Day 1: Atomic and Nuclear Structure

Question 1

If you change the number of neutrons

Answer 1

New isotope

Question 2

Change charge

Answer 2

New ion

Question 3

The atomic mass is the

Answer 3

Average of isotopes

Question 4

Columns (groups) in a periodic table

Answer 4

Behave similar chemically

Question 5

Nucleus is composed of

Answer 5

Protons and neutrons

Question 6

Z

Answer 6

Atomic number

Question 7

N+Z

Answer 7

Mass number

Question 8

Alkali metals

Answer 8

Group 1

React violently with water. Highly reactive and exit heroic. Strong base

Question 9

Alkaline earth metals

Answer 9

Group 2

Basic. Not as reactive

Question 10

Noble gases

Answer 10

Group 3

Filled octet Inert gas

Question 11

Halogens

Answer 11

Group 4

Question 12

Transition metals

Answer 12

Group 5

Bright colored compounds

Question 13

Exceptions in electron configurations

Answer 13

Cr, Mo, Cu, Ag , Au

Question 14

If you change Z it creates a

Answer 14

New element

Question 15

Non transition metals valance electrons

Answer 15

Use group number 
Group 1: 1 valence electron
Group 2: 2 valence electrons
Group 13: 3 valence electrons
Group 14: 4 valence electrons
Group 15: 5 valence electrons
Group 16: 6 valence electrons
Group 17: 7 valence electrons
Group 18: 8 valence electrons (except for helium, which has 2)

Question 16

Transition metal valance electrons

Answer 16

Group 3: 3 valence electrons
Group 4: 2 to 4 valence electrons
Group 5: 2 to 5 valence electrons
Group 6: 2 to 6 valence electrons
Group 7: 2 to 7 valence electrons
Group 8: 2 or 3 valence electrons
Group 9: 2 or 3 valence electrons
Group 10: 2 or 3 valence electrons
Group 11: 1 or 2 valence electrons
Group 12: 2 valence electrons

Question 17

Para-magnetic

Answer 17

ion attracted to a magnetic feild –> odd # of electrons

Un-piared electrons

Question 18

Diamagnetic

Answer 18

Slight deflection from magnetic feild

All electrons are paired

Question 19

When d subshell is full

Answer 19

it does NOT count for valance

Question 20

Remove electrons from

Answer 20

highest shell first

Question 21

The shell is given by

Answer 21

n

Question 22

Orbitals

Answer 22

n^2

Question 23

Max electrons

Answer 23

2n^2

Question 24

Electrons close to the nucleus have

Answer 24

low energy

Question 25

Excited elements

Answer 25

have electrons in higher energy orbitals before a lower one is filled

Question 26

Photons are emitted

Answer 26

transition from high energy shell to low energy shell

Question 27

Photons are absorded

Answer 27

transition from low to high energy shells

Question 28

Energy is proportional to ________ and inverse to ______

Answer 28

frequency, wave length

Question 29

Nuclear force is stronger

Answer 29

at short distances

Question 30

n -principal

Answer 30

shell --> (1.....infinity)

Question 31

l- azimuthal

Answer 31

Subshell (type of orbital) (0....(n-1)) 1S, 3p, 5d, 7f

Question 32

ml- magnetic

Answer 32

Specific orbital (orientation in space) (-1...+1)

Question 33

ms- spin

Answer 33

up/down (+1/2...-1/2)

Question 34

Stable nuclei

Answer 34

1. Even numbers of protons and/or neutrons are stable | 2. N/Z ratio = 1 are more stable (for Z

Question 35

Parent ---> daughter(s) + energy

Answer 35

products are more stable | Mass is always lost (E= mc^2) mass-->energy

Question 36

Alpha- decay

Answer 36

4/2 Reduces mass # Large nuceli (Z>83) below the belt

Question 37

B (-) Decay - Beta Emission

Answer 37

0/-1 n-->p N/Z is too high

Question 38

B (+) decay- Positron emission

Answer 38

0/+1 p-->n N/Z is too low

Question 39

Electron Capture

Answer 39

0/-1e p-->n N/Z is too low

Question 40

Gamma Decay

Answer 40

0/0

Question 41

Rate of decay

Answer 41

Always 1st order - proportional to amount that you have | lnN = lnNo-kt

Question 42

Half-Life

Answer 42

100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, 1.6%,

Question 43

Nuclear binding energy

Answer 43

E= change in m * c^2 6.02 x 10^ 23 a.m.u = 1g Change in m = kg

Question 44

Fe nuclear binding energy

Answer 44

highest nuclear binding energy per nucleon | most stable nucleus

Question 45

nucleon

Answer 45

anything in the nucleus p+n

Question 46

Fusion

Answer 46

Bind to weigh more (stars)

Question 47

Fission

Answer 47

Disband to weigh less (nuclear reactor) | smaller nuclei

Question 48

Nucleus weighs less than its components

Answer 48

Expends mass into energy to gold it all together

Question 49

Positron

Answer 49

+ charged with same mass and spin of 1/2