day 11-15 Flashcards
alloy
v. mix, blend, fuse, compound
account
ex. John Reed wrote a famous account of the Russian Revolution.
description, narrative, explanation(기술)
barely
adv. scarcely, hardly
거의,~없다.
carry on
phr. continue
cohesion
n. bond, unity
coincide 2의미
- v. exist at the same time, occur at the same time
동시에 일어나다. - v.agree, concur
colossal
adj. enormous, monstrous, gigantic, tremendous
considerrable
adj. 1. significant, substantial, meaningful
2. large, big, sizable
converge
ex. Curious onlookers began to converge at the scene of the crime.
v. meet, come together, merge
conviction
n. strong belief, strong opinion, faith
covet
ex. One of the Ten Commandments states, “ Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor’s wife.”
v. desire, long for, aspire to, envy, crave
defect
n. shortcoming, blemish, fault, flaw
defection
ex. The congressman’s defection from his political party caused lots of controversy.
n. apostasy (변절, 탈당)
opp. loyalty
dull
ex. Edward needed someone who could bring joy and laughter into his dull days.
adj. boring, prosaic, uninteresting, tiresome, tiring
endeavor
ex. Although she was exhausted, Corinne endeavored to work hard and finish painting the house before nightfall.
v. strive, struggle, attempt
flock
n. group, herd, bevy
grant
ex. Leonard willingly granted the institute a sum of $10 million.
v. bestow, confer, award
hustle 2 meanings
opp. dawdle
v. 1. rush, hurry, hasten
v. 2.push, shove
intermediate
ex. Neanderthals were intermediate between ape and man
adj. between extremes, mean, median, halfway (중간의)
intolerant
opp. forbearing
ex. Lily is intolerant of any opinion that differs from her own.
adj. bigoted, illiberal(옹졸한, 편협한)
kind 2meanings
adj. 1. benign, humane, compassionate
n. 2. type, sort, variety
limit 2meanings
n. 1. bound, boundary
v. 2. restrict, confine
militia
n. military, army
moreover
adv. in addition, additionally, as well, besides
necessary
adj. required, indispensable, essential
obstruct
v.block, bar, hinder, impede
on the spot
phr. instantly, immediately
partial
adj. 1.biased, prejudiced, unfair
2. incomplete, fractional
pacid
adj. calm, serene,tranquil, untroubled
porosity
n. space, pore; porousness
reform
v. amend, improve, ameliorate
rigid 2meanings
adj. 1. stiff, hard, inflexible
2. strict, severe, rigorous
scarcity
n. lack, shortage, insufficiency, deficiency
adaptable
adj. flexible, adjustable, malleable
adhesion
n. getting together, sticking together
blame
v. incriminate, reproach, censure, condemn (비난하다)
chaotic
adj. disorganized, disordered, anarchic
comprehend
v. grasp, perceive, apprehend
decided
adj. obvious, definite; resolute, determined (분명한; 단호한)
displace
v. supplant, replace
enclose
v. surround, circle, encompass(애워싸다)
entail
v. involve, require
excel
v. be superior to, surpass, outdo, transcend 능가하다, 빼어나다
expend
v. use, spend (시간, 노력 등을)쓰다, 들이다
facility
n. aptitude, skill, ability
genre
n.sort, kind, type, style
illustrate
v. represent, picture
infrastructure
n. foundation, base, basis, groundwork (기반, 하부구조)
inhibit
v. hinder, limit; ban, prohibit, forbid 억제하다; 금지하다
involve
v. include, entail ~을 수반하다
lease
v. rent, hire, charter 빌리다
likewise
adv.also, as well; similarly
limited
adj. narrow, confined, restricted
lodge in
phr. embed,implant
mingle
v. unite, mix, blend
obligation
n. requirement, duty, responsibility
oblige
v. require, compel, force, impel 강요하다
offer
v. present, proffer, tender (제공하다, 제안하다)
on occasion
phr. occasionally, periodically
pare
v. peel, skin; reduce, whittle, trim 껍찔을 벗기다; 삭감하다
predominately
adv. primarily, predominantly, chiefly
preordained
adj. determined beforehand, predestined 예정된
render 3 meanings
ex. Tom’s back injury rendered him physically unable to work.
ex. The government rendered the Cuban refugees all necessary assistance.
ex. The New York Poets rendered experience as pure phenomenon rather than as representative subject.
v.1. make ~가 되게 하다
Tom’s back injury rendered him physically unable to work
v.2.provide, give, afford, impart
v.3.represent
renown
n. fame, repute, distinction, reputation
opp. infamy
repel
v. drive away, repulse, parry 물리치다
opp. allure
sanitation
n.health, hygiene
scorching
adj. exceedingly hot, boiling, broiling (몹시 뜨거운, 더운)
secluded
adj. remote, isolated, solitary (외딴)
spare 2meanings
ex. 1.Ian spent all the time he could spare from his duties studying physics.
2. Irene tried to find time to spare for The Literacy Project.
v. 1.save, economize 절약하다.
2. give, afford, allow 주다, (시간을) 할애하다
stimulating
adj. restorative, refreshing, inspiring (활기를 주는, 자극을 주는)
opp. deadening
typify
ex. The art of Bali is typified by strong colors and dramatic movement.
v. represent, embody, symbolize (대표하다, 특징을 나타내다)
wholesale
adj. extensive, indiscriminate 대규모의
opp. constricted
admire
ex. The whole world admired Amelia Earhart’s successful attempt to fly across the Atlantic.
v. esteem, respect
opp. despise
adroit
ex. Hillary Clinton is a good politician because she is adroit at gaining people’s trust.
adj. skillful, dexterous, proficient
opp. incompetent
ambivalent
ex. Joe has ambivalent feelings about getting back into a relationship with his ex-girlfriend.
adj. unsure, mixed, undecided (불확실한, 상반된 감정이 공존하는)
opp. certain
camouflage
ex. Captain Stencil ordered his troops to camouflage the trenches dug around the battlefields in order to surprise the enemy.
v. hide, disguise, conceal (감추다, 위장하다)
composed 2meanings.
ex. 1. Kennedy seemed very composed in spite of the stress he was under.
2. The newly composed Weekly Leading Index is a balance of seven major economic indicators.
- adj. calm, tranquil
2. adj. created, written,formed
conceal
v. hide, cover, obscure, mask, bury
opp. reveal
deliberate 2meanings.
opp. casual
ex. 1. The Parliament reduced funding for many programs in a deliberate effort to cut the deficit.
2. The film’s graphic scenes were a deliberate attempts to grab the attention of a specific audience.
- adj. careful, thoughtful, cautious
2. adj. intentional, designed, planned, voluntary
exhilarate
ex. The student was exhilarated when he won a scholarship.
v. excite, thrill, elate (들뜨게하다)
exposure
n. disclosure, revelation, uncovering, unveiling
폭로, 발각
glow
v. shine, radiate, beam
hiatus
n. break, interruption, gap
incinerate
ex.The rebels would pillage the farmer’s villages and incinerate them to the ground.
v. burn
ineffectively
ex. If professors express themselves ineffectively, students can’t be expected to excel.
adv. without any result, inefficiently, unproductively (비효과적으로)
inert
ex. At the end of the day, Joseph spends half an hour lying inert on the sofa.
adj. motionless, inactive, stationary (자동력이 없는, 움직일수 없는)
luster
ex. The new cosmetics line will add luster to the skin and hair.
n. sheen, brightness, brilliance, radiance (광채)
massive
ex.Massive ships in the Spanish Armada could easily endure the attack of a huge cannon.
adj. huge, colossal, enormous, bulky, large 거대한, 막대한
opp. puny
occupy
ex. The school teacher prepared several activities to keep the children occupied.
v. engross, engage, absorb ( 주의, 마음을) 끌다, 사로잡다.
precede
ex. A recovery in airline stocks typically precedes a rebound in the economy.
v. come before, antecede, forerun
purchase
v. buy, procure
restrict
v. limit, confine, restrain 제한하다
rupture
ex. The rupture in Amy and Diana’s friendship was never healed.
Patty ruptured her eardrum at the loud rock concert.
n. 1.breach; burst (불화, 파열)
v. 2.break apart, burst, split, tear(찢다, 파열시키다)
scrutiny
n. examination, investigation, inspection 정밀조사
seductive
opp. repulsive
ex. Nothing is more seductive than the promise of getting something for nothing.
adj. tempting, enticing 유혹적인
seep
ex. The gas seeped throughout the entire building before anyone noticed the leaking valve.
v. go through slowly, pass through slowly, permeate 스며들다
segment
ex. The four-hour television program was separated into segments.
n. portion, division, section, part 부분
shatter
v. break, pulverize, smash, crash (박살내다)
shock
v. jolt,startle, stun
significant
adj. important, essential, considerable, substantial, serious
slab
n. single piece of material (조각)
slaughter
v. massacre, butcher, kill (학살하다)
strife
ex. Selfishness is a major cause of strife in modern society.
opp. accord
n. conflict, struggle, fight
style
ex. The boss employs an abrasive style of leadership in his relations with employees.
n. mode, manner, technique
sustained
adj. continued, constant, prolonged, steady
temperance
opp. intemperance
n. moderation, continence, self-discipline 자제, 절제
tremendous
ex. The Arab-Israeli conflict has had a tremendous impact on the world economy.
adj. huge, great, gigantic, colossal
opp. minute
vivid
opp. lifeless
adj. bright, brilliant; graphic, pictorial
wedge
ex. Every morning Cynthia wedges herself into the shuffling crowd on the subway.
v. cram, squeeze, crowd
opp. loosen up
actually
ex. THe transmission screen displays the picture that is actually being broadcast on the air
adv. in fact, as a matter of fact, literally 실제로
adorn
v. decorate, beatify, ornament
opp. disfigure
calculate
ex. Before deciding whether or not he could afford a new jeep, Jason calculated his expenses and earnings.
v. figure, determine (추정하다, 어림잡다)
claim
opp. renounce
v. call for, declare, demand, request
commemorate
v. celebrate
conformity
opp. discord
n. agreement, accordance
copious
adj. plentiful, ample, bountiful
desire
v. covet, long for; seek, request
diligently
adv. assiduously, carefully, earnestly, industriously
enthrall
opp. repulse
v. fascinate, captivate, enchant, mesmerize
feast 2meanings
n. 1. celebration, festival, fiesta
v. 2. eat, gorge, indulge(배불리 먹다)
gather
v. collect, aggregate, assemble (모으다)
opp. scatter
gauge
v. measure, calculate, appraise
평가하다, 판단하다
glue
opp. unfasten
v. stick, fix, cement, paste
grand
opp. trivial
adj. imposing, stately, august
hearten
v. encourage, inspire, cheer
opp. dampen
hub
n. center
hybrid
n. combination, cross, mixture
impetus
n. stimulus
improvise
v. extemporize, ad-lib (연주, 연설 등을 )즉흥적으로 하다.
opp. rehearse
irresistible
adj. attractive, fascinating; overwhelming
incised
ex. Subtle lighting emphasizes delicately incised patterns and surface inflections.
adj. carved (새겨진)
inherent in
phr. characteristic of, built in (내재된)
juvenile
adj. children’s, puerile, young
main
adj. chief, prime, principal
negligence
n. carelessness
outweigh
v. preponderate, outbalance, override, prevail over
pigment
n. color, dye, tincture
plausible
adj. believable, credible, likely, probable
prudent
opp. imprudent
adj. cautious, discreet, careful, wary
revise
v. modify, correct, alter, edit
spirit
n. mind
skillful
opp. maladroit
adj. deft, skilled, adept, dexterous, adroit, proficient 숙련된
tenet
n. principle, doctrine, dogma (원칙)
transformation
n. change, conversion, metamorphosis
traverse
v. cross, go across, pass
unbearably
adv. extremely
variable
ex. The weather is rather variable in South Africa.
adj. unstable, changeable, inconstant, fickle (변하기 쉬운)
while
con. 1. during the time; as long as
con. 2. although; whereas
affluent
adj. wealthy, plentiful, opulent, abundant
aggravate
ex. Heather’s poor health condition was aggravated by excessive stress and a lack of sleep.
v. worsen, exacerbate (악화시키다)
opp. soothe
cling to
phr. hold tightly, stick to, adhere to (달라붙다, 고수하다)
craft
v. skillfully produce, fabricate, make(솜씨있게 만들다)
crest
n. acme, peak, apex, top, crown (정상)
critic
n. reviewer, judge
cross-hatching
n. shade
decimate
v. eliminate, wipe out, extinguish, eradicate
disciple
n. pupil, student, scholar
disclose
v. reveal, divulge, unveil
disposition
ex. The disposition of some animals makes them impossible to domesticate
n. temperament, temper, nature, spirit
dissimilar
ex. Although identical in appearance, the twin brothers were dissimilar in personality.
adj. different, heterogeneous, unlike
dominant
adj. supreme, prevailing, ruling, prevalent
effect
n. influence, impact; result, consequence (영향; 결과)
enhance
v. improve, enrich, intensify, upgrade
enunciate
v. articulate, phonate, pronounce
eradicate
v. root up, extirpate, eliminate, remove (근절하다)
admire
ex. The whole world admired Amelia Earhart’s successful attempt to fly across the Atlantic.
v. esteem, respect
opp. despise
adroit
ex. Hillary Clinton is a good politician because she is adroit at gaining people’s trust.
adj. skillful, dexterous, proficient
opp. incompetent
ambivalent
ex. Joe has ambivalent feelings about getting back into a relationship with his ex-girlfriend.
adj. unsure, mixed, undecided (불확실한, 상반된 감정이 공존하는)
opp. certain
camouflage
ex. Captain Stencil ordered his troops to camouflage the trenches dug around the battlefields in order to surprise the enemy.
v. hide, disguise, conceal (감추다, 위장하다)
composed 2meanings.
ex. 1. Kennedy seemed very composed in spite of the stress he was under.
2. The newly composed Weekly Leading Index is a balance of seven major economic indicators.
- adj. calm, tranquil
2. adj. created, written,formed
conceal
v. hide, cover, obscure, mask, bury
opp. reveal
deliberate 2meanings.
opp. casual
ex. 1. The Parliament reduced funding for many programs in a deliberate effort to cut the deficit.
2. The film’s graphic scenes were a deliberate attempts to grab the attention of a specific audience.
- adj. careful, thoughtful, cautious
2. adj. intentional, designed, planned, voluntary
exhilarate
ex. The student was exhilarated when he won a scholarship.
v. excite, thrill, elate (들뜨게하다)
exposure
n. disclosure, revelation, uncovering, unveiling
폭로, 발각
glow
v. shine, radiate, beam
hiatus
n. break, interruption, gap
incinerate
ex.The rebels would pillage the farmer’s villages and incinerate them to the ground.
v. burn
ineffectively
ex. If professors express themselves ineffectively, students can’t be expected to excel.
adv. without any result, inefficiently, unproductively (비효과적으로)
inert
ex. At the end of the day, Joseph spends half an hour lying inert on the sofa.
adj. motionless, inactive, stationary (자동력이 없는, 움직일수 없는)
luster
ex. The new cosmetics line will add luster to the skin and hair.
n. sheen, brightness, brilliance, radiance (광채)
massive
ex.Massive ships in the Spanish Armada could easily endure the attack of a huge cannon.
adj. huge, colossal, enormous, bulky, large 거대한, 막대한
opp. puny
occupy
ex. The school teacher prepared several activities to keep the children occupied.
v. engross, engage, absorb ( 주의, 마음을) 끌다, 사로잡다.
precede
ex. A recovery in airline stocks typically precedes a rebound in the economy.
v. come before, antecede, forerun
purchase
v. buy, procure
restrict
v. limit, confine, restrain 제한하다
rupture
ex. The rupture in Amy and Diana’s friendship was never healed.
Patty ruptured her eardrum at the loud rock concert.
n. 1.breach; burst (불화, 파열)
v. 2.break apart, burst, split, tear(찢다, 파열시키다)
scrutiny
n. examination, investigation, inspection 정밀조사
seductive
opp. repulsive
ex. Nothing is more seductive than the promise of getting something for nothing.
adj. tempting, enticing 유혹적인
seep
ex. The gas seeped throughout the entire building before anyone noticed the leaking valve.
v. go through slowly, pass through slowly, permeate 스며들다
segment
ex. The four-hour television program was separated into segments.
n. portion, division, section, part 부분
shatter
v. break, pulverize, smash, crash (박살내다)
shock
v. jolt,startle, stun
significant
adj. important, essential, considerable, substantial, serious
slab
n. single piece of material (조각)
slaughter
v. massacre, butcher, kill (학살하다)
strife
ex. Selfishness is a major cause of strife in modern society.
opp. accord
n. conflict, struggle, fight
style
ex. The boss employs an abrasive style of leadership in his relations with employees.
n. mode, manner, technique
sustained
adj. continued, constant, prolonged, steady
temperance
opp. intemperance
n. moderation, continence, self-discipline 자제, 절제
tremendous
ex. The Arab-Israeli conflict has had a tremendous impact on the world economy.
adj. huge, great, gigantic, colossal
opp. minute
vivid
opp. lifeless
adj. bright, brilliant; graphic, pictorial
wedge
ex. Every morning Cynthia wedges herself into the shuffling crowd on the subway.
v. cram, squeeze, crowd
opp. loosen up
actually
ex. THe transmission screen displays the picture that is actually being broadcast on the air
adv. in fact, as a matter of fact, literally 실제로
adorn
v. decorate, beatify, ornament
opp. disfigure
calculate
ex. Before deciding whether or not he could afford a new jeep, Jason calculated his expenses and earnings.
v. figure, determine (추정하다, 어림잡다)
claim
opp. renounce
v. call for, declare, demand, request
commemorate
v. celebrate
conformity
opp. discord
n. agreement, accordance
copious
adj. plentiful, ample, bountiful
desire
v. covet, long for; seek, request
diligently
adv. assiduously, carefully, earnestly, industriously
enthrall
opp. repulse
v. fascinate, captivate, enchant, mesmerize
feast 2meanings
n. 1. celebration, festival, fiesta
v. 2. eat, gorge, indulge(배불리 먹다)
gather
v. collect, aggregate, assemble (모으다)
opp. scatter
gauge
v. measure, calculate, appraise
평가하다, 판단하다
glue
opp. unfasten
v. stick, fix, cement, paste
grand
opp. trivial
adj. imposing, stately, august
hearten
v. encourage, inspire, cheer
opp. dampen
hub
n. center
hybrid
n. combination, cross, mixture
impetus
n. stimulus
improvise
v. extemporize, ad-lib (연주, 연설 등을 )즉흥적으로 하다.
opp. rehearse
irresistible
adj. attractive, fascinating; overwhelming
incised
ex. Subtle lighting emphasizes delicately incised patterns and surface inflections.
adj. carved (새겨진)
inherent in
phr. characteristic of, built in (내재된)
juvenile
adj. children’s, puerile, young
main
adj. chief, prime, principal
negligence
n. carelessness
outweigh
v. preponderate, outbalance, override, prevail over
pigment
n. color, dye, tincture
plausible
adj. believable, credible, likely, probable
prudent
opp. imprudent
adj. cautious, discreet, careful, wary
revise
v. modify, correct, alter, edit
spirit
n. mind
skillful
opp. maladroit
adj. deft, skilled, adept, dexterous, adroit, proficient 숙련된
tenet
n. principle, doctrine, dogma (원칙)
transformation
n. change, conversion, metamorphosis
traverse
v. cross, go across, pass
unbearably
adv. extremely
variable
ex. The weather is rather variable in South Africa.
adj. unstable, changeable, inconstant, fickle (변하기 쉬운)
while
con. 1. during the time; as long as
con. 2. although; whereas
affluent
adj. wealthy, plentiful, opulent, abundant
aggravate
ex. Heather’s poor health condition was aggravated by excessive stress and a lack of sleep.
v. worsen, exacerbate (악화시키다)
opp. soothe
cling to
phr. hold tightly, stick to, adhere to (달라붙다, 고수하다)
craft
v. skillfully produce, fabricate, make(솜씨있게 만들다)
crest
n. acme, peak, apex, top, crown (정상)
critic
n. reviewer, judge
cross-hatching
n. shade
decimate
v. eliminate, wipe out, extinguish, eradicate
disciple
n. pupil, student, scholar
disclose
v. reveal, divulge, unveil
disposition
ex. The disposition of some animals makes them impossible to domesticate
n. temperament, temper, nature, spirit
dissimilar
ex. Although identical in appearance, the twin brothers were dissimilar in personality.
adj. different, heterogeneous, unlike
dominant
adj. supreme, prevailing, ruling, prevalent
effect
n. influence, impact; result, consequence (영향; 결과)
enhance
v. improve, enrich, intensify, upgrade
enunciate
v. articulate, phonate, pronounce
eradicate
v. root up, extirpate, eliminate, remove (근절하다)
harsh
adj. severe, rigorous, inclement, ruthless (가혹한)
opp. mild
heritage
n. tradition, inheritance, legacy
inappropriate
adj. improper, unsuitable
insolent
adj. impudent, impertinent, rude, audacious( 무례한)
opp. deferential
jeopardy
n. danger, venture, peril, risk, hazard
luxury
n. extravagance, frill
manipulate
v. operate, control, handle, maneuver 조정하다, 다루다
mock
v. ridicule, make fun of, deride, jeer (조롱하다)
precious
adj. valuable, dear, priceless
regard
n. attention, notice; affection, respect
return
v. recur, revert, come back (되돌아가다)
set
v. situate, place, put, lay, locate (~을 놓다)
spacious
adj. roomy, ample, capacious, extensive
spectator
n. viewer, observer
ex. The tennis match attracted over 30.000 spectators.
strict
opp. lenient
adj. rigid, rigorous, stringent
swift
adj. quick, speedy, fleet, rapid
opp. sluggish
sychronize
ex. The two plane crashes synchronized, causing much suspicious about terrorism.
v. occur at the same time (동시에 일어나다)
throughout
prep. in every part of, in all parts of (~의 도처에)
undermine
opp. reinforce
v. attenuate, weaken
ex. Income reductions have undermined the foundation of the middle class.
upset 2 meanings
- The underdogs team upset the champions in the final soccer match.
- The mayor’s ignorance upset the whole city.
- v. capsize, overthrow, overturn (뒤엎다, 전복시키다)
2. v. disturb, distress, perturb (당황하게 하다)
virtuous
adj. righteous, good, moral
opp. vicious
wrangle
v. argue, debate; quarrel, bicker (논쟁하다, 말다툼하다)
opp. assent
withdraw
v. retire, retreat
opp. advance
worship
v. venerate, reverse, respect (숭배하다)
