day 4 Flashcards by Alexander Coster

best way to stop transfer of infection

hand washing

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T or F; OFA attendants should not wear jewerly on fingers

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when should you wear gloves

any time you touch patient bodily materials

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when to wear eye protection

possibility of your eyes, nose or mouth being splashed by bodily materials

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T or F: you must clean all your equipment and furniture in FA room

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how to clean up bodily fluid spills

immediately with paper towels, detergent, water, bleach solution

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you need a letter from a practitioner for presription drugs saying what

name of worker prescriped to

specific use, expiry

possible, expected reactions

side effects

dose, method

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what is atherosclerosis

process where arteries become narrow

usually in brain, kidneys, vessels of lower aorta,

its a buildup of fatty deposites in inner walls

blood flow is restricted

vessel walls harden with plaque, blood pressure goes up, blood clots form, obstruct vessel

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what is angina pectoris

heart muscle is working harder due to physical emotional stress, vessels could be narrowed too

theres a lack of oxygen, this causes discomfort

a pain, tightness, can be severe

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symptom of angina pectoris

vary

pain, discomfort, builds up

below sternum, felt in arms, can go up neck and jaw

about 15 mins

pressure, squeezing

use nitroglycerin tablets

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T or F; if you take erectile dysfunction meds, you shouldnt take nitroglycerin

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T or F: you can give nitroglycerin tablet to someone

F; must be from doctor, prescribed

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is angina pain RTC?

if not relieved by nitroglyerin, then yes

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symptoms of heart attack

apprehension, feeling of doom
denial

weakness in arms

shortness of breath, cant breathe well

sweating

pallor

nausea, vomiting

want to shit

weak and rapid pulse

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3 circulatory complications most often cause death

arrhythmia (disturbance in hearts rate)

congestive heart failure

cardiogenic shock

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congestive heart failure

strength of contraction of left ventricle is decreased by myocardial infarction, heart cannot pump properly

blood backs up on left atrium, congestion develops, more pressure, pulmonary edema develops, plasma leaks into alveoli and bronchial walls

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T or F; oxygen therapy should be given ASAP to anyone whos inhaled toxic chemicals

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carbon monoxide

hard to detect

uses our hemoglobin, produces hypoxia, oxygen starvation

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chlorine gas

smells bad

you may be able to see it

collects in low lying areas

irritates respiratory tract, inflames lungs, fluid accumulates

causes death

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hydrogen sulphide

affects brain, you stop breathing

low lying collects

smells bad

explosive when mixed with air

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T or F; ABCs come before treating ingested poison

T; provide treatment after head to toe in secondary survey

treatment of conscious and breathing patient who ingested poison

dilute immediately with milk or water

Poison control may advise you to:

provide activated charcoal if patient stopped vomiting (and it was non corrosive)

dont give it to them if they cant swallow or DLOC

watch them closely

what is diabetes

the ability to regulate glucose is impaired

high glucose damages tissues and organs

what does insulin do

hormone transport gluose into bodys cells without, cells cant get glucose

how to treat unconscious hypoglycemia

small amount of sugar placed under lateral or 3/4 prone tongue beware of choking

T or F; most effective way to get someone glucose is intraveneously

T or F; providing sugar to hyperglycemic patient will cause them harm

different effects og incident stress

physical (nausea, weight loss, diarrhea, dizziness, headaches) cognitive (cant concentrate, confusion) emotional ( anxiety, guilt, anger, fear, grief) behavioural (difficulty going places or being alone, drug use)

management of critical incident stress

defusing session: short, confidential meeting of workers affected. professionals do it like a day later. explain the possible reactions, discuss how to take care of themselves, give info debriefing session: confidential, nonjudgemental meeting to lessen trauma and stressful effects of incident. for those directly involved, to enhance recovery. held a couple days later therapy!

altered levels of consciousness

alchohol head injury these are 2 examples

T or F; you must never attribute a altered level of conscoiousness to alcohol or drugs when there is evidence of other injury

what is A E I O U T R I P S

alcohol epilepsy insulin overdose uremia (kidney failure) trauma respiration infection poisoning stroke

which scale to use to determine level of consciousness

AVPU

T or F; patients who are now alert, but were once DLOC or not conscious, are in RTC

F; they do need medical assessment though

what should you watch out for when patients have brain injury

vomiting; so they dont choke if unconscious, NEVER IN SUPINE LEFT ALONE

stroke

non traumatic brain injury a rupture of a cerebral artery permanent damage to brain tissue

2 types of strokes

ischemic (blockage or narrowing of cerebral artery) hemorrhagic strokes (rupture of cerebral artery) brain bleeding, impaired circulation

FAST

face arms speech time

seizures can be caused by

not taking medication alcohol intoxication or withdrawal drug abuse hypoglycemia stroke head injury meningitis high fever hypoxia hypertension brain tumour

types of seizures

generalized (grand mal and absence) focal/partial (simple and complex)

grand mal seizure

generalized tonic clonic most common classic pattern patient may feel it coming, cry out convulsions, contraction, passes out

absence (petit mal ) seizure

very brief usually in kids they stare into space, unresponsve, wont speak then they come back

simple partial (focal motor) seizure

only part of the brain, motor activity may progress to generalized tonic clonic it is like a tonic clonic, but they are repsonsive

complex partial (temporal lobe) seizure

altered behaviour, no decrease in consciousness dizziness, strange sensations altered mental status, display of automatic behaviour hallucinate, act weird

info needed when seizure suspected?

name, contact info of direct witness were they unconscious> unresponsive? what were they doing before? was there an aura? where did seizure begin (arm, face), did it progress to general area when did it start, its length what direction were the eyes looking were extremeties limp? patients colour did they bite their tongue do they have seizures usually? medication for it? any other illnesses?

what do spinal discs do

act as shock absorbers between vertebrae

which mechanisms must you assume trauamtic spinal injury

motor vehicle crashes falls, even if onto feet any direct blow to spine diving into shallow water gunshot,knife, penetrating injuries to spine severe electric shock facial, head injuries

what happens with spinal nerve injury

pain partial loss of sensation and motor strength in one extremity

things to keep in mind when dealing with possible spinal injury

mechanism of injury pain, if conscious pain on movement tenderness over bony projections numbness, tingling, weakness deformity swelling