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Geology > dating > Flashcards

dating Flashcards

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1
Q

The five ways to tell relative ages

A
  1. Law of Superposition
  2. Law of initial horizontality
  3. Faunal and floral succession
  4. Cross-cutting and inclusion relationships
  5. Metamorphic relationships
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2
Q

Age range for carbon dating (radiometric rate dating)

A

0 to 40,000 years

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3
Q

Age range for Potassium - Argon dating (radiometric rate dating)

A

> = 100,000 years

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4
Q

Age range for rubidium - strontium dating (radiometric rate dating)

A

> = 10 million years

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5
Q

Age range for uranium - lead, or lead - lead dating (radiometric rate dating)

A

> =10 million years

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6
Q

U234 - U238 dating age range (radiometric rate dating)

A

100,000 to 1 million years

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7
Q

Uranium - Helium dating age range (radiometric rate dating)

A

300,000 to 18 million years

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8
Q

Th 230/Th232 and Pa231/Th230 dating age ranges (radiometric rate dating)

A

0 to 300,000 and 0 to 150,000 years

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9
Q

Th230/U234 and Pa231/U235 dating age range (radiometric rate dating)

A

10,000 to 200,000 and 10,000 to 120,000 years

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10
Q

Fission track dating age range (radiometric rate dating)

A

Appx 100,000 to several billion years

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11
Q

Thermoluminescence dating age range (radiometric rate dating)

A

few hundred years to 1 billion years

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12
Q

electro-spin resonance (radiometric rate dating)

A

few hundred to 300 million years

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13
Q

Sedimentation dating age range (geologic dating technique)

A

Effective from the Cenozoic to the Precambrian

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14
Q

Pedogenic Soils dating age range (chemical rate dating technique)

A

Quaternary

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15
Q

Weathering dating range (chemical rate dating technique)

A

Cenozoic

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16
Q

Obsidian hydration dating range (chemical rate dating technique)

A

50 to 250,000 years

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17
Q

Amino Acid dating range (biological rate dating technique)

A

few hundred years to 10 million years

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18
Q

Dendochronology dating range (biological rate dating technique)

A

0 to 8,000 years

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19
Q

Paleontology dating range (evolutionary dating technique)

A

Cenozoic to Precambrian

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20
Q

Palynology dating range (evolutionary dating technique)

A

Cenozoic to Precambrian

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21
Q

Paleomagnetism (phenomenological dating technique)

A

700,000 to 4.5 million years

22
Q

Tephrochronology (phenomenological dating technique)

A

Cenozoic to paleozoic

23
Q

Era order, oldest to youngest (list how many periods they have)

A

Precambrian (0)
Paleozoic (6)
Mesozoic (3)
Cenozoic (2)

24
Q

Period, oldest to youngest (number of epochs)

A 
Precambrian
Cambrian
Ordovician
Siluran
Devonian 
Carboniferous (2)
Permian
Triassic
Jurassic
Cretaceous
Tertiary (5)
Quaternary (2)
25
Q

Epochs in the Carboniferous, Tertiary, and Quaternary

A 
Mississippian
Pennsylvanian
Paleocene
Eocene
Oligocene
Miocene
Pliocene
Pleistocene
Holocene
26
Q

Can Old Senators Demand More Pay? Please!

A

Paleozoic epochs or periods

27
Q

Try Jorts, Carl!

A

Mesozoic periods

28
Q

Pals Eat Other Men’s Pillows

A

Tertiary epochs

29
Q

Please, hoseph!

A

Quaternary epochs

30
Q

Age of Invertebrates

A

Cambrian (543), Ordovician (490)

31
Q

Age of Fish

A

Silurian (443), Devonian (417)

32
Q

Age of Amphibians

A

Mississippian (354), Pennsylvanian (323), Permian (290)

33
Q

Age of Reptiles

A

Triassic (248), Jurassic (206), Cretaceous (144) (The whole Mesozoic Era)

34
Q

Age of Mammals

A

Paleocene (65), Eocene (54.8), Oligocene (33.7), Miocene (23.8), Pliocene (5.3)

35
Q

Age of People

A

Pleistocene (1.8), Holocene (0.011)

36
Q

Periods

A

Carboniferous (In the Paleozoic, contains the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian Epochs); Tertiary (In the Cenozoic, contains PEOMP), and te Quaternary (Contains PH)

37
Q

Law of Superposition

A

The oldest layer is on the bottom and the youngest layer is on the top. This assumes that the beds have not been overturned. Also, if the stratigraphic succession is known, the direction of dip can be determined from the direction in which the units become younger.

38
Q

Law of Initial Horizontality

A

Assumes the sequence of layers was deposited horizontally or nearly so. In dissected topography, the youngest layers will form hill tops.

39
Q

Faunal and Floral Succession

A

Faunal and floral evolutionary changes may be determined from the position of the fossil in the stratigraphic sequence. Older fossils are found below younger fossils. The younger fossils may show distinct evolutionary trends which may be used to correlate with stratigraphic sequences in other areas.

40
Q

Cross-Cutting Relationships

A

The feature that is cut is older than the feature doing the cutting

41
Q

Inclusions

A

Inclusions are older than the rocks in which they are included

42
Q

Metamorphism

A

Metamorphism is younger than the rock as it existed before metamorphism. Metamorphism is contemporaneous with the igneous intrusion or tectonism that produced the metamorphism.

43
Q

Graded beds

A

Beds which are finer-grained at the top

44
Q

Ripple marks

A

Ripple marks are tops of beds. They are concave up (see picture)

45
Q

Truncated cross-bedding

A

A type of top of bedding that is slightly concave up (see picture)

46
Q

Sole marks

A

A type of top of bedding that is concave up (flute casts form on the bottom of siltstone or sandstone bed) (see picture)

47
Q

Basal Conglomerate

A

Forms at the base of a formation (see picture)

48
Q

Rip-up clasts

A

Shale clasts ripped up from deposits below and transported bu currents

49
Q

Scouring or channeling

A

A bed top/bottom that is concave up (see picture)

50
Q

Mud Cracls

A

V points down (see picture)

Geology (5 decks)

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