DAY 2:Disease Flashcards
Define chronic diseases
illness typically that last longer than 3 months
Define comorbidity
the simultaneous presence of 2 chronic diseases or conditions in a patient
having a comorbidity will increase a patients complexity and health risk
What are 4 ways that patients with comorbidity are complex
1) treatment of one disease may affect or contradict the treatment of the second
2) adverse drug interactions
3) compounding symptoms may lead to poor compliance with treatment plans
4) if both illnesses affect a specific organ system, the patient is at increased risk of organ failure
What is the etiology of HTN
an increase in blood pressure causes excess force against the arterial walls,damaging arteries over time
What are risk factors of HTN ( 5)
FHx of HTN,obesity,high sodium diet,smoking, ETOH
What are the symptoms of HTN
often asymptomatic
headaches
What is the diagnosis of HTN
diagnosed through blood pressure reading
Define systolic blood pressure
measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts ( beats)
Define diastolic blood pressure
measures the pressure in the arteries when relaxed ( between heart beats)
What are the numbers needed for hypotensive
Sys: less than 90
Dia: less than 60
What are the numbers needed for normal
Sys: 90 t0 120
Dia: 60 to 80
What are the numbers needed for prehypertensive
Sys: 121 to 140
Dia: 81 to 90
What are the numbers needed for hypertensive
Sys: greater than 140
Dia: greater than 90
What conditions can hypertension lead to (5)
Impaired vision, CVA,CAD,CHF,Renal failure
What are 4 non-pharmacological management of HTN
low sodium diet
smoking and etoh cessation(vasoconstrictors)
exercise
bp log at home
What 4 type of pharmacological management for HTN are there
ACE inhibitors
Ca channel blockers
diuretics
ARBs
What are ACE inhibitors and name 3 examples
relax arteries and block reabsorption of water by kidneys
lisinopril,lotensin,zestril
What are Ca Channel Blockers and give 2 examples
dilate the arteries and reduce the force of the heart’s contractions
norvasc and cardizem
What are diurectics and give an example
reduce the volume of fluid in the blood vessel by urinating excess fluid
hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
What are ARBs and give 2 examples
dilate the arteries
cozaar and benicar
What is type 1 DM
insulin insufficiency
pancreas is unable to produce insulin which moves glucose from the blood into cells
5% of DM patients
treated with insulin
What is type 2 DM
insulin resistance
consistently high blood glucose levels cause cells to become resistant to insulin
95% of DM patients
can be treated with diet changes,non-insulin meds, or insulin
FHx component but also SHx factors including diet and exercise
T or F: can type 1 and type 2 DM can be insulin dependent
True
What is the etiology of DM
the inadequacy of insulin in controlling the blood glucose level ( insulin resistance)
