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National 5 Computing Science > Databases > Flashcards

Databases Flashcards

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1
Q

What are end-user requirements?

A

a document that details what the client wants to be able to do with the database

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2
Q

Who is the end-user?

A

The person, people or business who will use the completed database

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3
Q

What are the functional requirements?

A

used to describe what the database will do and the types of operations it should be able to perform.

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4
Q

What is the requirements specification?

A

A legally binding document composed of the end-user and functional requirements that usually forms the basis pf a contract between the client and developer.

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5
Q

What is a database?

A

A structured collection of similar information which you can search through

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6
Q

What is a database package or database management system?

A

A program that is used for organising data on a computer system

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7
Q

What is a file?

A

A collection of structured data on a particular topic

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8
Q

What is a record?

A

a collection of structured data on a particular person or thing made up of one or more fields.

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9
Q

What is a field?

A

an area of a record that contains an individual piece of data

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10
Q

What is a flat file database?

A

A database that is contained in a single table

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11
Q

What are the problems with a flat file database?

A

Data is often duplicated and wastes storage and memory and the database can be inconsistent

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12
Q

What is a relational database?

A

A database that contains links between between tables

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13
Q

What is an entity?

A

any object we want to store information about. Usually a person, thing, event or location.

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14
Q

What is an attribute?

A

an individual data element in an entity

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15
Q

What is a primary key?

A

a field that has unique value that can be used to identify a record. It cannot be empty.

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16
Q

What is a foreign key?

A

a field in a table that links to the primary key in a related table.

17
Q

What are the three types of relationships?

A

one-to-one, one-to-many and many-to-many

18
Q

What is a data dictionary?

A

a table that contains all the elements to be present in the database once it is implemented.

19
Q

What should a data dictionary include?

A

the entity name, attribute name, primary key and foreign key

20
Q

What are the data types?

A

text, number, date, time and Boolean.

21
Q

What is the validation column for?

A

To check that an item of data is sensible and allowed

22
Q

What are some examples of validation checks?

A

presence check, restricted choice, field length and range

23
Q

What is a presence check?

A

A check to be sure that a field is not empty.

24
Q

What is a restricted choice?

A

a list of options to choose from to limited the answers to only pre-approved ones.

25
Q

What is a field length check?

A

a check that ensure that the a field contains the correct number of characters or numbers

26
Q

What is a range check?

A

a check made on fields that contain numbers to keep the data within given limits.

27
Q

What is entity integrity?

A

it is present when a table has a primary key that is unique and not null

28
Q

What is referential integrity?

A

It ensures that a value in one table references an existing value in another table. (a foreign key must exist as a primary key in another entity)

29
Q

What is a query?

A

a statement used to search the tables for specific information or to sort data contained in the tables.

30
Q

What does GDPR stand for?

A

The General Data Protection Regulation

31
Q

What are the four column types?

A

INT, DATE, VARCHAR, Boolean

32
Q

What is the function of a SELECT FROM query?

A

to query the database for specific information

33
Q

Which query will change values in EXISTING rows?

A

UPDATE

34
Q

What are an individual’s rights under GDPR? (there are 8)

A
  • the right to be informed
  • the right of access
  • the right to rectification
  • the right to erasure
  • the right to restrict processing
  • the right to data portability
  • the right to object
  • rights in relation to automated decision making and profiling.
35
Q

What must be included in dot notation?

A

table name and field name separated by a dot

National 5 Computing Science (4 decks)

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