Day 2

Question 1

What are the three Programming methodologies?

Answer 1

1. Unstructured
2. Procedural
3. Object- oriented

Question 2

Describe Unstructured programs

Answer 2

a. Methodology is used for small, simple programs designed to run on dedicated hardware.
b. Difficult to manage once they grow in size and complexity

Question 3

Describe Procedural Programs

Answer 3

a. Sometimes called a subprogram, subroutine, or function.
b. Source code organized by task with main block being able to call upon any procedure at any time
c. Reduces debugging by reducing amount of code.
d. When finished returns to call position

Question 4

Describe Object-Oriented Programs

Answer 4

a. Method that uses concept of objects and their interactions to design applications.
b. Allows data to control what actions are available.
c. It’s COMPLEX

Question 5

What are the two concepts that define each item in the real world?

Answer 5

1. Attributes- characteristics of an objects

2. Behaviors- actions (methods) an object can perform

Question 6

What is a class?

Answer 6

• Blueprint that defines the abstract details of a thing; attributes and behaviors
• REMEMBER: CAB

Question 7

What are attributes and behaviors collectively?

Answer 7

Members of the class

Question 8

Define: Object
Known as an instance of a class and does not exist until the programmer creates it.
Remember: OCM

Answer 8

Known as an instance of a class and does not exist until the programmer creates it.
	Remember: OCM

Question 9

What are the 3 most common techniques of OOP?

Answer 9

1. Encapsulation: conceals the functional details of a class
   a. Includes data and functions- ensures objects integrity
2. Inheritance: child class inherits attributes and behaviors from an existing parent class. New class is subclass.
3. Polymorphism: allows programmer to treat derived class members (child classes) just like their parents. Allows modification to achieve different result.

Question 10

Define: Dot Notation

Answer 10

Provides a means to access the data and methods of an object.

Question 11

Define: Program

Answer 11

series of instructions a computer follows to achieve a goal.

Question 12

Define: Program Flow

Answer 12

Flow of execution. Process of how a program executes.

Question 13

What are the 3 structural components of computer programs?

Answer 13

1. Sequential Action  Linear progression of tasks
2. Branches  Selection of different courses of action
3. Loops  Repetition structure that can potentially process the same sequence of statements multiple times.

Question 14

Define: Pseudocode

Answer 14

Structured, natural language to abstract the technical details and programming syntax away from the reader.

Question 15

Describe an IF statement:

Answer 15

• Evaluates a Boolean condition and executes statements only if the resulting condition is true.
• Only the first IF statement is necessary, the ELSE IF and ELSE are optional and only when logic dictates that more than one action may be necessary for a given condition.

Question 16

Describe a WHILE LOOP:

Answer 16

• Checks a Boolean expression before it loops; if true, it executes.
• Cycle continues until Boolean condition becomes false.

Question 17

Describe a FOR and FOREACH LOOP:

Answer 17

• Also referred to as a counting loop

* For each are another repetition structure for traversing items in a collection.

Question 18

Define NESTING:

Answer 18

• Method of using loops within one another.

* Indentation of nested constructs clearly shows the flow of execution.

Question 19

FLOWCHARTS

Answer 19

• Terminal - beginning or end of a program
• Process - Action to be executed
• Input/Output - Aquire data from a user or display data to a user.
• Decision - Branch based on a Boolean decision
• Predefined Process - formally defined process, function, or subroutine that is defined elsewhere
• Flowline - Direction of program flow

Question 20

Stages of compilation

Answer 20

1. Pre-processor – source code into logical file
2. Compilation – logical file then goes through conversion process to generate assembly language
3. Assembly – the assembly code from the previous stage runs through another conversion process to generate Object code (machine code)
4. Linking – takes the object code and links together any third party libraries of pre-written code producing an executable file.