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N3132 MENTAL HEALTH > DAY 3 & 4 Notes > Flashcards

DAY 3 & 4 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What is Anxiety ?

A
  • Apprehension, uneasiness, uncertainty, or dread from real or perceived threat
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2
Q

Levels of Anxiety

A
  • Mild, Moderate, Severe, and Panic
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3
Q

Anxiety disorders are present in ____% of those over the age of 18

A

11.6%

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4
Q

Anxiety frequently occurs with what other problems?

A

psychiatric / depressive

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5
Q

Anxiety can be …

A

biological, social, psychological, environmental, or sociocultural in nature

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6
Q

Anxiety presents itself as:

A

Panic attacks or separation anxiety or sever phobias

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7
Q

How is Anxiety treated?

A

short-acting sedative-hypnotic sleep agents, melatonin receptor agonists, or antidepressants (SSRIs, SNRIs)

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8
Q

What is Depression ?

A

Depressed mood impairing functioning with emotional, cognitive, physical, and behaviour over 2 weeks or more

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9
Q

Depression can present as:

A

psychotic, melancholic, atypical, catatonic, postpartum, or seasonal

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10
Q

Depression has a lifetime prevalence of ___%

A

11.3%

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11
Q

Depression has higher rates in:

A

lower-income, unemployed, unmarried, or divorced

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12
Q

Common Age Range of Depressed Patients:

A

15-45 years of age

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13
Q

Depression can be ____ or ___ in nature

A

Biological or psychological

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14
Q

How is depression treated ?

A

tricyclics, SSRIs, SNRIs, MAOIs

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15
Q

What is Schizophrenia?

A

Experience alterations in perception, thought, language, emotions, and social behaviour

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16
Q

Symptoms of Schizophrenia?

A
  • mild, moderate, severe symptoms to psychosis and psychotic breaks
  • They will experience delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, abnormal motor behaviour, and negative symptoms
  • biological, neurobiological, or due to external stressors and abnormal brain structure
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17
Q

Schizophrenia is more common in which gender?

A

Males

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18
Q

What age range is Schizophrenia usually diagnosed?

A

MALES: 18-25
FEMALES: 25-35

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19
Q

What are the three phases of Schizophrenia?

A

Acute
Stabilization
Maintenance

20
Q

What occurs during the Acute Phase of Schizophrenia?

A

Acute: Onset or exacerbation of symptoms

21
Q

What occurs during the Stabilization Phase of Schizophrenia?

A

Stabilization: Symptom diminishing, movement towards previous level of functioning

22
Q

What occurs during the Maintenance Phase of Schizophrenia?

A

Maintenance: At or near base functioning

23
Q

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

A

Positive are ADDITIVE:
Hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behaviour

24
Q

Positive Schizophrenia: Alterations in Thinking

A

• Thought insertion, withdrawal, and broadcasting
• Ideas of reference and influence
• Persecution
• Grandeur
• Somatic
• Erotomanic
• Jealousy

25
Positive Schizophrenia: Alterations in Speech
• Associative looseness • Circumstantiality • Tangentiality • Neolisms • Echolalia • Clang Association • Word Salad
26
Positive Schizophrenia: Alterations in Perceptions
• Depersonalization • Derealization • Boundary impairment • Illusions • Hallucinations • Command hallucinations
27
Positive Schizophrenia: Alterations in Behaviours
• Catatonia • Psychomotor retardation and agitation • Stereotyped behaviours • Waxy flexibility • Echopraxia • Negativism • Impaired impulse control • Gesturing or posturing • Boundary impairment
28
Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Negative are SUBTRACTIVE - Blunted affect, poverty of thought, loss of motivation, inability to experience joy
29
Cognitive Symptoms of NEGATIVE Schizophrenia
Attention, memory, information processing, cognitive flexibility, and executive function deficits
30
Affective Symptoms of NEGATIVE Schizophrenia
Depression, substance abuse, suicidal ideation
31
How is Schizophrenia treated?
- Usually treated with antipsychotics (dopamine antagonists) o First Gen: D2 antagonists; less expensive, extreme side effects o Second Gen: D2 antagonists/SSRIs; less side effects, cause extreme weight gain, expensive o Third Gen: Dopamine system stabilizer; low side effects,
32
What is Bipolar
- Shifts in mood, energy, and ability to function - 4% of population
33
How is Bipolar presented ?
- Can present in terms of bipolar I, II, cyclothymic disorder, schizoaffective disorder - Onset is 18 of I and 20 for II - I is more common in males, II in females
34
When does Cyclothymia usually begin (Bipolar) ?
Adolescence
35
How is Bipolar acquired?
- Usually biological in nature but can be psychological/environmental
36
What are the symptoms of Bipolar?
D I G F A S T o Distractibility o Insomnia o Grandiosity o Flight of Ideas o Activities o Speech o Thoughtlessness
37
How is Bipolar treated?
LITHIUM CARBONATE
38
How are Personality Disorders manifested?
Paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, narcissistic, avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive, histrionic, antisocial, borderline
39
What is usually the problem with Personality Disorders?
- Problems in self-identity or self-direction - usually occurs in 10% of the population
40
What is the main factor of Personality Disorders?
CHILDHOOD TRAUMA (Coexists with psychiatric disorders) ( 10 disorders into 3 clusters)
41
What is PTSD?
- Re-experiencing of trauma through recurrent intrusive recollections - Flashbacks - Avoidance of stimuli associated with trauma - Numbing of general responsiveness - Increased arousal
42
PREVENTIVE De-Escalation
o Self awareness o Skill development o Assertive Training
43
De-Escalation: Anticipatory Strategies
o Communication o Environmental change o Behavioral actions o Psychopharmacology
44
De-Escalation: Containment Strategies
o Crisis management o Seclusion o Restraints
45
De-Escalation: Communication Methods
o Empathy and non-judgemental o Respect personal space o Nonthreatening nonverbals o Avoid overreacting o Focus on feelings o Ignore challenging questions o Set limits o Allow time for decisions
46
What is the Recovery Model ?
- Patient centered care - Holistic approach - Values the determinants of health - Focus on strengths rather than weaknesses

N3132 MENTAL HEALTH (10 decks)

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