DAY 1 AM Flashcards
Pharmaceutical care
The responsible provision of drug therapy to achieve definite outcomes that improves a patient’s quality of life. These outcomes include:
- Curing a disease
- Eliminating/reduce pt. symptoms
- Arresting or slowing the disease progress
- Preventing a disease or symptoms.
Five Key Elements of Pharm. Care
- Establish and maintain professional relationship
- Collect, organize, record and maintain pt. specific info.
- Evaluate info and develop drug therapy plan
- Assure patient has all the components to carry out the plan
- continually review, monitor, and modify as necessary in consultation with pt. and healthcare team.
Philosophy of Pharm. Care
- Social needs
- Responsibility
- Patient centered approach
- Caring about patients
What is a drug therapy problem?
An undesirable event experienced by pt. that involves drug therapy and that actually or potentially interferes with desired outcomes. This includes:
- Unnecessary drugs
- Wrong drugs
- ADR
- Non-adherence
- Additional drug therapy needed
Pharmacist Responsibility
ID, resolve, prevent drug therapy problems check to see if:
- Appropriate drug for indication
- Medication is safe and effective
- Pt. can comply with med or tx plan
- There aren’t any untreated indications that needs meds
The Patient Care Process Includes
- Initiate relationship with pt. and caregiver
- Gather pt info (Subjective and objective) (SO)
- Assess information (A)
- Develop care plan and complete intervention (P)
- Implement follow up
Subjective Data
Info provided by the pt or a caregiver that cannot be directly measured i.e pain. This segment includes chief complaint (CC), HPI, PMH, SH, FH, Review of symptoms.
Objective Data
Observable and can be measured. i.e Lab values, vital signs, physical examination findings, serum drug concentrations, diagnostic tests, computerized med profile with refill info.
What is patient Assessment
Process through Pharm.D evaluates pt. information that was gathered from pt. and other sources to make a decision regarding patient’s: health status, drug therapy needs and problems, interventions that will ID problems and prevent future ones, and follow up to ensure pt. outcomes are being met.
What does patient assessment involve?
- Information gathering
- Patient interviewing skills
- Physical assessment techniques
- Clinical reasoning
Patient Care Plan has to include
- ID drug therapy problem
- Prioritize and categorize the drug therapy problems
- Patient goals and outcomes determined
- Solutions/interventions identified
- Document (SOAP/Problem-oriented-note)
A Complete Health Assessment includes
- Patient interview and health history
- General survey and vital signs
- Physical examinations.
Patient Interviewing: Prepare Environment
- Gather pt info from medical record prior to interview
- 4-5 feet btwn pt and pharmD at equal status
- Take short/concise notes.
Patient Interviewing: Opening statements
- Call pt by surname (Mr. Mrs)
- Tell them how long this will take
- Introduce yourself and reason for this meeting
- Pt will ask questions and they will wonder why you are talking to them.
Patient Interviewing: Appropriate Questions
- Use open ended questions to hear the story.
- Use specific questions to get details about the symptoms.
- Use yes or no questions to asses pertinent negatives or positives information.
Patient Interviewing: Verify the informations by
- Clarification
- Reflection
- Silence
- Empathy
- Summary
- Facilitation
Patient Interviewing: Non verbal communication include
- Distance
- Body Posture
- Eye contact
- Facial expression
- Gestures
Patient Interviewing: During the Closing Statements
- Provide a brief summary
- Conclude with simple close ended questions ( like any???)
- Conclude with a sincere statement (like thanks 4 ur time)
Patient Interviewing: Common errors
- Changing the subject
- Giving advice
- False reassurance
- Asking leading or biased questions
- Using jargon
- Don’t get the pt. point of view.
