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[Qs] Diagnostic Tests > Day 4-AM_Principles and Concepts of Biogeochemical Cycles > Flashcards

Day 4-AM_Principles and Concepts of Biogeochemical Cycles Flashcards

Principles and Concepts of Biogeochemical Cycles

1
Q

The basic source of energy in the aquatic ecosystem is _____.

  • All of the above
  • None of the above
  • Photosynthesis
  • Light energy
A

Photosynthesis

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2
Q

The nutrient presence in minimum amount would tend to limit productivity. This refers to

  • Liebig’s law of minimum
  • None of the above
  • Shelford’s law of minimum
  • Law of thermodynamics
A

Liebig’s law of minimum

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3
Q

Heterotrophic organisms, chiefly bacteria and fungi, which are responsible for the breakdown of complex compounds of dead protoplasms, absorb some of the decomposition products; and release inorganic nutrients that are usable by the producers together with organic substances which may provide energy source or which may be inhibitory or stimulatory to other biotic components of the ecosystem.

  • Saprotrpohs
  • Autotrophs
  • Heterotrophs
  • Phagotrophs
A

Saprotrpohs

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4
Q

It is the process where an inorganic compound of the oxygen is the electron acceptor (oxidant). This is restricted to saprophages (bacteria, yeast, molds, protozoa) although it occurs as a dependent process within certain tissue of higher animals

  • Anaerobic respiration
  • Heterotrophic respiration
  • Fermentation process
  • Aerobic respiration
A

Anaerobic respiration

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5
Q

It is a type of respiration where the molecular oxygen is the hydrogen acceptor

Heterotrophic respiration
Anaerobic respiration
Fermentation process
Aerobic respiration

A

Anaerobic respiration

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6
Q

The speed of chemical reactions doubles for each rise of temperature at 10oC.

  • Van Hoff principle
  • None of the above
  • Vant Haff principle
  • Van Hove’s principle
A

Van Hoff principle

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7
Q

A component of the ecosystem in which fixation of light energy, use of simple inorganic substances, and buildup for complex substances predominate. Any organism in this component has growth and reproduction that are entirely independent of external sources of organic compounds.

  • Autotrophic
  • Saprotrophic
  • Phagotrophic
  • Heterotrophic
A

Autotrophic

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8
Q

Which one is true about photosynthesis and respiration?

  • All of the above
  • Both are life processes. Photosynthesis is the consumption of carbon dioxide while respiration is the consumption of oxygen
  • Both are life processes. Photosynthesis is the production of oxygen while respiration is the production of carbon dioxide
  • Both are life processes. Photosynthesis is the production of simple sugar while respiration is the breakdown of simple sugar
  • Both are life processes. Photosynthesis is anabolic process while respiration is a catabolic process
  • None of the above
A

All of the above

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9
Q

From the trophic standpoint, an ecosystem in which utilization, rearrangement and decomposition of complex materials predominate is called

  • Autotrophic
  • Phagotrophic
  • Saprotrophic
  • Heterotrophic
A

Heterotrophic

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10
Q

The toxic forms of nitrogen are the

  • Ionized and unionized at low and high pH, and nitrite
  • Unionized ammonia (high pH) and nitrite
  • All of the above
  • Ammonium and nitrite
A

Ionized and unionized at low and high pH, and nitrite

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11
Q

These are basic unit of the water which are basic and organic compounds such as water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, calcium, nitrogen and phosphorus, salts, amino acids and humicacids

*
*
*
*

  • Aphotic substances
  • Abiotic substances
  • Biotic substances
  • Photic substances
A

Abiotic substances

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12
Q

Organisms whose nutrients are obtained from ideal and decaying plants or animal matter in the form of organic compound solution. They are also called micro-consumers or decomposers

  • Phagotrophs
  • Heterotrophs
  • Saprotrophs
  • Autotrophs
  • None of the above
  • All of the above
A

Saprotrophs

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13
Q

The conversions of NO, to NO2 and NO2; to NO3 are mediated by an organisms which grow optimally at pH near neutrality. This organisms are

  • None of the above
  • Ammoniacal bacteria
  • Aeromonas hydroplulia
  • Nitrobacter and nitrosomonas respectively
A

Nitrobacter and nitrosomonas respectively

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14
Q

A type of respiration where an organic compound is the electron acceptor (oxidant). Yeasts are well known fermenters. They are not only commercially important to man but are abundant in soils where they can play a key role in then decomposition of the plant residues

Fermentation process
Aerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration
Heterotrophic respiration

A

Fermentation process

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15
Q

The zone where gross photosynthesis is less than respiration

  • Hypolimnion Epilimnion
  • Metalimnion
  • Compensation zone
  • None of the above
  • Transition zone
A

Hypolimnion

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16
Q

The largest and most nearly self-sufficient biological system which includes all of the earth’s living organisms, interacting with the physical environment as a whole so as to maintain a steady-state system intermediate in flow of energy between the high energy input of the sun and the thermal sink of space

  • a. Biosphere
  • b. Ecosphere
  • c. Ecosystem
  • a and b
  • b and c
  • None of the above
  • All of the above
A

a and b

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17
Q

The rate of decomposition generally increases over the same range of 5-35oC. A temperature increase of 10oC doubles the rate of decomposition. This is called

  • Q value
  • Q100
  • None of the above
  • Q20
A

Q20

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18
Q

The carbon dioxide concentration and pH of the water are

  • All of the above
  • None of the above
  • Inversely proportional
  • Directly proportional
A

Inversely proportional

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19
Q

It is common lacustrine sediment of eutrophic lake. It consists of a mixture of humus materials, fine plant fragments, algal remains, grains of quartz and micro-diatom frustules, exoskeleton fragments from aquatic arthropods and spore and pollen relics. The color is from gray to dark brown; it is near neutral on the pH scale. Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus are abundant in this sediment; the P is commonly united with iron, aluminum, and to a lesser extent of calcium

  • Autochtonous
  • All of the above
  • Copropel
  • Sapropel
  • Allochtonous
  • None of the above
A

Copropel

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20
Q

This law simply states that nutrients occurring in minimal quantities are those that limit biological production. Hence, only those nutrients that are limiting production should be added to the ponds.

  • Liebig’s Law of Minimum
  • Boyd’s Law of Minimum
  • Shelford’s Law of Maximum
  • None of the above
A

Liebig’s Law of Minimum

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21
Q

One of the unpredictable blooms of phytoplankton is attributed to the levels of a major nutrient. This nutrient is important in regulating phytoplankton productivity.

  • Phosphorous
  • None of the above
  • Nitrogen
  • Potassium
A

Phosphorous

22
Q

Primary productivity increases in the upper layers of water, where
favorable light condition exists, but decreases in lower layers due to the “shading effect” by plankton

  • None of the above
  • True
  • False
  • It depends
A

True

23
Q

A nutrient that gets easily fixed with the sediment.

  • Nitrogen
  • Phosphorous
  • Potassium
  • None of the above
A

Phosphorous

24
Q

Algal die-offs of natural algal blooms are related to photo-oxidation when there is a declined in the activity of a certain enzyme which protects aerobic organisms against toxic effects of oxygen. This enzyme is called

  • Superoxidases enzyme
  • None of the above
  • Superoxide dismutase
  • Superoxidative trimutase
A

Superoxide dismutase

25
Q

Microbes are primary group of organisms that act on organic matter decomposition. They are mainly composed of protein and large percentage of carbon and nitrogen. The percentage of the substrate carbon converted to bacterial protoplasm is called

  • Carbon dissimilation efficiency
  • Carbon assimilation efficiency
  • None of the above
  • Carbon bacterial efficiency
A

Carbon assimilation efficiency

26
Q

Nitrogen losses from the system is through vitalization and identification

  • False
  • True
  • All of the above
  • None of the above
A

True

27
Q

The major source of ammonia in water is from

  • The decomposition of organic matter
  • The excretion of aquatic animals
  • Fertilization
  • All of the above
A

The decomposition of organic matter

28
Q

The most significant source of nitrogen utilized by aquatic plants is in the form of

  • None of the above
  • Ammonia
  • Nitrite
  • Nitrate
A

Nitrate

29
Q

The group of algae that can fix atmospheric nitrogen in their body is

  • Brown algae
  • Blue-green algae
  • Green algae
  • None of the above
A

Blue-green algae

30
Q

It involves biochemical cycle in which most transformation involves biochemical reactions and most of these nutrients in the pond ecosystem is bound in living organisms.

  • Phosphorous cycle
  • Nitrogen cycle
  • Potassium cycle
  • None of the above
A

Nitrogen cycle

31
Q

Nitrogen gain in the system is through fixation and mineralization

  • All of the above
  • True
  • None of the above
  • False
A

True

32
Q

The pH concentration at which un-ionized ammonia concentration is ten folds

  • none f the above
  • pH 2
  • pH 6
  • pH 3
A

pH 3

33
Q

Phosphorous becomes unavailable when water is strongly

  • Neutral
  • Alkaline
  • None of the above
  • Acidic
A

Acidic

34
Q

The nutrient cycle involve is a chemical cycle rather than a biochemical cycle

  • Nitrogen
  • None of the above
  • Potassium
  • Phosphorous
A

Phosphorous

35
Q

The two acidic cations that bind phosphates are

  • Mg+ and Na+
  • Ca+ and K+
  • None
  • Elemental cation
A

Ca+ and K+

36
Q

The form of reactive phosphorous is calle

  • a. Filterable phosphate
  • b. Orthophosphate
  • Total phosphorous
  • a and b
A

a and b

37
Q

The maximum availability of orthophosphate is at

pH 6
pH 7
none of the above
pH 8 to 9

A

pH 8 to 9

38
Q

The nutrient with biochemical cycle in which most transformation involve biochemical reactions is

  • Carbon
  • None of the above
  • Phosphorus
  • Nitrogen
A

Nitrogen

39
Q

This is an energy

  • Plankton
  • None of the above
  • All of the above
  • Chemical energy
  • Light energy
  • Potential energy
  • Solar radiation
A

Solar radiation

40
Q

Choose the hierarchy of decomposition rate of the following

  • Sugar > lignin > cellulose
  • Cellulose > sugar > lignin
  • Sugar > cellulose > lignin
  • None of the above
A

Sugar > cellulose > lignin

41
Q

The process of the breakdown of humus with the help of microbes and their enzymes thereby releasing nitrogen to the environment in the form of ammonia is called

  • Mineralization
  • Immobilization
  • Nitrification
  • None of the above
A

Nitrification

42
Q

The oxidation of nitrogen from ammonia through nitrite to nitrate is called

  • None of the above
  • Mineralization
  • Nitrification
  • Denitrification
A

Nitrification

43
Q

This form of nitrogen is generated by heterotrophic bacteria as the primary end product of organic matter decomposition, either directly from proteins or from either nitrogenous organic compounds.

Nitrite
Nitrate
Ammonia
None of the above

A

Nitrite

44
Q

The biological conversion of organic and inorganic nitrogen compounds from a reduced state to a more oxidized state is mediated by bacteria. The mesophilic bacteria capable of oxidizing NH4 to NO2 is

  • Narosomonas
  • Nitrobacter
  • Nitrosomonas
  • All of the above
A

Nitrosomonas

45
Q

Bacteria that oxidizes further NO2- to NO3 is called

  • Narosomonas
  • Nitrosomonase
  • All of the above
  • Nitrobacter
A

Nitrobacter

46
Q

One way to reduce unionized is keeping a good level of bacteria is called

  • Zeolitic bacteria
  • Probiotics
  • Nitrifying bacteria
  • None of the above
A

Nitrifying bacteria

47
Q

Organic matters that will decompose slowly and the nitrogen mineralized are those with

  • High nitrogen content
  • Low nitrogen content
  • Moderate nitrogen content
  • None of the above
A

High nitrogen conten

48
Q

Nitrite accumulates when water

  • Temperature and DO decrease
  • None of the above
  • Temperature and DO increase
  • Temperature pH disease
A

Temperature and DO decrease

49
Q

These are specialized cells which are the sole site of nitrogen fixation in aerobically grown algae

  • Heterocysts
  • Cell sites
  • Akimetes
  • None of the above
A

Heterocysts

50
Q

The acidity of pH 4.3 to 8.3 and pH below 4.3 is termed a

  • None of the above
  • Total alkalinity
  • Carbon dioxide acidity and mineral acidity, respectively
  • Alkalinity and mineral acidity, respectively
A

Carbon dioxide acidity and mineral acidity, respectively

[Qs] Diagnostic Tests (2 decks)

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