O

Question 31

Bronsted-Lowry- Base

Answer 31

H+ Acceptor

Question 32

Lewis- Base

Answer 32

Electron donor

Question 33

Conjugate acid/Base pairs are

Answer 33

Amphoteric (molecule or ion that can react both as an acid as well as a base) substances

Question 34

Strong Acids

Answer 34

HClO4, H2SO4, HI, HBr, HCl, HNO3 HClO3

Question 35

Strong Bases

Answer 35

Group 1 metal hydroxides, Ba(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ca(OH)2

Question 36

Binary Acid Trend

Answer 36

Acid composed of 2 elements, one being H you can have more than one H

Question 37

Oxoacid Trends

Answer 37

1. More oxygens, more acidic HClO3 (more acidic) than HClO2 | 2. More Electronegative hetero atom (two different), more acidic. i.e. HClO3 is more acidic than HBrO3

Question 38

[H+] --> pH

Answer 38

pH = -log[H+]

Question 39

pH --> pOH

Answer 39

pH + pOH = 14

Question 40

pOH--> [OH-]

Answer 40

[OH-] = 10^-pOH

Question 41

[OH-] --> [H+]

Answer 41

[H+][OH-] =1 * 10^-14

Question 42

Acid dissociation in water

Answer 42

[H+] = √(Ka)[HA]

Question 43

Base dissociation in water

Answer 43

[OH-]= √(Kb)[A-]

Question 44

Higher Ka

Answer 44

Lower pKa, stronger acid

Question 45

Higher Kb

Answer 45

Lower pKb, strong base

Question 46

Exothermic reactions are

Answer 46

reversed

Question 47

Endothermic reactions

Answer 47

forward

Question 48

pKa + pKb

Answer 48

14

Question 49

Water diss. into ions in

Answer 49

Water

Question 50

Temp affects

Answer 50

Kw

Question 51

Stong acid + Strong base

Answer 51

Tend to release heat

Question 52

Hydrolysis of salts (ionic compounds)

Answer 52

Reacts with water

Question 53

Lewis acid

Answer 53

the more (+) the cation, the more acidic the acid

Question 54

Base salts are more soluble

Answer 54

when you add acid & vice versa

Question 55

Neutral Cations

Answer 55

Li+ Na+, K+, Rb+. Cs+, Ca 2+, Sr 2+, Ba 2+, All other cations are acidic; the more positively charged, the more acidic

Question 56

Neutral Anions

Answer 56

Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3-. ClO4-, ClO3- | Almost all other anions are bases

Question 57

Acidic Anions

Answer 57

HSO4-

Question 58

Buffer

Answer 58

Weak acid + conjugate base

Question 59

pKa =

Answer 59

-logKa

Question 60

Titration

Answer 60

naMaVa = nbMbVb

Question 61

Strong Acid/ Strong base pH @ eq. pt.

Answer 61

7

Question 62

Weak acid/ strong base pH @ eq. pt.

Answer 62

>7

Question 63

Strong Acid/ Weak base pH @ eq. pt.