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Correl Finals > Day 2 Purgatory > Flashcards

Day 2 Purgatory Flashcards

1
Q

can determine whether a suite of rocks is related through a process such as magmatic differentiation or mixing.

A

Major element geochemistry

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2
Q

is used to identify the role various minerals may have played as either crystallizing phases or residual phases in a suite of rocks.

A

Trace element geochemistry

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3
Q

and stable isotopes, can determine whether a suite of rocks formed from a single magma, or whether a more complex, multisource process was involved.

A

Isotope geochemistry

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4
Q

What does the AP line in the QAPF plot represent

A

line of SiO2 saturation

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5
Q

contain complete crystal faces that are not impinged upon by other crystals

A

Euhedral

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6
Q

contain partially complete crystal forms in which at least one of the crystal faces is impinged upon by adjacent rock material

A

Subhedral

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7
Q

crystals lack any observable crystal faces

A

Anhedral

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8
Q

contain small crystals less than 1 mm in diameter that are not generally discernible to the eye

A

Aphanitic

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9
Q

characterized by large crystals averaging more than 30 mm in diameter

A

Pegmatite

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10
Q

igneous rock that consist of two distinctly different size crystals

A

Porphyritic

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11
Q

frequently used to refer to volcanic materials ejected from a volcanic vent

A

Pyroclastic

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12
Q

fragments form by mechanical friction during movement of lava and breakage of cool brittle
outer margins, or gravity crumbling of spines and domes Reworking

A

Autoclastic Fragments

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13
Q

Volcaniclastics that are formed by magma-water interaction

A

Hydroclasts

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14
Q

clasts of volcanic composition derived from erosion of volcanoes or ancient volcanic terrane with no volcanic edifice

A

Epiclasts

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15
Q

Nearly molten bombs, usually basaltic, that readily weld upon impact to form agglutinate

A

Splatter

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16
Q

Less vesicular than pumice sinks in water more mafic than pumice no size limitations

A

Scoria

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17
Q

Lapillus size particles formed by concentric accretion of ash

A

Accretionary Lapilli

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18
Q

Particles ( lithic, vitric) derived from new magma

A

Essential (juvenile)

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19
Q

Particles derived from earlier eruptions at same volcanic center

A

Accessory (Cognate)

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20
Q

Particles of any origin or composition from rocks through which the vent penetrates

A

Accidental

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21
Q

grains with rectangular tablet shapes

A

tabular

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22
Q

if the rock contains numerous holes that were once occupied by a gas phase, then

A

vesivular

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23
Q

a texture consisting of intergrowths of quartz and alkali feldspar wherein the orientation of the quartz grains resembles cuneiform writing

A

Graphic

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24
Q

grains that have all of their boundaries of approximately length

A

Equant

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25
Q

describe grains that show an abundance of
prism faces

A

prismatic

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26
Q

if phenocrysts are found to occur as clusters of crystals, then the rock should
be described as

A

Glomeroporphyritic

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27
Q

if vesicles are so abundant that they make up over 50 of the rock and the rock has a
density less than 1

A

Pumiceous

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28
Q

if vesicles are so abundant that they make up over 50 of the rock and the rock has
a density greater than 1 then the rock is said to be

A

Scoriaceous

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29
Q

an intergrowth of quartz and plagioclase that shows small wormlike bodies of quartz enclosed in plagioclase This texture is found in granites

A

Myrmekitic

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30
Q

laths of plagioclase in a coarse grained matrix of pyroxene crystals, wherein the plagioclase is totally surrounded by pyroxene grains This

A

Ophitic

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31
Q

the plagioclase grains are not completely enclosed in a matrix of pyroxene grains

A

Subophitic

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32
Q

smaller grains of one mineral are completely enclosed in large, optically
continuous grains of another mineral

A

Poikilitic

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33
Q

a texture in which the angular interstices between plagioclase grains
are occupied by grains of ferromagnesium minerals such

A

Intergranular

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34
Q

a texture similar to intergranular texture except that the interstices
between plagioclase grains are occupied by glass or

A

Intersertal

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35
Q

Symmetry of Cubic Systems

A

4 3-fold axes

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36
Q

Symmetry of Tetragonal Systems

A

1 4-fold axes

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37
Q

Symmetry of Hexagonal Systems

A

1 6-fold axes

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38
Q

Symmetry of Trigonal Systems

A

1 3-fold axes

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39
Q

Symmetry of Orthorhombic Systems

A

3 2-fold axes

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40
Q

Symmetry of Monoclinic Systems

A

1 2-fold axes

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41
Q

Symmetry of Triclinic Systems

A

1 1fold axes

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42
Q

Shale, sandstone and limestone together form 95% of the sedimentary rock

A

95%

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43
Q

Shale comprises ____of the sedimentary crust, sandstone_____, and
limestone

A

66.5%
19%
9.5%

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44
Q

A galoon of sea water contains about ____ oz of salt

A

4.7 oz salt

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45
Q

results from metasomatism of granitic rocks

A

greisen

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46
Q

results from metasomatism of peridotite

A

serpentinite

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47
Q

results from high-grade regional metamorphism of basalt

A

Eclogite

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48
Q

Low P Moderate T, contact metamorphism facies

A

Ab-Ep Hornfels

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49
Q

Low P, Mod to high T, contact metamorphism facies

A

Hb Hornfels; Px Hornfels

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50
Q

Low P, high T, contact metamorphism facies

A

Sanidinite

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51
Q

Mod T, low P regional metamorphic facies

A

Prenite-Pumpellyite, Zeolite

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52
Q

Mod T, low to med P regional metamorphic facies

A

Greenschist

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53
Q

Mod T, med to high P regional metamorphic facies

A

Amphibolite

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54
Q

Mod T, high to very high P regional metamorphic facies

A

Granulite

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55
Q

Very high to High T, Low P Metamorphic Facies

A

Blueschist

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56
Q

Very high to High T, High P Metamorphic Facies

A

Eclogite

57
Q

Diganostic mineralogy of Zeolites

A

Qtz + Laumontite + Chl

58
Q

Diganostic mineralogy of Prenite-Pumpellyite

A

Prenite + Pumpellyite
No zeolites, glaucophane or Lawsonite
Metagraywackers: Albite +Prenite + Pumpellyite + Qtz + chl + spene

59
Q

Diganostic mineralogy of Blueschist

A

Glaucophane + Lawsonite

60
Q

Diganostic mineralogy of Greenschist

A

Characteristic Bluschist minerals absent
Basics : ab + ep + chl + act + cal
Pelitic : chl + mus + bio + chloritoid +- Pyrophyllite

61
Q

Diganostic mineralogy of Amphibolite

A

Disappearance of Albite
Basic: hbl + plag(oligo and andesine); ep and alamandine
Pelitic: micas w/ alamandinte, Staurolite, Kya, Silimanite

62
Q

Diganostic mineralogy of Granulite

A

Basic : Dio + Hypersthene +plag
Pelitic : Silimanite/Kyanite + perthitic felds + alamandine + cordierite

63
Q

Diganostic mineralogy of Ecolgiote

A

Basic : cpx + al-py garnet,
No feldspar

64
Q

Facies under Regional metamorphism

A

Zeolite, Prehnite-Pumellyite, Blueschist, Greenschist, Amphibolite, Granulite, Eclogite

65
Q

Diganostic mineralogy of Ab-Ep Hornfels

A

Basic : ab + chl + actinolite

66
Q

Diganostic mineralogy of Hb Hornfels

A

Basic : hbl + plag with ep or al
Pelitic: mica + andalusite, cordierite or silimanit
no kyanites

67
Q

Diganostic mineralogy of Px Hornfels

A

Basic : diop+ hypersthene + plag, no Amphiboles
Pelitic : silimanite + cor with Kfelds, No muscovite
Marble : Wollastonite + Cal + forsterite + Perclase

68
Q

Diganostic mineralogy of Sanidinite

A

Trdymite, Mullite, Monticellite, Larnite, Sanidine

69
Q

What would be the contact metamorphic counterpart of amphibolite in terms of mineralogy

A

Ab-Ep Hornfels

70
Q

What would be the contact metamorphic counterpart of greenschist in terms of mineralogy

A

Hb Hornfels; Px Hornfels

71
Q

What would be the contact metamorphic counterpart of granulite in terms of mineralogy

A

Px Hornfels

72
Q

Fe-Mg content of felsic magma

A

2%

73
Q

Fe-Mg content of intermediate magma

A

3%

74
Q

Fe-Mg content of mafic magma

A

4%

75
Q

Fe-Mg content of ultramafic magma

A

8-32%

76
Q
  • Phase boundary (line) that separates the all-liquid (melt) stability field from stability fields that contain at least some solid (crystals)
A

Liquidus

77
Q
  • Phase boundary (line) that separates the all-solid (crystal) stability field from stability fields that contain at least some liquid (melt)
A

Solidus

78
Q

Condition under which liquid (melt) is in equilibrium with two different solids

A

Eutectic

79
Q

Condition under which a reaction occurs between a pre-existing solid phase and a liquid (melt) to produce a new solid phase.

A

Peritectic

80
Q
  • Occurs when melts of the same composition are produced by melting rocks of different initial composition.
A

Invariant meting

81
Q

Occurs when a solid mineral phase melts to produce a melt and a different mineral with a different composition from the initial mineral.

A

Incongruent melting

82
Q
  • Mineral crystals and melt react to produce a completely different mineral; negligible solid solution exists between the minerals.
A

Discontinuous reaction

83
Q

Mineral crystals and melt react to continuously and incrementally change the composition of both; requires a mineral solid solution serie

A

Continuous reaction

84
Q

Phase boundary (line) that separates conditions in which complete solid solution occurs within a mineral series from conditions under which solid solution is limited.

A

Solvus

85
Q

Two components of Igneous Petrology and Definition

A

Igneous Petrography: description and classification of igneous rocks
Igneous Petrogenesis: Study of the origin and evolution of igneous rocks.

86
Q

Division of common minerals according to the IUGS classification

A

Q = Quartz
A = Alkali Felds
P = Plagioclase
F = Feldspathoids

87
Q

How does the upper portion of the QAPF differ from the bottom

A

Upper portion : Silica Saturated
Lower Portion : Silica Undersaturated

88
Q

In what kind of igneous rock is the QAPF applicable, in what kind it isnt

A

<90 % mafic, >90% Mafic

89
Q

Criterias in classifying igneous rocks

A

Minerals Presentr
Texture
Color
Chemical Composition

90
Q

Large crystals in a porphyritic rock are referred to as _____________, finer grained material constitutes the __________

A

Phenocryst, Groundmass

91
Q

What does texture refer to in the context of petroology

A

igneous rock’s crystal size, shape/form, and degree of crystallinity.

92
Q

Primary v Secondary Textures

A

Primary: forms during crystallization and results from the interactions of the melt and crystals
Secondary: formed due to alterations that take place after the rock is completely solid

93
Q

Nucleation

A

clustering of a critical size of compatible ions

94
Q

Undercooling

A

cooling of the melt way below the true crystallization temperature of the mineral

95
Q

What does fabirc refer to in the context of petroology

A

the mutual relationship between the grains

96
Q

idiomorphic granular

A

most of the grains are euhedral

97
Q

hypidiomorphic granular

A

most of the grains are subhedral

98
Q

allotriomorphic granular

A

most of the grains are anhedral

99
Q

Vesicular

A

if the rock contains numerous holes that were once occupied by a gas phase,

100
Q

Amygdular

A

if vesicles have been filled with material

101
Q

Spherulitic

A

found in glassy rhyolites wherein spherical intergrowths of radiating quartz and feldspar replace glass

102
Q

Obicular

A

restricted to coarser grained rocks that consists of concentrically banded spheres wherein the bands consist of alternating light colored and dark colored minerals

103
Q

Anorthosites can be found in,

A

Tonalites, Diorite, Gabbros, Dacite, Basalts

104
Q

Bywotonite can be found in

A

Granodiorite, Monozodirites, Monzogabbro, Dacite, Andesite,

105
Q

Labradorites can be found in

A

Granodiorite, Monozodirites, Monzogabbro, Dacite, Andesite,

106
Q

Andesines can be found in

A

Rhyolites, Trachytes, Latites, Granite, Syenites and Mozonites

107
Q

Oligoclase can be found in

A

Rhyolites, Trachytes, Latites, Granite, Syenites and Mozonites

108
Q

Albite can be found in

A

Alkali felds granite and syenites, Alkali Felds rhyolite and trachyte

109
Q

The deposition order of minerals in a setting where sea water evaporates

A

Calcite,
Gypsum or Anhydrite,
Halite

110
Q

Transgressive seas exhibit a carbonate-shale-sandstone sequence that

A

progressively migrates toward land.

111
Q

Zeolite group of minerals
AHSLW

A

Analcime
Heulandite,
Stillbite
Laumontite
Wairakite

112
Q

Pelitic Definition

A

metamorphosed fine-grained sedimentary rock, i.e. mudstone or siltstone.

113
Q

The zeolite and prehnite-pumpellyite facies result

A

from the burial of graywacke, shale, and malic volcanic rocks in a eugeosynclinal environment (i.e. subduction zones).

114
Q

Regionally metamorphosed rocks of the blueschist (also called glaucophane schist) facies develop in a

A

tectonically active eugeosynclinal environment along the continental margin.

115
Q

Greenschist facies develop in

A

a geosynclinal environment that has a normal geothermal gradient.

116
Q

The high-temperature boundary between the greenschist and amphibolite facies is marked by the disappearance of _____ as the amphibolite facies is entered.

A

albite

117
Q

Amphibolite facies rocks typically are found ___

A

underlying the greenschist facies in orogenic belts.

118
Q

Granulite facies are the

A

highest-grade metamorphic rock formed at normal geothermal gradients.

119
Q

Asbestos minerals found in amphiboles
ACTAA

A

Amosite
Crocodilite
Tremolite
Actinolite
Anthophyllit

120
Q

Asbestos mineral found in sepentines

A

Chrysotile

121
Q

Pyroclastic deposit with >64 mm for pyroclast, unconsolidated tephra, consaolidated pyroclastic rock

A

Bomb, Block
Agglomerate
Pyroclastic Breccia

122
Q

Pyroclastic deposit with 2 - 64mm for pyroclast, unconsolidated tephra, consaolidated pyroclastic rock

A

Lapillus
Lapili Tephra
Lapilistone

123
Q

Pyroclastic deposit with 1/16 - 2 mm for pyroclast, unconsolidated tephra, consaolidated pyroclastic rock

A

Fine Ash (Pyroclasts and Tephra
FineTuff

124
Q

Pyroclastic deposit with < 1/16 or pyroclast, unconsolidated tephra, consaolidated pyroclastic rock

A

Coarse Ash (Pyroclasts and Tephra
Coarse Tuff

125
Q

Degrees of Crystalinity and definition

A

Holocrystalline : wholly crystalline
Hypocrystalline: partially crystalline/partially glassy
Holohyaline: wholly glassy

126
Q

Subdivisions of Phaneritic rocks

A

Fine (1-3mm)
Medium (3-10mm)
Coarse (10-30mm)

127
Q

If a granitic rock has more than 50% phenocrysts, what would be its classification. What about less than 50% phenocrysts

A

Granite Porphyry; Porphyritic Granite

128
Q

Factors that affect the texture of igneous rock

A

Diffusion rate : rate at which atoms or molecules can move through the liquid
The rate of nucleation: chemical constituents of a crystal can come together in one place without dissolving
Crystal Growth Rate: new constituents can arrive at the surface of the growing crystal

129
Q

In which part of the nucleation and growth rate curves produces a phaneritic texture. Sketch the graph

A

High growth, low nucleation

130
Q

In which part of the nucleation and growth rate curves produces a aphanitic texture. Sketch the graph

A

Low growth, high nucleation

131
Q

In which part of the nucleation and growth rate curves produces a holohyaline texture. Sketch the graph

A

Low growth, low nucleation

132
Q

Magma Generation

A
  1. Increase of temp by radioactivity or heat flux (hot spots)
  2. Adiabatic decompressions (morbs)
  3. Addition of volatiles (subduction zones)
133
Q

Mohs Scale for common items

A

2.5 fingernail
3.5 copper penny
5.5 pocket knife
6.5 steel file

134
Q

Pyroclastic debris
0-25 % Blocks and Bombs
75 - 100 % Lapili

A

Lapili-stone

135
Q

Pyroclastic debris
0-25 % Blocks and Bombs
25 - 75 % Lapili

A

Lapili-Tuff

136
Q

Pyroclastic debris
0-25 % Blocks and Bombs
0-25 % Lapili

A

Tuff

137
Q

Pyroclastic debris
25 - 75 % Blocks and Bombs
0 - 100 % Lapili/Ash

A

Tuff-Breccia

138
Q

Pyroclastic debris
75 - 100 % Blocks and Bombs
0 - 100 % Lapili/Ash

A

Pyroclastic Breccia

Correl Finals (2 decks)

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