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N3132 MENTAL HEALTH > DAY 3 & 4 Notes > Flashcards

DAY 3 & 4 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What is Anxiety ?

A
  • Apprehension, uneasiness, uncertainty, or dread from real or perceived threat
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2
Q

Levels of Anxiety

A
  • Mild, Moderate, Severe, and Panic
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3
Q

Anxiety disorders are present in ____% of those over the age of 18

A

11.6%

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4
Q

Anxiety frequently occurs with what other problems?

A

psychiatric / depressive

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5
Q

Anxiety can be …

A

biological, social, psychological, environmental, or sociocultural in nature

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6
Q

Anxiety presents itself as:

A

Panic attacks or separation anxiety or sever phobias

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7
Q

How is Anxiety treated?

A

short-acting sedative-hypnotic sleep agents, melatonin receptor agonists, or antidepressants (SSRIs, SNRIs)

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8
Q

What is Depression ?

A

Depressed mood impairing functioning with emotional, cognitive, physical, and behaviour over 2 weeks or more

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9
Q

Depression can present as:

A

psychotic, melancholic, atypical, catatonic, postpartum, or seasonal

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10
Q

Depression has a lifetime prevalence of ___%

A

11.3%

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11
Q

Depression has higher rates in:

A

lower-income, unemployed, unmarried, or divorced

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12
Q

Common Age Range of Depressed Patients:

A

15-45 years of age

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13
Q

Depression can be ____ or ___ in nature

A

Biological or psychological

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14
Q

How is depression treated ?

A

tricyclics, SSRIs, SNRIs, MAOIs

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15
Q

What is Schizophrenia?

A

Experience alterations in perception, thought, language, emotions, and social behaviour

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16
Q

Symptoms of Schizophrenia?

A
  • mild, moderate, severe symptoms to psychosis and psychotic breaks
  • They will experience delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, abnormal motor behaviour, and negative symptoms
  • biological, neurobiological, or due to external stressors and abnormal brain structure
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17
Q

Schizophrenia is more common in which gender?

A

Males

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18
Q

What age range is Schizophrenia usually diagnosed?

A

MALES: 18-25
FEMALES: 25-35

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19
Q

What are the three phases of Schizophrenia?

A

Acute
Stabilization
Maintenance

20
Q

What occurs during the Acute Phase of Schizophrenia?

A

Acute: Onset or exacerbation of symptoms

21
Q

What occurs during the Stabilization Phase of Schizophrenia?

A

Stabilization: Symptom diminishing, movement towards previous level of functioning

22
Q

What occurs during the Maintenance Phase of Schizophrenia?

A

Maintenance: At or near base functioning

23
Q

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

A

Positive are ADDITIVE:
Hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behaviour

24
Q

Positive Schizophrenia: Alterations in Thinking

A

• Thought insertion, withdrawal, and broadcasting
• Ideas of reference and influence
• Persecution
• Grandeur
• Somatic
• Erotomanic
• Jealousy

25
Q

Positive Schizophrenia: Alterations in Speech

A

• Associative looseness
• Circumstantiality
• Tangentiality
• Neolisms
• Echolalia
• Clang Association
• Word Salad

26
Q

Positive Schizophrenia: Alterations in Perceptions

A

• Depersonalization
• Derealization
• Boundary impairment
• Illusions
• Hallucinations
• Command hallucinations

27
Q

Positive Schizophrenia: Alterations in Behaviours

A

• Catatonia
• Psychomotor retardation and agitation
• Stereotyped behaviours
• Waxy flexibility
• Echopraxia
• Negativism
• Impaired impulse control
• Gesturing or posturing
• Boundary impairment

28
Q

Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

A

Negative are SUBTRACTIVE
- Blunted affect, poverty of thought, loss of motivation, inability to experience joy

29
Q

Cognitive Symptoms of NEGATIVE Schizophrenia

A

Attention, memory, information processing, cognitive flexibility, and executive function deficits

30
Q

Affective Symptoms of NEGATIVE Schizophrenia

A

Depression, substance abuse, suicidal ideation

31
Q

How is Schizophrenia treated?

A
  • Usually treated with antipsychotics (dopamine antagonists)

o First Gen: D2 antagonists; less expensive, extreme side effects
o Second Gen: D2 antagonists/SSRIs; less side effects, cause extreme weight gain, expensive
o Third Gen: Dopamine system stabilizer; low side effects,

32
Q

What is Bipolar

A
  • Shifts in mood, energy, and ability to function
  • 4% of population
33
Q

How is Bipolar presented ?

A
  • Can present in terms of bipolar I, II, cyclothymic disorder, schizoaffective disorder
  • Onset is 18 of I and 20 for II
  • I is more common in males, II in females
34
Q

When does Cyclothymia usually begin (Bipolar) ?

A

Adolescence

35
Q

How is Bipolar acquired?

A
  • Usually biological in nature but can be psychological/environmental
36
Q

What are the symptoms of Bipolar?

A

D I G F A S T

o Distractibility
o Insomnia
o Grandiosity
o Flight of Ideas
o Activities
o Speech
o Thoughtlessness

37
Q

How is Bipolar treated?

A

LITHIUM CARBONATE

38
Q

How are Personality Disorders manifested?

A

Paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, narcissistic, avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive, histrionic, antisocial, borderline

39
Q

What is usually the problem with Personality Disorders?

A
  • Problems in self-identity or self-direction
  • usually occurs in 10% of the population
40
Q

What is the main factor of Personality Disorders?

A

CHILDHOOD TRAUMA
(Coexists with psychiatric disorders)
( 10 disorders into 3 clusters)

41
Q

What is PTSD?

A
  • Re-experiencing of trauma through recurrent intrusive recollections
  • Flashbacks
  • Avoidance of stimuli associated with trauma
  • Numbing of general responsiveness
  • Increased arousal
42
Q

PREVENTIVE De-Escalation

A

o Self awareness
o Skill development
o Assertive Training

43
Q

De-Escalation: Anticipatory Strategies

A

o Communication
o Environmental change
o Behavioral actions
o Psychopharmacology

44
Q

De-Escalation: Containment Strategies

A

o Crisis management
o Seclusion
o Restraints

45
Q

De-Escalation: Communication Methods

A

o Empathy and non-judgemental
o Respect personal space
o Nonthreatening nonverbals
o Avoid overreacting
o Focus on feelings
o Ignore challenging questions
o Set limits
o Allow time for decisions

46
Q

What is the Recovery Model ?

A
  • Patient centered care
  • Holistic approach
  • Values the determinants of health
  • Focus on strengths rather than weaknesses

N3132 MENTAL HEALTH (10 decks)

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