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Sicular > Day 2 - Peds cardio, endocrine, gi > Flashcards

Day 2 - Peds cardio, endocrine, gi Flashcards

1
Q

Treat lyme disease for >=8yo?

A

Doxycycline

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2
Q

Treat lyme disease for

A

Amoxicillin

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3
Q

Ring enhancing lesion = diff dx (3)?

A 
Toxoplasmosis (immuncompromised)
CNS lymphoma (immuncompromised)
Brain Abscess (immune competent)
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4
Q

loud continuous murmur = think?

A

PDA

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5
Q

PDA associated w/ what perinatal infection?

A

Rubella

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6
Q

infants get tetanus how?

A

umbilical stump infx

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7
Q

infant meningitis w/in 1mo most often caused by? (3)

A

1) GBS
2) E.coli
3) Listeria

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8
Q

baby meningitis after >1mo most often cause by? (3)

A

Strep Pneumo
HiB
N. meningitidis

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9
Q

tinea capita treatment?

A

oral griseofulvin

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10
Q

Hair broken off at the shaft on head, spores = think?

A

tinea capita

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11
Q

things from cats –>?

A

1) Bartonella (cat scratch) - immune compentent
2) Toxo (cat litter) -
3) Pastuerella (cat bite)-

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12
Q

Kid bitten by domestic animal don’t want to kill and you have the animal, what do you do?

A

Observe animal for suggestion of rabies

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13
Q

Wild Animal (but don’t care about) it bit someone and you captured it, what do you do?

A

Kill animal and examine brain for signs of rabies

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14
Q

Wild animal bites someone, but you don’t have it. Treat how?

A

Rabies immunoglobuline and vaccine

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15
Q

Nitroblue tetrazolium tests for?

A

Chronic granulomatous disease

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16
Q

Repeat staph infx –>think?

A

Chronic granulomatous disease

b/c staph is catalase+

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17
Q

Repeat staph and strep infx –> think?

A

Lots of bacterial infx –> think B cell issue

Immunglobulin level probably messed up

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18
Q

Scotch tape test+ –> ?

A

Enterobious (pinworm)

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19
Q

Treat Enterobious (pinworm) w/?

A

Bendazoles

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20
Q

In America treat parasites w/?

A

Bendazoles (worms are bendy!)

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21
Q

Scabies treatment?

A

Permethrin cream

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22
Q

Permethrin cream treats?

A

Scabies

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23
Q

Painless lesion on penis = think?

A

Syphillis

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24
Q

Treat syphillis how?

A

IM benzathine penicillin G

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25
Treat gonorrhea how?
IM ceftriaxone
26
Treat chlamydia how?
Oral doxycycline
27
post-occipital lymph nodes = think?
Rubella
28
Bells palsy cause by?
- Lyme disease | - Viral Illnesses
29
Rash on hands + ticks = think?
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (Rickettsia)
30
Treat Rickettsia w/?
Doxycycline! (regardless of age, diff from lyme disease)
31
Transient erythroblastemia of childhood is?
Post-infx --> Ab attack RBCs in bone marrow --> anemia --> resolves spontaneously Postinfx autoimmune disease
32
Wiskott Aldrich syndrome Pneumonic = (tells you main clinical findings)?
WATERS ``` Wiskott Aldrich Thrombocytopenia Eczema Recurrent Sinusitis ```
33
Thrombocytopenia, eczema, recurrent sinusistis = think?
Wiskott Aldrich
34
Lead poisoning treatment?
- Mild lead level (45), but not much symp = oral succimer | - High level + severe symps (esp neurologic issues) - EDTA + BAL
35
low or high cell counts of all 3 cell lines + splenomegaly + pain in both legs = think?
leukemia
36
Hemarthrosis = think?
Hemophilia
37
Perifollicular hemorrhage = think?
Vitamin C deficiency
38
Oozing bleeding around venipuncture sites = think?
DIC
39
Diagnostic study for hemophilia?
Plasma mixing study | - determines whether issue is b/c don't have factor or whether bc you have Ab against factor (latter is not hemophilia)
40
worried about brain swelling or spinal cord swelling, treat w/?
STEROIDS
41
large platelets = think?
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
42
Baby jaundice = pathway of thought?
1) Unconjugated vs Conjugated | 2) Timing
43
Baby jaundice unconjugated (indirect) = ?
w/in: 1 day - ABO or Rh incompatability 1-7 days - Breast feeding jaundice (poor intake --> feed baby better) or Physiologic jaundice >7 days - Breast milk jaundice (molecules w/in milk effecting conjugation --> stop breast milk temporarily)
44
Neonatal conjugated jaundice (direct) =?
OBSTRUCTION! | - Biliary atresia
45
Baby w/ mixed conjugation (both indirect and direct) =?
liver problem (ie neonatal Hepatitis)
46
Pseudoappendicitis = think? (2)
- Meckel's (Peritoneal signs) | - Yersenia (NO peritoneal signs)
47
transmural inflammation in GI = think?
Crohn's
48
Billious vomiting in Infant = diffdx (4)?
- Hirschsprung Disease - Intestinal atresia - Malrotation - Meconium Ileus (w/ Cystic Fibrosis)
49
Superficial ulcerations in rectum = think?
Ulcerative Colitis
50
c-anca associated w/ ?
Wegner's
51
Anti-Smith specific for?
Lupus
52
Babys of moms w/ DM (I/II) = anomalies?
- Neural tube defects (sacrotubal agegensis) - Transposition of great vessels - Small Left Colon (difficult to pass meconium) - Macrosomia
53
Aniridia
Lack of iris
54
WAGR = ?
Wilms tumor Aniridia (lack of iris) GI abnormalities Retardation
55
Specific confirmatory test for diabetes?
Antiglutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies | helps diagnose type 1 - autoimmune DM
56
Hirschsprung dx pathway --> (4)?
1) Digital rectal 2) Anorectal manometry 3) Barium enema 4) Full thickness biopsy of rectal mucosa (confirmatory)
57
Dehydration due to vomiting and diarrhea--> what sodium levels (serum Na, serum OSM, urine Na, urine OSM)?
Dehydration --> urine is concentrated (losing water elsewhere so not peeing it out too -- body trying to keep) --high urine OSM Vomiting + diarrhea --> losing a lot of Na --> aldosterone pulls Na out of urine --> low serum Na and OSM, and low urine Na
58
gaseous distention of the stomach and proximal duodenum on xray =?
"Double Bubble Sign" = duodenal atresia
59
Autoantibodies you can test for for DM (4)?
- Anti-Glutamic decarboxylase Ab - Anti-Islet Cell Ab - Anti-Insulin Ab - Anti Zinc transporter Ab
60
Hemangiomas in kids = complications and treatment (skin & liver)?
Hemangioma on skin = reassure, self regresses Hemangioma on Liver = dangerous, take up a lot of blood flow --> high output cardiac failure (CHF) + thrombocytopenia + potential bleeding, will self regress (so just monitor unless cardiac issues arise)
61
Grey-white lens opacities = think?
Cataracts
62
Infants w/ cataracts = diff dx?
- Congenital Rubella - Galactosemia - Hurler's Disease + Hunter's Disease (mucopolysaccarhides diseases)
63
Intusseption dx pathway (3)?
1) X-ray 2) U/S 3) Air contrast enema (can be treatment too)
64
Premature baby w/ GI problems = think?
Necrotizing enterocolitis
65
Primary amenorrhea main 3 causes?
- Turners - Imperferate Hymen - Androgen Insensitivity (Testicular Feminization)
66
Dx and Treatment pathway for prolactinoma? (4)
1) prolactin level 2) MRI head 3) Dopamine agonist med 4) if med doesn't work, surgery
67
Virilized female genitalia (normal internal) main cause?
CAH (17 Hydroxyprogesterone deficiency) | - Na and K opposites (low Na and high K)
68
No thymic shadow = think (2)?
- Digeorge | - SCID
69
Right sided aortic arch + no thymic shadow = think?
Di George
70
Confirmatory test for DiGeorge?
PC genotyping
71
Macroglossia = think (2)?
- Beckwith Wedermen | - Congenital Hypothyroidism
72
Most common congenital hypothyroidism in America? in World?
USA: Thyroid dysgenesis World: Iodine deficiency
73
Common valve for endocarditis
Mitral
74
High pitched blowing systolic ejection murmur at apex = think?
Mitral regurge
75
Epstein anomaly heart is big or small?
VERY BIG
76
Congenital cardiac problems, if cyanotic issue starts w/?
T! | R--> L
77
baby born w/ congenital cyanosis --> most likely cause?
Transposition of the great arteries
78
Most likely cause of congenital cyanosis of a child?
Tetralogy of Fallot
79
Lithium can cause what?
- Nephrogenic DI | - Epstein Anamoly
80
New systolic heart murmur while being evaluated for fever --> think?
Innocent heart murmur (low grade 1-2/6)
81
Venous hum heard where and associated w/?
- Heard in back or neck | - jugular venous flow
82
late systolic murmur preceded by a click at the apex = think?
Mitral Valve Prolapse
83
Widely fixed and split second heart sound = ?
Atrial Septal Defect
84
Down syndrome w/ diastolic and systolic murmur w/ fixed wide splitting, caused by?
Endocardial cushion defect (ASD and VSD)
85
Acute treatment of heart failure in kids and adults ?
Furosemide
86
Decrease morbidity and mortality in heart failure long term in kids and adults (3)?
ACE inhibitors Beta blockers Spirinolactone
87
Anomalous coronary artery origin is?
- Coronary arteries start in abnl places --> poor bld flow to heart --> can cause MI - Can't pick up on echo
88
Continuous murmur (systole into diastole) =?
PDA
89
Definitive Treatment of PDA?
Clip/ligation
90
Transposition definitive treatment?
Arterial switch
91
Definitive Treatment ASD or VSD w/?
Patch placement
92
Cyanotic infant + increased pulmonary vascular markings = think?
T's that have pulm obstruction (ie total anamoulous pulmonary venous return)
93
Most likely heart complication of rheumatic fever?
Mitral valve disease after mitral would be aortic (2nd)
94
Upper R sternal border hearing murmur, likely valve?
Aorta
95
Rib notching occurs on anterior or posterior ribs?
Posterior
96
To confirm dx of rheumatic fever what lab value can confirm?
Elevated anti-DNase B titer
97
newborn with primary heart failure (ie not secondary to sepsis), think?
Coxsackie virus B | --> myocarditis --> heart failure
98
Palpable purpura you know what type of disease?
Vasculitis
99
Palpable purpuric lesions on thighs or kid = think?
Henloch Schloen Purpura
100
ITP causes what type of purpura?
NON-palpable
101
Henloch Schloen Purpura effects what maj organ?
Kidney (so may see RBCs in urine)
102
2 most common cause of high blood pressure in adults and adolescents?
1) Idiopathic (primary) | 2) RENAL disease
103
Does ventilation help transposition of great vessels?
NO -- it will not get in to the system so more air doesn't help
104
What is initial treatment of Transposition of great vessels?
Prostaglandin E drip to keep PDA patent
105
Rheumatic
JONES criteria ``` Joints (migratory polyarthritis) O - heart Nodules (subcutaneous) Erythema marginatum Chorea ``` If comparing to Lyme, lymes come in stages rheum has it more symp at once
106
Treatment of SVT (mild, mod, severe presentation)?
- mild (no VS effected) - Vasovagal stim (icebag on face, carotid massage) - mod (VS effected, but heart still working) - IV adenosine - severe (heart failure, pulm edema) - Synchronized DC Cardioversion
107
Hypoplastic Left Heart --> what sounds and pulse strength?
- pulse weak | - Loud second heart sound
108
Continuous murmur = think?
PDA!
109
PCOS triad of symptoms?
- Hyperandrogenism signs (ie hirsutism) - Irregular menses - Ultrasound findings of polycystic ovaries
110
Porcelain gallbladder inc risk for what?
Gallbladder cancer
111
If has porcelain gallbladder (calcified gallbladder) treat?
Prophylactic removal b/c risk of gallbladder cancer
112
What is porcelain gallbladder
Calcified gallbladder

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