Day 1: Intro

Question 1

Vegans are often deficient in which vitamin?

Answer 1

Vitamin B12

Question 2

Some drugs are receptor antagonists.

Define receptor antagonists.

Answer 2

A drug which blocks a receptor in the body

Question 3

What is a prion?

Why is it dangerous?

Answer 3

A prion is a misfolded protein

When it touches healthy proteins, they become misfolded too in a chain reaction

This causes brain tissue to fall apart

Question 4

Define haemophilia

Answer 4

A clotting disorder

So your blood takes longer to clot

Question 5

What is hypercalcemia?

Answer 5

hyper - increased

calc - calcium

aemia - in the blood

Question 6

Dysplasia

Answer 6

The growth of abnormal cells

Question 7

Give examples of agonists

(2)

Answer 7

Heroin + Morphine

Activate the opioid receptor

Question 8

Which mineral are women often deficient in, causing anaemia?

Answer 8

Iron

Question 9

What is hypoxia?

Answer 9

hypo - low

oxia - oxygen

Question 10

What is an opportunistic infection?

Answer 10

An infection which occurs when your immune system is weakened

For example: a patient is taking steroids and develops oral thrush

Question 11

What is Aplastic anaemia?

Answer 11

A - missing

plastic - tissue

• Defective bone marrow doesn’t produce enough blood cells

Question 12

What is anaphylaxis?

(2)

Answer 12

a life-threatening allergic reaction

the smooth muscle in their windpipe closes

Question 13

What is a congenital disease?

Answer 13

A disease which is present since birth

Question 14

Define pharmacokinetics

Answer 14

How the body breaks down a drug

Question 16

Which Vitamin are alcoholics often deficient in?

Answer 16

B12

Question 17

What is anaemia?

Answer 17

Anaemia means that either the level of red blood cells or the level of haemoglobin in your body is lower than normal.

Question 18

What is leukaemia?

Answer 18

Cancer of bone marrow

Causing an uncontrolled proliferation of white blood cells

Question 19

What is B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)?

Answer 19

It’s released when the walls of the heart are stretched

The effect of it is vasodilation

We measure it in the blood screen for heart failure

Question 20

What is haemoglobin?

What is the most component?

Answer 20

The red pigment in blood cells which binds to oxygen.

Iron

Question 21

What is carcinogenesis?

Answer 21

carcino - cancer

genesis - development

Question 22

What is an idiopathic disease?

Answer 22

Any disease with an unknown cause

Question 23

Which vitamin are pregnant women often deficient in?

Answer 23

Vitamin B9

(Folate)

Question 24

What is troponin?

When would you measure it in someone’s blood?

Answer 24

Troponin is a protein released from dying heart muscle

You would measure it if you suspected a heart attack

Question 25

What is Atrophy?

Answer 25

A decrease in cell number

Question 26

How do you treat sepsis?

Answer 26

BUFALO

Question 27

Give an example of an **antagonist** | (2)

Answer 27

**Naloxone** which antagonises the opioid receptors

Question 28

# Define **differentiation**

Answer 28

How much something has changed from its original

Question 29

What is hyperplasia?

Answer 29

an increase in the number of cells

Question 30

What is thalassemia? | (2)

Answer 30

an **inherited** condition causing **deformed** red blood cells

Question 31

What is a comorbidity?

Answer 31

When a patient has more than one disease

Question 32

Define pharmacodynamics

Answer 32

The effects of a drug on then body

Question 33

What are the common symptoms of anaemia?

Answer 33

Weakness tiredness pale skin nail spooning

Question 34

What does it mean when a cancer is in **remission**?

Answer 34

The cancer is shrinking/inactive

Question 35

Define Sepsis

Answer 35

Infection which has reached a patent's blood

Question 36

# Define Hypertyrophy

Answer 36

When a cell gets bigger

Question 37

Some drugs are receptor agonists. **Define receptor agonists**

Answer 37

A drug which **activate** receptors within the body

Question 38

Which is associated with a **reduced** **MCV?**

Answer 38

Thalassemia

Question 39

People from which countries are most likely to have thalassemia?

Answer 39

mediterranean people

Question 40

What is a **meta**plasia

Answer 40

When a cell changes from **one type to another** meta = to change

Question 41

What is Sickle cell disease? | (2)

Answer 41

* mutated red blood cells which snap into an odd shape * blocking capillaries

Question 42

**Para-neoplastic syndrome** definition

Answer 42

When cancer cells begin producing certain hormones **Most commonly:** parathyroid hormone Causing **hypercalcaemia**

Question 43

What is mean corpuscular volume (MCV)?

Answer 43

The average size of a red blood cell

Question 44

What is cor pulmonale?

Answer 44

**hypertrophy** of the **right** ventricle

Question 45

What are the four stages of **pharmacokinetics**? (4)

Answer 45

**A** Absorption **D** Distribution **M** Metabolism **E** Excretion

Question 46

What is an **iatrogenic** illness?

Answer 46

An illness caused by a medical **treatment** or **examination**

Question 47

Which two common vitamin deficiencies can cause anaemia?

Answer 47

Folate **(Vitamin B9)** deficiency Cobalamin **(Vitamin B12)** deficiency

Question 48

What is a neoplasm? | (2)

Answer 48

(1) A tumour/growth (1) It can be either benign or malignant

Question 49

What is Polycythaemia

Answer 49

**poly** - many **cyth** - red blood cells **aemia** - in the blood

Question 50

What is **vasodilation**?

Answer 50

expansion of the walls of blood vessels

Question 51

What is **megaloblastic** anaemia? When would you see it?

Answer 51

mega - large blastic - produced megaloblastic - lots of large blood cells **It is caused by B12 deficiency**