Day 1- Foundations Flashcards by Lisa Prang

Arch of the hand that goes across your MCPs

Dorsal Transverse

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Arch of the hand that goes diagonally in your palm?

Oblique arch

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Arch of the hand that goes from the middle finger to the wrist?

Longitudinal Arch

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How many zones are there for the extensor zones?

8 zones
DIP joint
Middle Phalanx
PIP joint
Proximal Phalanx
MCP joint
Metacarpals
Carpals
Proximal wrist

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How many zones are there for the flexor zones?

5 zones:
Distal
No mans land
Palm
Carpal
Wrist to FA

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G/P: intrinsic muscles (MCP flexion, PIP and DIP extension) plus palmar abduction

Lumbricals

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G/P: fingers and thumb adduct onto a round object; splints would promote wrist stabilization and finger and thumb abduction

Spherical

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G/P: flexion of PIP and DIP around an object

Hook

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G/P: adducted fingers around an object held in the palm; splint promotes thumb opposition or finger and thumb flexion and wrist stabilization

Cylindrical

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G/P: thumb pas of digits 2 and 3; thumb spica orthoses

3 point

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G/P: thumb pad and lateral aspect of digit 2; thumb spica with slight radial abduction

Lateral pinch

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T/F: splints act as a lever that help move bone around an axis?

True

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A principle of splinting that states: a dynamic splint only allows for 1 motion and may need to sacrifice other motions in joints with more than 1 DOF

Axis of motion

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This principle describes the effect materials and dynamic components have on bones and tissues

Force

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This is the stress to tissues parallel to the surfaces they affect?

Shear

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This is when surfaces impede gliding?

Friction

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This is the rotational effect of a mechanism around an axis?

Torque

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If we increase the length of the splint that decreases the amount of force near the axis. This is the principle of?

Mechanical Advantage

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How long should the trough be?

2/3rd the length of the FA

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How wide should the trough be?

Half the circumference of the thumb and FA

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Stress that results from pressing together?

Compression

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Stress that results from pulling apart?

Traction/Tension

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Stress that results from parallel forces of an object?

Shearing

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4 ways that skin can be damaged due to force and pressure?

degree
duration
repetition
direction

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T/F dynamic splints should have tension adjustments?

True

"casts or strapping used for reductions of fractures and dislocation"

splint

"used to support a weak or deformed body part, or restrict or eliminate motion of body part"

Orthoses

When was the ASHT established?

1977

When was the first ceritification exam for the ASHT?

1991

What are the requirements for CHT?

5 years out of school | 2000 working in a hand clinic

Splint classification system for naming?

``` Identify Location Direction Purpose # of secondary joints # of total joints ```

What is the difference between an articular and non articular orthoses?

nonarticular do not cross a joint and is associated with one of the long bones articular crosses a joint

This type of splint is designed to mobilize primary and secondary joints?

Mobilization

This type of splint is designed to immobilize primary and secondary joints?

Immobilization

This type of splint is designed to limit a specific aspect of joint ROM for the primary joints?

Restriction

Main 4 purposes of splints?

Mobilization Immobilization Restriction Torque transmission

This type of splint harnesses a secondary joint to create motion at the primary joint?

Torque Transmission

This type of orthoses is classified by no movable parts; it maintain position to hold anatomical structures at the end of available ROM?

Static Splint

This type of orthoses is classified by remolding static splints?

Serial Static Splint

This type of orthoses allows motion in 1 direction while blocking it in another; helps the patient regain lost ROM while preventing bad posturing?

Dropout Splint

This types of orthoses requires a static base with 1 or more resilient components thats apply constant force at end range?

Dynamic Splint

This type of splint is designed to increase PROM to supplement active motion?

Dynamic Splint

This type of splint uses inelastic components that allow a patient to adjust the tension?

Static-progressive

T/F: the static-progressive splint is not dynamic?

False

This thermoplastic property is associated with memory?

elastic

This thermoplastic property is associated with drapability?

plastic

Difference between handling and performance properties?

handling are when material is heated and softened | performance are when it is cooled

5 handling properties?

1. Memory 2. Drape 3. Elastic 4. Bonding 5. Self-finishing edges

Ability to return to its preheated shape, size, and thickness when reheated?

Memory

Degree with which a material conforms to the underlying shape without manual assistance?

Drapability

Resistance to stretch

Elastic

Degree to which a material will stick to itself?

Bonding

Characteristics of performance properties

``` Conformability flexible durable rigid perforations finish, color, and thickness ```

This allows for resistance of repeated stress?

rigidity

Length of time splint material can take stress repeatedly?

durable

This is the ability to fit into contoured areas

conformability

An approach that promotes the ability of the individual with hand dysfunction to engage in desired life tasks and occupations?

Occupation based practice

An approach to service which embraces a philosophy of respect for and partnership with people receiving services?

Client centered practice

3 components of orthotic intervention?

context and environment intervention levels therapeutic approach

T/F: a circumfrential orthotic is best with a low degree of memory?

false, high because want to withstand taking it on and off

T/F: with a FA and hand orthotic it is important to have conformability?

True

Typical degree range for heating water for splinting?

135-180 degrees (~160)

When would reinforcements be placed on an orthotic?

With issues such as high tone or spasticity

T/F: heavy load over a short period of time is preferred when creating a wearing schedule?

False; want light tension over a long period of time

T/F: joints that have a hard end feel require more wearing time for orthotics than joints with soft end feel?

True

When sleeping at night, what kind of orthotic would you fabricate to help with positioning, inflammation, and pain reduction?

Static Splint

Wearing schedules should allow for what two aspects at the joint?

1. Functional use | 2. Active ROM

What 3 things are important for orthotic documentation?

1. type, purpose, and anatomical location 2. education/instruction (wearing schedule, care, precautions, home care, etc.) 3. follow up

What is required to fabricate a splint?

Referral and insurance approval (not all insurances will cover the splints)

T/F: all orthotics are covered by insurance?

False