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OAT- General Chemistry > Day 1: Atomic and Nuclear Structure > Flashcards

Day 1: Atomic and Nuclear Structure Flashcards

1
Q

If you change the number of neutrons

A

New isotope

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2
Q

Change charge

A

New ion

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3
Q

The atomic mass is the

A

Average of isotopes

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4
Q

Columns (groups) in a periodic table

A

Behave similar chemically

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5
Q

Nucleus is composed of

A

Protons and neutrons

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6
Q

Z

A

Atomic number

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7
Q

N+Z

A

Mass number

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8
Q

Alkali metals

A

Group 1

React violently with water. Highly reactive and exit heroic. Strong base

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9
Q

Alkaline earth metals

A

Group 2

Basic. Not as reactive

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10
Q

Noble gases

A

Group 3

Filled octet Inert gas

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11
Q

Halogens

A

Group 4

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12
Q

Transition metals

A

Group 5

Bright colored compounds

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13
Q

Exceptions in electron configurations

A

Cr, Mo, Cu, Ag , Au

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14
Q

If you change Z it creates a

A

New element

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15
Q

Non transition metals valance electrons

A 
Use group number 
Group 1: 1 valence electron
Group 2: 2 valence electrons
Group 13: 3 valence electrons
Group 14: 4 valence electrons
Group 15: 5 valence electrons
Group 16: 6 valence electrons
Group 17: 7 valence electrons
Group 18: 8 valence electrons (except for helium, which has 2)
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16
Q

Transition metal valance electrons

A 
Group 3: 3 valence electrons
Group 4: 2 to 4 valence electrons
Group 5: 2 to 5 valence electrons
Group 6: 2 to 6 valence electrons
Group 7: 2 to 7 valence electrons
Group 8: 2 or 3 valence electrons
Group 9: 2 or 3 valence electrons
Group 10: 2 or 3 valence electrons
Group 11: 1 or 2 valence electrons
Group 12: 2 valence electrons
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17
Q

Para-magnetic

A

ion attracted to a magnetic feild –> odd # of electrons

Un-piared electrons

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18
Q

Diamagnetic

A

Slight deflection from magnetic feild

All electrons are paired

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19
Q

When d subshell is full

A

it does NOT count for valance

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20
Q

Remove electrons from

A

highest shell first

21
Q

The shell is given by

22
Q

Orbitals

23
Q

Max electrons

24
Q

Electrons close to the nucleus have

A

low energy

25
Q

Excited elements

A

have electrons in higher energy orbitals before a lower one is filled

26
Q

Photons are emitted

A

transition from high energy shell to low energy shell

27
Q

Photons are absorded

A

transition from low to high energy shells

28
Q

Energy is proportional to ________ and inverse to ______

A

frequency, wave length

29
Q

Nuclear force is stronger

A

at short distances

30
Q

n -principal

A

shell –> (1…..infinity)

31
Q

l- azimuthal

A

Subshell (type of orbital) (0….(n-1))

1S, 3p, 5d, 7f

32
Q

ml- magnetic

A

Specific orbital (orientation in space) (-1…+1)

33
Q

ms- spin

A

up/down (+1/2…-1/2)

34
Q

Stable nuclei

A
  1. Even numbers of protons and/or neutrons are stable

2. N/Z ratio = 1 are more stable (for Z

35
Q

Parent —> daughter(s) + energy

A

products are more stable

Mass is always lost (E= mc^2) mass–>energy

36
Q

Alpha- decay

A

4/2
Reduces mass #
Large nuceli (Z>83) below the belt

37
Q

B (-) Decay - Beta Emission

A

0/-1
n–>p
N/Z is too high

38
Q

B (+) decay- Positron emission

A

0/+1
p–>n
N/Z is too low

39
Q

Electron Capture

A

0/-1e
p–>n
N/Z is too low

40
Q

Gamma Decay

41
Q

Rate of decay

A

Always 1st order - proportional to amount that you have

lnN = lnNo-kt

42
Q

Half-Life

A

100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, 1.6%,

43
Q

Nuclear binding energy

A

E= change in m * c^2
6.02 x 10^ 23 a.m.u = 1g
Change in m = kg

44
Q

Fe nuclear binding energy

A

highest nuclear binding energy per nucleon

most stable nucleus

45
Q

nucleon

A

anything in the nucleus p+n

46
Q

Fusion

A

Bind to weigh more (stars)

47
Q

Fission

A

Disband to weigh less (nuclear reactor)

smaller nuclei

48
Q

Nucleus weighs less than its components

A

Expends mass into energy to gold it all together

49
Q

Positron

A

+ charged with same mass and spin of 1/2

OAT- General Chemistry (7 decks)

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