Day 1

Question 1

Define: Software Development Life Cycle

Answer 1

systematic approach to understand customer’s needs

Question 2

What are the four phases of the SDLC?

Answer 2

1. Requirements
2. Design
3. Testing and Deployment
4. Support

Question 3

Explain important aspects of Requirements Phase

Answer 3

• customer wants/needs
• Functional requirements
• Data requirements (data meaning and structure)
• Limitations of the systems, network, and policies

Question 4

Explain: Design Phase

Answer 4

acceptable solution by analyzing requirements, developing step by step solution to the problem, and writing software.

Question 5

Three Stages of Design Phase

Answer 5

1. Requirements Analysis- reviewed to solve customer’s problem (limitations and expectations)
2. Program Design - step by step solution (maps solution with programming techniques), requirements analysis. Verify program functionality. (flowcharts and pseudocode)
3. Coding- test cases executed after every code module to verify code functionality.

Question 6

Testing and Deployment Phase

Answer 6

ensures that the software meets the end users needs.

Question 7

3 types of testing in T&D phase

Answer 7

1. Unit testing- done by programmer
2. QA Testing - done by someone other than the programmer
3. Beta Testing- release version is made and delivered to customer. Done with limited group of customers when the system is put into action with real data on a real system

Question 8

Support Phase

Answer 8

provides software maintenance for the deployed product. Keeps program relevant, secure, and up to date.

Question 9

What are the four software maintenance categories?

Answer 9

1. Corrective
2. Adaptive
3. Perfective
4. Preventive

Question 10

Define: Corrective maintenance

Answer 10

Reactive modification of a software produce performed to correct discovered problems

Question 11

Define: Adaptive maintenance

Answer 11

modification of a software product to keep a software product usable in a changed or changing environment. (e.g. OS updates)

Question 12

Define: Perfective

Answer 12

Modification of a software product to improve/enhance performance or maintainability (e.g. algorithm efficiency)

Question 13

Define: Preventive

Answer 13

Modification of a software product to detect and correct latent faults before they become effective faults (e.g. testing done by the developer to prevent bugs)

Question 14

Define: Debugging

Answer 14

methodical process of finding and reducing the number of bugs in a computer program.

Question 15

What are the 3 common methods of debugging?

Answer 15

1. Debugger or Debugging Tool- program that allows a programmer to step through program one line at a time. (remember popular debugger IDA)
2. Print Statements- added to display program state, variable values, or markers to identify where issues reside
3. Logs- Instead of printing to screen, the program prints the program state to a log file.

Question 16

GEN I: Machine Language

Answer 16

first generation of programming languages.

Question 17

Gen II: Assembly Language

Answer 17

earliest human readable.
composed of commands called mnenomics.
pros- very small and fast. direct access to hardware, and specialized hardware.
cons- requires detailed knowledge, and long and difficult to read.

Question 18

Gen III : Compiled Language

Answer 18

allows programmers to spend more time writing code and less time worrying about platform specific eccentricities.

Question 19

Compiler

Compiled Program

Answer 19

1. process of taking a compiler language statements and converting them to machine code.
2. The result of compiling the source code. AKA executable binary.

Question 20

Pros and Cons of Compiled Language

Answer 20

Pros: takes a fraction of the time, can be used on different computer systems, and compilers catch programming errors and warn programmer.
Cons: usually slower than assembly and require more resources.

Question 21

Define: Source Code

Answer 21

Plain text, human readable

Question 22

What is the output of the compiler specific to?

Answer 22

It is CPU specific

Question 23

Gen III: Interpreted/ Scripted Language

Answer 23

• user invokes the interpreter to translate source code.
• interpreter converts source code at run-time
• Python is an example

Question 24

Pros and Cons of Interpreted/ Scripted Language

Answer 24

Pros: executes on any platform, useful for small tasks, allows immediate implementation by bypassing compiler step, suitable for constantly changing data such as webpages.
Cons: slower execution, source code required on computer, not suitable for large scale, complex tasks, rarely interact with specialized functions of hardware.

Question 25

Gen III- Just in Time (JIT) Compilation

Answer 25

blurs lines between compiled and interpreted. Source code compiled to intermediate byte instead of machine code. VM translates byte into machine code at runtime. Cross Platform
examples: Java (interpreted by JBC), C# (interpreted by the .NET VM)

Question 26

Pros and Cons

Answer 26

-improved performance bc it caches results
-code can be recompiled at any time
-single program can run on hardware ranging from fridge to mobile phone.
Cons:
-slower than assembly and compiled
-VMs must be updated regularly

Question 27

Define: Porting

Answer 27

process of taking a program from one programming language or system architecture and modifying it to work in a different programming language or system architecture